Acquisition of Complex Assembly Skills through the Use of Systematic Training Procedures: Involving Profoundly Retarded Adults

AAESPH Review ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 14-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred Spooner ◽  
Bob Hendrickson
Keyword(s):  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
The United States ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Training Procedure ◽  
Work Activity ◽  
Group Settings ◽  
Systematic Training ◽  
Three Phases

Work Activity Centers in the United States have been very prone to let their clientele attempt to learn basic industrial tasks in group settings without the use of a controlled training procedure. The usual effects have been: (a) excessively long periods of skill acquisition, (b) high variability in production techniques, (c) substantial fluctuations in product quality, and (d) preferential opportunities for those whose learning ability was least severely impaired. This report is concerned with the acquisition of skills to perform a complex industrial task by seven profoundly retarded adults using a systematic training procedure. The task consisted of inserting six different colored game pawns into a poly-bag and placing the loaded bag in a finish bin. The method described was adopted after an extended period of observation during which substantial numbers of clients were found to be unable to acquire the requisite skills through any of the various non-systematized methods of presentation. The training procedure employed three phases. The first was based on a backward chaining format and took place in a designated training area with only the trainer and a single trainee present. The second phase was based on a total task presentation in the same setting; and the third continued the total task format in the production area of the Center. Each of the five individuals who completed the training has reached the established criterion for all three phases.

Listening for the “Still Small Voice” of Mendelssohn’s Domestic Elijah

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-77
Author(s):  
Peter Mercer-Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Second Phase ◽  
Divine Presence ◽  
Final Phase ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Third ◽  
Interpretive Approach ◽  
Will To Live ◽  
Three Phases

The notion that there might be autobiographical, or personally confessional, registers at work in Mendelssohn’s 1846 Elijah has long been established, with three interpretive approaches prevailing: the first, famously advanced by Prince Albert, compares Mendelssohn’s own artistic achievements with Elijah’s prophetic ones; the second, in Eric Werner’s dramatic formulation, discerns in the aria “It is enough” a confession of Mendelssohn’s own “weakening will to live”; the third portrays Elijah as a testimonial on Mendelssohn’s relationship to the Judaism of his birth and/or to the Christianity of his youth and adulthood. This article explores a fourth, essentially untested, interpretive approach: the possibility that Mendelssohn crafts from Elijah’s story a heartfelt affirmation of domesticity, an expression of his growing fascination with retiring to a quiet existence in the bosom of his family. The argument unfolds in three phases. In the first, the focus is on that climactic passage in Elijah’s Second Part in which God is revealed to the prophet in the “still small voice.” The turn from divine absence to divine presence is articulated through two clear and powerful recollections of music that Elijah had sung in the oratorio’s First Part, a move that has the potential to reconfigure our evaluation of his role in the public and private spheres in those earlier passages. The second phase turns to Elijah’s own brief sojourn into the domestic realm, the widow’s scene, paying particular attention to the motivations that may have underlain the substantial revisions to the scene that took place between the Birmingham premiere and the London premiere the following year. The final phase explores the possibility that the widow and her son, the “surrogate family” in the oratorio, do not disappear after the widow’s scene, but linger on as “para-characters” with crucial roles in the unfolding drama.

Top 100 most-cited articles on medical imaging applications of artificial intelligence: a bibliometric analysis (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Liu ◽  
Ziyan Yu ◽  
Shuolan Jing ◽  
Honghu Jiang ◽  
Chunxia Wang
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Medical Imaging ◽  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Medical Physics ◽  
Medical Image Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Independent Learning ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Core Technology

BACKGROUND Artificial intelligence (AI) has penetrated into almost every aspect of our lives and is rapidly changing our way of life. Recently, the new generation of AI taking machine learning and particularly deep convolutional neural network theories as the core technology, has stronger learning ability and independent learning evolution ability, combined with a large amount of learning data, breaks through the bottleneck limit of model accuracy, and makes the model efficient use. OBJECTIVE To identify the 100 most cited papers in artificial intelligence in medical imaging, we performed a comprehensive bibliometric analysis basing on the literature search on Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). METHODS The 100 top-cited articles published in “AI, Medical imaging” journals were identified using the Science Citation Index Database. The articles were further reviewed, and basic information was collected, including the number of citations, journals, authors, publication year, and field of study. RESULTS The highly cited articles in AI were cited between 72 and 1,554 times. The majority of them were published in three major journals: IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, Medical Image Analysis and Medical Physics. The publication year ranged from 2002 to 2019, with 66% published in a three-year period (2016 to 2018). Publications from the United States (56%) were the most heavily cited, followed by those from China (15%) and Netherlands (10%). Radboud University Nijmegen from Netherlands, Harvard Medical School in USA, and The Chinese University of Hong Kong in China produced the highest number of publications (n=6). Computer science (42%), clinical medicine (35%), and engineering (8%) were the most common fields of study. CONCLUSIONS Citation analysis in the field of artificial intelligence in medical imaging reveals interesting information about the topics and trends negotiated by researchers and elucidates which characteristics are required for a paper to attain a “classic” status. Clinical science articles published in highimpact specialized journals are most likely to be cited in the field of artificial intelligence in medical imaging.

