Informatics Challenges in Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Rekow
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
Material Surface ◽  
Dental Restorations ◽  
Scaffold Materials ◽  
Ceramic Crowns ◽  
Three Dimensional Configuration

Both tissue engineering and biomaterials have made tremendous strides recently, yet major questions remain unanswered. Tissue-engineered products have come to the market; others are in development. A fundamental issue that informatics could address for tissue engineering is to describe and to predict the cascade of biochemical and cellular reactions that occur as a function of time and implant material: surface texture, microporosity; pore size, density, and connectivity; and three-dimensional configuration. Behavior of ceramics, a subset of tissue-engineering scaffold materials and a mainstay of dental restorations, has been studied extensively for very thin layers and for thicknesses greater than 2 mm. Until recently, little has been known about dentally relevant thickness of 1–2 mm. Results have been surprising and are continuing to develop. Still, at least one fundamental question remains that could be addressed by informatics techniques: Where, along the spectrum of flat-polished material to 10-year clinical in vivo study, can we test to predict clinical performance of all-ceramic crowns accurately?

scholarly journals Heidelberg-mCT-Analyzer: a novel method for standardized microcomputed-tomography-guided evaluation of scaffold properties in bone and tissue research

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 150496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Westhauser ◽  
Christian Weis ◽  
Melanie Hoellig ◽  
Tyler Swing ◽  
Gerhard Schmidmaier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Characteristic Parameter ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Independent Analysis ◽  
Scaffold Properties

Bone tissue engineering and bone scaffold development represent two challenging fields in orthopaedic research. Micro-computed tomography (mCT) allows non-invasive measurement of these scaffolds’ properties in vivo . However, the lack of standardized mCT analysis protocols and, therefore, the protocols’ user-dependency make interpretation of the reported results difficult. To overcome these issues in scaffold research, we introduce the Heidelberg-mCT-Analyzer. For evaluation of our technique, we built 10 bone-inducing scaffolds, which underwent mCT acquisition before ectopic implantation (T0) in mice, and at explantation eight weeks thereafter (T1). The scaffolds’ three-dimensional reconstructions were automatically segmented using fuzzy clustering with fully automatic level-setting. The scaffold itself and its pores were then evaluated for T0 and T1. Analysing the scaffolds’ characteristic parameter set with our quantification method showed bone formation over time. We were able to demonstrate that our algorithm obtained the same results for basic scaffold parameters (e.g. scaffold volume, pore number and pore volume) as other established analysis methods. Furthermore, our algorithm was able to analyse more complex parameters, such as pore size range, tissue mineral density and scaffold surface. Our imaging and post-processing strategy enables standardized and user-independent analysis of scaffold properties, and therefore is able to improve the quantitative evaluations of scaffold-associated bone tissue-engineering projects.

scholarly journals Titanium oral implants: surface characteristics, interface biology and clinical outcome

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (suppl_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Palmquist ◽  
Omar M. Omar ◽  
Marco Esposito ◽  
Jukka Lausmaa ◽  
Peter Thomsen
Keyword(s):  
Surface Properties ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
Material Surface ◽  
Oral Implants

Bone-anchored titanium implants have revolutionized oral healthcare. Surface properties of oral titanium implants play decisive roles for molecular interactions, cellular response and bone regeneration. Nevertheless, the role of specific surface properties, such as chemical and phase composition and nanoscale features, for the biological in vivo performance remains to be established. Partly, this is due to limited transfer of state-of-the-art preparation techniques to complex three-dimensional geometries, analytical tools and access to minute, intact interfacial layers. As judged by the available results of a few randomized clinical trials, there is no evidence that any particular type of oral implant has superior long-term success. Important insights into the recruitment of mesenchymal stem cells, cell–cell communication at the interface and high-resolution imaging of the interface between the surface oxide and the biological host are prerequisites for the understanding of the mechanisms of osseointegration. Strategies for development of the next generation of material surface modifications for compromised tissue are likely to include time and functionally programmed properties, pharmacological modulation and incorporation of cellular components.

scholarly journals Encapsulation of Rat Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Alginate Dialdehyde/Gelatin Microbeads with and without Nanoscaled Bioactive Glass for In Vivo Bone Tissue Engineering

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrike Rottensteiner-Brandl ◽  
Rainer Detsch ◽  
Bapi Sarker ◽  
Lara Lingens ◽  
Katrin Köhn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Cell Survival ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Immune Reaction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Cell ◽  
Rat Bone

