PVAT - a Video Analysis Tool for Microgravity Posture Evaluation

1993 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 749-753
Author(s):  
Mihriban Whitmore ◽  
Darlene Merced-Moore ◽  
Susan C. Adam
Keyword(s):  
Video Analysis ◽  
Body Movement ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Space Environment ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Interactive Software ◽  
Space Applications ◽  
Video Footage ◽  
Input Parameters ◽  
Data Collection Technique

PVAT (Posture Video Analysis Tool) has been developed to meet the special needs of ergonomist and human factors analyst attempting to evaluate microgravity working posture from video footage. These specialists often have very little or no control over the video coverage. Moreover, the majority of Shuttle mission videos are not recorded for quantitative analysis. The purpose for developing PVAT is to provide a structured methodology in which these specialists could optimize the data collection technique. PVAT is specifically designed to document microgravity postures using videos of astronauts working in a space environment. The primary focus of PVAT is identifying the microgravity working postures and relating them to design issues in the workplace. This tool is currently an interactive software prototype written in SupercardTM. Users are provided with a set of input parameters such as: subject code, body orientation, targeted body part, camera view (given subject location), body movement, and rating level. A secondary set of inputs are also available which provides the ability to document extraneous behaviors or activities such as bending, reaching and interruptions. The tool allows for the input parameters to be customized as needed. Once the setup is defined, the user begins documenting the target posture and/or behaviors. The paper will discuss PVAT, its space applications and plans for its use.

PVAT - a Posture Video Analysis Tool

1993 ◽  
Vol 37 (15) ◽  
pp. 1045-1045
Author(s):  
Darlene Merced-Moore ◽  
Susan C. Adam
Keyword(s):  
Video Analysis ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Body Movement ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Space Environment ◽  
Microgravity Environment ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Video Footage ◽  
Input Parameters ◽  
Data Collection Technique

The Posture Video Analysis Tool (PVAT) has been developed to meet the special needs of ergonomist and human factors analyst at NASA Johnson Space Center. Often times these specialist must attempt to evaluate microgravity working posture from video footage not specifically recorded for the purposes of quantitative analysis. The purpose for developing PVAT was to provide a structured methodology in which these specialists could optimize the data collection technique. The PVAT is designed such that microgravity postures can be documented while systematically observing footage of astronauts working in a space environment. PVAT is an interactive Macintosh menu and button driven SupercardTM prototype. Users are provided with a set of input parameters related to the microgravity environment and human performance issues. The primary inputs are: subject code, body orientation, targeted body part, camera view (given subject location), body movement, and rating level. A secondary set of inputs is available for users wishing to document extraneous behaviors or activities such as bending, reaching, interruptions, etc. These secondary behaviors may be documented as part of the primary inputs or independently. Each entry is time stamped and stored automatically. Provisions are made that allow users to pause, tag incorrect selections, enter an “unsure” response and user comments. Data output is saved as a “text file” using tab delimiters for easy importation into programs such as Micrsoft EXCELTM. Future PVAT modifications will include adding more input parameters, data reduction capabilities, control of the video deck from the application, and an animated postural glossary.

scholarly journals Self-healing materials for space applications: overview of present development and major limitations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Pernigoni ◽  
Ugo Lafont ◽  
Antonio Mattia Grande
Keyword(s):  
Orbital Debris ◽  
Space Environment ◽  
Technological Evolution ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Space Systems ◽  
Space Applications ◽  
Structural Fatigue ◽  
Operational Life ◽  
Technological Limitations ◽  
Human Exploration

AbstractIn the last decade, self-healing materials have become extremely appealing for the field of space applications, due to their technological evolution and the consequent possibility of designing space systems and structures able to repair autonomously after damage arising from impacts with micrometeoroids and orbital debris, from accidental contact with sharp objects, from structural fatigue or simply due to material aging. The integration of these novel materials in the design of spacecraft structures would result in increased reliability and safety leading to longer operational life and missions. Such concepts will bring a decisive boost enabling new mission scenario for the establishment of new orbital stations, settlement on the Moon and human exploration of Mars.The proposed review aims at presenting the newest and most promising self-healing materials and associated technologies for space application, along with the issues related to their current technological limitations in combination with the effect of the space environment. An introductory part about the outlooks and challenges of space exploration and the self-healing concept is followed by a brief description of the space environment and its possible effects on the performance of materials. Self-healing materials are then analysed in detail, moving from the general intrinsic and extrinsic categories down to the specific mechanisms.