scholarly journals From virtual to participatory learning with technology during COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 204275302110229
Author(s):  
Kurt D Squire
Keyword(s):  
Youth Development ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Knowledge Work ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
The United States ◽  
Learning Technologies ◽  
Learning Goals ◽  
Virtual Schooling ◽  
Technology Infrastructure ◽  
Participatory Learning

During COVID-19, schools around the world rapidly went online. Examining youth technology use reveals sharp inequities within the United States’ education system and incongruencies between the technologies used in virtual schooling and those in the lives of students outside of school. In affluent communities, virtual schooling is supported by a distributed schooling infrastructure that coordinates students’ knowledge work. This home and school technology infrastructure features material, human, and structural capital that facilitates youth development as nascent knowledge workers. Technology use during virtual schooling keeps youth activity grounded within the “walls” of school; during virtual schooling, students have little voice in setting learning goals or contributing “content.” Technology use at home for learning or entertainment stems from their own goals and features them as active inquisitors seeking out information and extending their social networks, and crucially, using participatory learning technologies such as Discord for communications. An extended period of virtual schooling could enable a rethinking of the role of technology in schools, including an embrace of play, emotional design, participatory communications, place-based learning, embodied understandings, and creative construction.

scholarly journals Examination and Comparison of Theta Band Connectivity in Left- and Right-Hand Dominant Individuals throughout a Motor Skill Acquisition

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 728
Author(s):  
Jessica McDonnell ◽  
Nicholas P Murray ◽  
Sungwoo Ahn ◽  
Stefan Clemens ◽  
Erik Everhart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Information Integration ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
The United States ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Population Difference ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Neurological Differences

The majority of the population identifies as right-hand dominant, with a minority 10.6% identifying as left-hand dominant. Social factors may partially skew the distribution, but it remains that left-hand dominant individuals make up approximately 40 million people in the United States alone and yet, remain underrepresented in the motor control literature. Recent research has revealed behavioral and neurological differences between populations, therein overturning assumptions of a simple hemispheric flip in motor-related activations. The present work showed differentially adaptable motor programs between populations and found fundamental differences in methods of skill acquisition highlighting underlying neural strategies unique to each population. Difference maps and descriptive metrics of coherent activation patterns showed differences in how theta oscillations were utilized. The right-hand group relied on occipital parietal lobe connectivity for visual information integration necessary to inform the motor task, while the left-hand group relied on a more frontal lobe localized cognitive based approach. The findings provide insight into potential alternative methods of information integration and emphasize the importance for inclusion of the left-hand dominant population in the growing conceptualization of the brain promoting the generation of a more complete, stable, and accurate understanding of our complex biology.

The Reintegration Academy for parolees

2020 ◽  
pp. 147797142095908
Author(s):  
Renford Reese
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Life Skills ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
The United States ◽  
College Campus ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
California Department ◽  
Gainful Employment ◽  
Academic Orientation ◽  
Reflective Essay

The Reintegration Academy was founded in 2009. It was the first program of its kind in the United States to bring a group of parolees to a college campus for an extended period for academic programming. Since its inception, the Reintegration Academy has collaborated with the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation’s Division of Adult Parole Operations to host nine cohorts and served 251 parolees. Division of Adult Parole Operations assists in recruiting, screening, and giving participants referrals to the program. The program immerses 35 participants in Academic Orientation, Life Skills, and Career Development modules for eight weeks. The Reintegration Academy has an 85% success rate of enrolling participants in college and/or placing them in gainful employment. This article is a reflective essay that concisely discusses the genesis of the program, integrates a review of literature on the challenges in re-entry, the program’s anatomy, and the outcomes of the program.

scholarly journals Multi-Criteria Spare Parts Classification Using the Deep Convolutional Neural Network Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 7088
Author(s):  
Ke Yang ◽  
Yongjian Wang ◽  
Shidong Fan ◽  
Ali Mosleh
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Inventory Management ◽  
Hierarchical Classification ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Spare Parts ◽  
Deep Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Good Decision

Spare parts management is a critical issue in the industrial field, alongside planning maintenance and logistics activities. For accurate classification in particular, the decision-makers can determine the optimal inventory management strategy. However, problems such as criteria selection, rules explanatory, and learning ability arise when managing thousands of spare parts for modern industry. This paper presents a deep convolutional neural network based on graph (G-DCNN) which will realize multi-criteria classification through image identification based on an explainable hierarchical structure. In the first phase, a hierarchical classification structure is established according to the causal relationship of multiple criteria; in the second phase, nodes are colored according to their criteria level status so that the traditional numerical information can be visible through graph style; in the third phase, the colored structures are transferred into images and processed by structure-modified convolutional neural network, to complete the classification. Finally, the proposed method is applied in a real-world case study to validate its effectiveness, feasibility, and generality. This classification study supplies a good decision support to improve the monitor-focus on critical component and control inventory which will benefit the collaborative maintenance.