Alginate dialdehyde (ADA), gelatin, and nano-scaled bioactive glass (nBG) particles are being currently investigated for their potential use as three-dimensional scaffolding materials for bone tissue engineering. ADA and gelatin provide a three-dimensional scaffold with properties supporting cell adhesion and proliferation. Combined with nanocristalline BG, this composition closely mimics the mineral phase of bone. In the present study, rat bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), commonly used as an osteogenic cell source, were evaluated after encapsulation into ADA-gelatin hydrogel with and without nBG. High cell survival was found in vitro for up to 28 days with or without addition of nBG assessed by calcein staining, proving the cell-friendly encapsulation process. After subcutaneous implantation into rats, survival was assessed by DAPI/TUNEL fluorescence staining. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining for the macrophage marker ED1 (CD68) and the endothelial cell marker lectin were used to evaluate immune reaction and vascularization. After in vivo implantation, high cell survival was found after 1 week, with a notable decrease after 4 weeks. Immune reaction was very mild, proving the biocompatibility of the material. Angiogenesis in implanted constructs was significantly improved by cell encapsulation, compared to cell-free beads, as the implanted MSCs were able to attract endothelial cells. Constructs with nBG showed higher numbers of vital MSCs and lectin positive endothelial cells, thus showing a higher degree of angiogenesis, although this difference was not significant. These results support the use of ADA/gelatin/nBG as a scaffold and of MSCs as a source of osteogenic cells for bone tissue engineering. Future studies should however improve long term cell survival and focus on differentiation potential of encapsulated cells in vivo.

Tough Double-Network Hydrogels as Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering

2012 ◽  
pp. 213-222
Author(s):  
Jing Jing Yang ◽  
Jian Fang Liu ◽  
Takayuki Kurokawa ◽  
Nobuto Kitamura ◽  
Kazunori Yasuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cartilage Regeneration ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Embryoid Bodies ◽  
Living Tissue ◽  
Double Network ◽  
Dimensional Network

Hydrogels are used as scaffolds for tissue engineering in vitro & in vivo because their three-dimensional network structure and viscoelasticity are similar to those of the macromolecular-based extracellular matrix (ECM) in living tissue. Especially, the synthetic hydrogels with controllable and reproducible properties were used as scaffolds to study the behaviors of cells in vitro and implanted test in vivo. In this review, two different structurally designed hydrogels, single-network (SN) hydrogels and double-network (DN) hydrogels, were used as scaffolds. The behavior of two cell types, anchorage-dependent cells and anchorage-independent cells, and the differentiation behaviors of embryoid bodies (EBs) were investigated on these hydrogels. Furthermore, the behavior of chondrocytes on DN hydrogels in vitro and the spontaneous cartilage regeneration induced by DN hydrogels in vivo was examined.

Application of Microbial Polyesters-Polyhydroxyalkanoates as Tissue Engineering Materials

2005 ◽  
Vol 288-289 ◽  
pp. 437-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo Qiang Chen ◽  
Qiong Wu ◽  
Ya Wu Wang ◽  
Zhong Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Surface Properties ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Material Surface ◽  
New Class ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
Cartilage Cells ◽  
Engineering Materials

Poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHHx) has improved mechanical properties over the existing PHA and our results have shown that PHBHHx has better biocompatibility over polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and polylactic acid (PLA). Surface treatment with lipases dramatically changed the material surface properties and increased the biocompatibility of the PHBHHx. PHBHHx and its PHB blends had been used to make three dimensional structures and it has been found that cartilage, osteoblast, and fibroblasts all showed strong growth on the PHBHHx scaffolds. The growth was much better compared with PLA. The molecular studies also showed that mRNA encoding cartilages were strongly expressed when cartilage cells were grown on the PHBHHx. As PHBHHx has strong mechanical properties, easily processible and biodegradable, this material can be used to develop a new class of tissue engineering materials.

scholarly journals Tissue-engineered Oral Mucosa

2012 ◽  
Vol 91 (7) ◽  
pp. 642-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Moharamzadeh ◽  
H. Colley ◽  
C. Murdoch ◽  
V. Hearnden ◽  
W.L. Chai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Dental Materials ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Bacterial Invasion ◽  
Graft Material ◽  
Oral Diseases

Advances in tissue engineering have permitted the three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of human oral mucosa for various in vivo and in vitro applications. Tissue-engineered oral mucosa have been further optimized in recent years for clinical applications as a suitable graft material for intra-oral and extra-oral repair and treatment of soft-tissue defects. Novel 3D in vitro models of oral diseases such as cancer, Candida, and bacterial invasion have been developed as alternatives to animal models for investigation of disease phenomena, their progression, and treatment, including evaluation of drug delivery systems. The introduction of 3D oral mucosal reconstructs has had a significant impact on the approaches to biocompatibility evaluation of dental materials and oral healthcare products as well as the study of implant-soft tissue interfaces. This review article discusses the recent advances in tissue engineering and applications of tissue-engineered human oral mucosa.

Preparation of Electrospun Poly(ε-caprolactone)/Poly(trimethylene carbonate) Blend Scaffold for In Situ Vascular Tissue Engineering

2012 ◽  
Vol 629 ◽  
pp. 60-63
Author(s):  
Tao Jiang ◽  
Guo Quan Zhang ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Ji Na Xun
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Vascular Graft ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Electrospinning Process ◽  
Vascular Tissue Engineering ◽  
Trimethylene Carbonate ◽  
Scaffold Materials ◽  
Degradation Time

In the active field of vascular graft research, in situ vascular tissue engineering is a novel concept. This approach aims to use biodegradable synthetic materials. After implantation, the synthetic material progressively degrades and should be replaced by autologous cells. Poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) is often used for vascular graft because of its good mechanical strength and its biocompatibility. It is easily processed into micro and nano-fibers by electrospinning to form a porous, cell-friendly scaffold. However, the degradation time of polycaprolactone is too long to match the tissue regeneration time. In this study, poly (ε-caprolactone) /poly (trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC) blend scaffold materials have been prepared for biodegradable vascular graft using an electrospinning process. Because the degradation time of PTMC is shorter than PCL in vivo. The morphological characters of PCL/PTMC blend scaffold materials were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The molecular components and some physical characteristics of the blend scaffold materials were tested by FT-IR and DSC analysis.