Thermoelectric Applications as Related to Biomedical Engineering for Nasa Johnson Space Center

1997 ◽  
Vol 478 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. Kramer ◽  
P.E.
Keyword(s):  
International Space Station ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Space Environment ◽  
Space Applications ◽  
International Space ◽  
Future Technology ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Environment Noise ◽  
Scientific Value

AbstractThis paper presents current NASA biomedical developments and applications using thermoelectrics. Discussion will include future technology enhancements that would be most beneficial to the application of thermoelectric technology.A great deal of thermoelectric applications have focused on electronic cooling. As with all technological developments within NASA, if the application cannot be related to the average consumer, the technology will not be mass-produced and widely available to the public (a key to research and development expenditures and thermoelectric companies). Included are discussions of thermoelectric applications to cool astronauts during launch and reentry. The earth-based applications, or spin-offs, include such innovations as tank and race car driver cooling, to cooling infants with high temperatures, as well as, the prevention of hair loss during chemotherapy. In order to preserve the scientific value of metabolic samples during long-term space missions, cooling is required to enable scientific studies. Results of one such study should provide a better understanding of osteoporosis and may lead to a possible cure for the disease.In the space environment, noise has to be kept to a minimum. In long-term space applications such as the International Space Station, thermoelectric technology provides the acoustic relief and the reliability for food, as well as, scientific refrigeration/freezers. Applications and future needs are discussed as NASA moves closer to a continued space presence in Mir, International Space Station, and Lunar-Mars Exploration.

scholarly journals Komparasi Berita Tenaga Kerja Indonesia di Arab Saudi dalam Surat Kabar Elektronik Detikcom dan Sabq.org

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Muhamad Fahrudin Yusuf ◽  
Mukti Ali
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Online Newspapers ◽  
Test Tool ◽  
Content Analysis Method ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Data Collection Technique

Various problems of migrant workers and their alleged different coverage on various media are the background of this research. This study focused on 131 news items on migrant workers' issues in Saudi Arabia in the online newspapers Detikcom and Sabq.org, with details of Detikcom 64 news and Sabq.org 67 as samples, with the aim of finding out how Detikcom and Sabq.org cover Indonesian migrant workers in Saudi Arabia and the difference in coverage of both. The content analysis method was chosen as an analysis tool with Codingsheet as a data collection technique and chi-square as a different test tool. The findings of this study are that there is uniformity of coverage on news about migrant workers in Saudi Arabia at Detikcom and Sabq.org with several categories of significant differences.Berbagai permasalahan TKI dan peliputannya yang diduga berbeda pada berbagai media melatarbelakangi penelitian ini. Penelitian ini difokuskan pada 131 isi berita permasalahan TKI di Arab Saudi pada suratkabar online Detikcom dan Sabq.org, dengan perincian Detikcom 64 berita dan Sabq.org 67 berita sebagai sampel, dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana Detikcom dan Sabq.org meliput TKI di Arab Saudi dan perbedaan liputan keduanya. Metode analisis isi dipilih sebagai alat analisis dengan codingsheet sebagai teknik pengumpulan data dan chi-square sebagai alat uji beda. Temuan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa ada keseragaman liputan pada berita tentang di TKI di Arab Saudi pada Detikcom dan Sabq.org dengan beberapa kategori didapati perbedaan signifikan. 

scholarly journals The Effect of Company Size, Financial Performance, and Corporate Governance on the Disclosure of Sustainability Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-122
Author(s):  
Indrianingsih Indrianingsih ◽  
Linda Agustina
Keyword(s):  
Audit Committee ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Company Size ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Data Collection Technique ◽  
Sustainability Report

The purpose of this research is to analyze the effect of company size, profitability, leverage, liquidity, company activities, board directors, independent commissioners, and audit committee on sustainability report disclosure. The population of this research was non-financial companies listed on the IDX in 2013-2017 as many as 483 companies. The sample was selected using purposive sampling technique and obtained 17 samples with 5 years of observation so there were 85 units of analysis. Data collection technique used documentation technique. The analysis tool to test hypothesis was multiple linear regression analysis. The results show that variables of liquidity and audit committee have a positive effect on the sustainability report disclosure. Leverage has a negative effect on sustainability report disclosure. Meanwhile, company size, profitability, company activities, board of directors, and independent commissioners do not affect on sustainability report disclosure. The conclusion in this research is variables of leverage, liquidity, and audit committee can provide an important role in sustainability report disclosure. The suggestion for the next researcher is to pay attention to the calculation of corporate ratio, whether using net sales or gross sales.