EMG-Based Mobile Assessment System for Neck and Shoulder Fatigue

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-50
Author(s):  
Pei Lun Lai ◽  
Hsiu-Sen Chiang ◽  
Qi-An Huang
Keyword(s):  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Neck Muscle ◽  
Neck And Shoulder Pain ◽  
Reducing Stress ◽  
Mobile Assessment

The neck and shoulders are the key channels for blood supply to the head. Bad blood circulation cannot only cause dizziness and headache but can also affect the vitality of brain cells and cognitive function. The neck muscles also provide all support for the head, and incorrect posture can put stress on the lower cervical vertebrae, accelerating joint wear and poor blood circulation, leading to hypoxia of neck muscle and tissue, and resulting in muscle fatigue and stiffness. Keeping the neck and shoulders rigid over an extended period, can produce neck and shoulder pain, dizziness and headache, and possibly even memory loss and short-term cognitive impairment, which can thus negatively impact learning ability and work efficiency. In this article, electromyography (EMG) characteristics were extracted through EMG analysis. Test subjects wore sensors while engaged in work or studying. The sensors retrieved EMG data which was then uploaded to a cloud-based platform for computation. A smartphone-based app then allowed users to monitor their own neck and shoulder fatigue in real time. Moreover, based on users' personal basic information, the system recommends personalized exercises to promote neck and shoulder relief, thus promoting comfort and reducing stress.

scholarly journals Validation of Sexological Worldview

SAGE Open ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 215824401243907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin A. Sitron ◽  
Donald A. Dyson
Keyword(s):  
Attitude Change ◽  
Service Provision ◽  
Perspective Transformation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Developmental Characteristics ◽  
Definition Of

The authors originally posited that a new construct must be developed to measure the success of affective training for sexologists, particularly the Sexuality Attitudes Reassessment (SAR) modality. Couching their critique in studies that have been conducted to measure the SAR’s effectiveness as a method used to evoke perspective transformation and more sensitive and humanistic service provision, the authors argued that the development of a professional’s sexological worldview would be a more accurate construct than attitude change to measure when considering the outcomes of SAR training. This study in the United States used a two-phase qualitative approach to validate the proposed sexological worldview construct. In the first phase, they surveyed a panel of 16 sexologists regarding their original proposed definition of sexological worldview and refined it. In the second phase, they completed 30 one-on-one interviews with a convenience sample of sexologists and sexology students. Using an inductive content analysis of the interview transcripts, seven themes emerged in support of the proposed definition of sexological worldview, including its components and its developmental characteristics. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications for the use of the construct for the training of sexologists.

Paleogeographic evolution of the United States Pacific Northwest during Paleogene time

1987 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1652-1667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul L. Heller ◽  
Rowland W. Tabor ◽  
Christopher A. Suczek
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
The United States ◽  
Oceanic Islands ◽  
Local Source ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Early Oligocene ◽  
Basin Development ◽  
Major Transition

Paleogeographic reconstructions for Oregon and Washington during Paleogene time illustrate a major transition from a dominantly compressional (prior to middle Eocene time) to an extensional tectonic regime. This transition resulted in the development of three phases of Paleogene basin evolution in the United States Pacific Northwest. During the initial phase, basins formed along the continental margin during collision of oceanic islands. Sediments in these basins were derived from nearby orogenic highlands. The second phase of basin development began in middle Eocene time and consisted of rapid subsidence of individual basins that formed within a broad forearc region. Nonmarine basins that formed during this phase were caused by extension possibly associated with transcurrent faulting. Rapid sedimentation in both marine and nonmarine basins during this time consisted dominantly of sandstone derived from Cretaceous plutonic sources far to the east. The final stage of basin development was the modification of previous basin configurations by the growth of the Cascade volcanic arc, which was initiated in early Oligocene time. The rising Cascade Range diverted streams carrying eastern-derived material, thereby reducing overall sedimentation rates in the coastal basins and providing a local source of volcanic detritus.

A View from Inside: Understanding Puerto Rico Cockfighting

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-37
Author(s):  
Úrsula A. Aragunde-Kohl ◽  
Yahaira Segarra-González ◽  
Liza M. Meléndez-Samó ◽  
Ivemarie Hernández-Rivera ◽  
Carolina Quiles-Peña
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
The Third ◽  
The People

Abstract The purpose of this research was to better understand the beliefs and practices that the residents of Puerto Rico have regarding cockfighting, including their perception of the recently passed prohibition against nonhuman animal fighting on the island. It had an exploratory descriptive design consisting of three phases, where the qualitative data obtained from phase one would guide the process of identifying variables that could be measured. In the second phase, an instrument was developed, and in the third, it was administered. Most of the participants agreed with the prohibition of cockfighting in Puerto Rico and that it was necessary. The data showed that there is a disconnect between what the federal government of the United States legislated, what the local government and agencies that were supposed to enforce the prohibition did with the legislation, and what the people directly affected by the legislation received for education and guidance.

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