Comparison on the Osteogenesis Potential between Poly(lactide-Co-Glycolide) and Alginate as Bone Tissue Engineering Scaffold In Vivo

2007 ◽  
Vol 330-332 ◽  
pp. 1173-1176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cai Li ◽  
Run Liang Chen ◽  
Lei Liu ◽  
Yun Feng Lin ◽  
Wei Dong Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow Stromal Cells ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Tissue Engineering Scaffold ◽  
Autogenous Bone ◽  
Mechanical Characters

Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) and alginate(AG) are the most promising scaffolds in the bone tissue engineering for their stable mechanical characters and three-dimensional porous structure. This study aimed to assay the in vivo osteogenesis potentials by loading the autogenous bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) on PLGA or AG. The results suggested that PLGA and AG are both ideal bone tissue engineering scaffold. BMSCs/AG has stronger osteogenesis potentials in vivo than BMSCs/PLGA.

Requirements for the Manufacturing of Scaffold Biomaterial With Features at Multiple Scales

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. M. Sebastine ◽  
D. J. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Complex Function ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Orientation ◽  
Length Scales

Tissue engineering aims to restore the complex function of diseased tissue using cells and scaffold materials. Tissue engineering scaffolds are three-dimensional (3D) structures that assist in the tissue engineering process by providing a site for cells to attach, proliferate, differentiate and secrete an extra-cellular matrix, eventually leading cells to form a neo-tissue of predetermined, three-dimensional shape and size. For a scaffold to function effectively, it must possess the optimum structural parameters conducive to the cellular activities that lead to tissue formation; these include cell penetration and migration into the scaffold, cell attachment onto the scaffold substrate, cell spreading and proliferation and cell orientation. In vivo, cells are organized in functional tissue units that repeat on the order of 100 μm. Fine scaffold features have been shown to provide control over attachment, migration and differentiation of cells. In order to design such 3D featured constructs effectively understanding the biological response of cells across length scales from nanometer to millimeter range is crucial. Scaffold biomaterials may need to be tailored at three different length scales: nanostructure (<1μm), microstructure (<20–100μm), and macrostructure (>100μm) to produce biocompatible and biofunctional scaffolds that closely resemble the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the natural tissue environment and promote cell adhesion, attachment, spreading, orientation, rate of movement, and activation. Identification of suitable fabrication techniques for manufacturing scaffolds with the required features at multiple scales is a significant challenge. This review highlights the effect and importance of the features of scaffolds that can influence the behaviour of cells/tissue at different length scales in vitro to increase our understanding of the requirements for the manufacture of functional 3D tissue constructs.

Application of Tissue Engineering Techniques for Rotator Cuff Regeneration Using a Chitosan-Based Hyaluronan Hybrid Fiber Scaffold

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1193-1201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadanao Funakoshi ◽  
Tokifumi Majima ◽  
Norimasa Iwasaki ◽  
Naoki Suenaga ◽  
Naohiro Sawaguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Rotator Cuff ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Type I Collagen ◽  
Tangent Modulus ◽  
Rotator Cuff Tears ◽  
Type I ◽  
Scaffold Materials ◽  
Novel Scaffold

Background The current surgical procedures for irreparable rotator cuff tears have considerable limitations. Tissue engineering techniques using novel scaffold materials offer potential alternatives for managing these conditions. Hypothesis A chitosan-based hyaluronan hybrid scaffold could enhance type I collagen products with seeded fibroblasts and thereby increase the mechanical strength of regenerated tendon in vivo. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods The scaffolds were created from chitosan-based hyaluronan hybrid polymer fibers. Forty-eight rabbit infraspinatus tendons and their humeral insertions were removed to create defects. Each defect was covered with a fibroblast-seeded scaffold (n = 16) or a non-fibroblast-seeded scaffold (n = 16). In the other 16 shoulders, the rotator cuff defect was left free as the control. At 4 and 12 weeks after surgery, the engineered tendons were assessed by histological, immunohistochemical (n = 2), and biomechanical (n = 6) analyses. Results Type I collagen was only seen in the fibroblast-seeded scaffold and increased in the regenerated tissue. The tensile strength and tangent modulus in the fibroblast-seeded scaffold were significantly improved from 4 to 12 weeks postoperatively. The fibroblast-seeded scaffold had a significantly greater tangent modulus than did the non-fibroblast-seeded scaffold and the control at 12 weeks. Conclusion This scaffold material enhanced the production of type I collagen and led to improved mechanical strength in the regenerated tissues of the rotator cuff in vivo. Clinical Relevance Rotator cuff regeneration is feasible using this tissue engineering technique.

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