Is a Head-Worn Inertial Sensor a Valid Tool to Monitor Swimming?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Stephanie J. Shell ◽  
Brad Clark ◽  
James R. Broatch ◽  
Katie Slattery ◽  
Shona L. Halson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Video Analysis ◽  
Inertial Sensor ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Wearable Device ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Video Footage ◽  
Stroke Type

Purpose: This study aimed to independently validate a wearable inertial sensor designed to monitor training and performance metrics in swimmers. Methods: A total of 4 male (21 [4] y, 1 national and 3 international) and 6 female (22 [3] y, 1 national and 5 international) swimmers completed 15 training sessions in an outdoor 50-m pool. Swimmers were fitted with a wearable device (TritonWear, 9-axis inertial measurement unit with triaxial accelerometer, gyroscope, and magnetometer), placed under the swim cap on top of the occipital protuberance. Video footage was captured for each session to establish criterion values. Absolute error, standardized effect, and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to determine the validity of the wearable device against video footage for total swim distance, total stroke count, mean stroke count, and mean velocity. A Fisher exact test was used to analyze the accuracy of stroke-type identification. Results: Total swim distance was underestimated by the device relative to video analysis. Absolute error was consistently higher for total and mean stroke count, and mean velocity, relative to video analysis. Across all sessions, the device incorrectly detected total time spent in backstroke, breaststroke, butterfly, and freestyle by 51% (15%). The device did not detect time spent in drill. Intraclass correlation coefficient results demonstrated excellent intrarater reliability between repeated measures across all swimming metrics. Conclusions: The wearable device investigated in this study does not accurately measure distance, stroke count, and velocity swimming metrics or detect stroke type. Its use as a training monitoring tool in swimming is limited.

Computer Modelling of Autonomous Satellite Navigation Characteristics on Geostationary Orbit

2019 ◽  
pp. 311-338
Author(s):  
Fedir Shyshkov ◽  
Valeriy Konin
Keyword(s):  
Computer Modelling ◽  
Satellite Navigation ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite Systems ◽  
Geostationary Orbit ◽  
Space Environment ◽  
Space Applications ◽  
Satellite Systems ◽  
Spacecraft Navigation ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite

Satellite systems are a fast-developing and broad field of study. The use of global navigation satellite systems for relatively autonomous spacecraft navigation holds a lot of interest for researchers. It is extremely expensive to research space applications as live experiments. Therefore, computer modelling comes in handy when there is a need to analyze important factors in space environment. The chapter describes the radionavigation field model that uses the off-nadir satellites. This model allows estimation of the availability and accuracy characteristics of autonomous satellite navigation in space up to the geostationary orbit in order to provide the necessary research data.

scholarly journals The Effect of POSS Type on the Shape Memory Properties of Epoxy-Based Nanocomposites

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (18) ◽  
pp. 4203
Author(s):  
Avraham I. Bram ◽  
Irina Gouzman ◽  
Asaf Bolker ◽  
Noam Eliaz ◽  
Ronen Verker
Keyword(s):  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Crosslinking Density ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Thermomechanical Properties ◽  
Space Environment ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Space Applications ◽  
Curing Conditions ◽  
Oligomeric Silsesquioxane

Thermally activated shape memory polymers (SMPs) can memorize a temporary shape at low temperature and return to their permanent shape at higher temperature. These materials can be used for light and compact space deployment mechanisms. The control of transition temperature and thermomechanical properties of epoxy-based SMPs can be done using functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) additives, which are also known to improve the durability to atomic oxygen in the space environment. In this study, the influence of varying amounts of two types of POSS added to epoxy-based SMPs on the shape memory effect (SME) were studied. The first type contained amine groups, whereas the second type contained epoxide groups. The curing conditions were defined using differential scanning calorimetry and glass transition temperature (Tg) measurements. Thermomechanical and SME properties were characterized using dynamic mechanical analysis. It was found that SMPs containing amine-based POSS show higher Tg, better shape fixity and faster recovery speed, while SMPs containing epoxide-based POSS have higher crosslinking density and show superior thermomechanical properties above Tg. This work demonstrates how the Tg and SME of SMPs can be controlled by the type and amount of POSS in an epoxy-based SMP nanocomposite for future space applications.

scholarly journals What More Do Bodies Know? Moving with the Gendered Affects of Place

2020 ◽  
pp. 1357034X2092301
Author(s):  
Gabrielle Ivinson ◽  
EJ Renold
Keyword(s):  
Body Movement ◽  
The Body ◽  
Felix Guattari ◽  
Mining Communities ◽  
Video Footage ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Mining Community ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Place

This article focuses on what bodies know yet which cannot be expressed verbally. We started with a problem encountered during conventional interviewing in an ex-mining community in south Wales when some teen girls struggled to speak. This led us to focus on the body, corporeality and movement in improvisational dance workshops. By slowing down and speeding up video footage from the workshops, we notice movement patterns and speculate about how traces of gender body-movement practices developed within mining communities over time become actualised in girls’ habitual movement repertoires. Inspired by the works of Gilles Deleuze, Felix Guattari and Erin Manning, a series of cameos are presented: room dancing; the hold; the wiggle; the leap and the dance of the not-yet. We speculate about relations between the actual movements we could see, the in-act infused with the history of place, and the virtual potential of movement.

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