scholarly journals Validation of a Speed-Based Classification System Using Quantitative Measures of Walking Performance Poststroke

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 672-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark G. Bowden ◽  
Chitralakshmi K. Balasubramanian ◽  
Andrea L. Behrman ◽  
Steven A. Kautz
Keyword(s):  
Classification System ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Walking Behavior ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Walking Performance ◽  
Post Hoc

Background. For clinical trials in stroke rehabilitation, self-selected walking speed has been used to stratify persons to predict functional walking status and to define clinical meaningfulness of changes. However, this stratification was validated primarily using self-report questionnaires. Objective. This study aims to validate the speed-based classification system with quantitative measures of walking performance. Methods. A total of 59 individuals who had hemiparesis for more than 6 months after stroke participated in this study. Spatiotemporal and kinetic measures included the percentage of total propulsion generated by the paretic leg (Pp), the percentage of the stride length accounted for by the paretic leg step length (PSR), and the percentage of the gait cycle spent in paretic preswing (PPS). Additional measures included the synergy portion of the Fugl-Meyer Assessment and the average number of steps/day in the home and community measured with a step activity monitor. Participants were stratified by self-selected gait speed into 3 groups: household (<0.4 m/s), limited community (0.4-0.8 m/s), and community (>0.8 m/s) ambulators. Group differences were analyzed using a Kruskal—Wallis H test with rank sums test post hoc analyses. Results. Analyses demonstrated a main effect in all measures, but only steps/day and PPS demonstrated a significant difference between all 3 groups. Conclusions. Classifying individuals poststroke by self-selected walking speed is associated with home and community-based walking behavior as quantified by daily step counts. In addition, PPS distinguishes all 3 groups. Pp differentiates the moderate from the fast groups and may represent a contribution to mechanisms of increasing walking speed. Speed classification presents a useful yet simple mechanism to stratify subjects poststroke and may be mechanically linked to changes in PPS.

scholarly journals Using Wearable Cameras to Assess Foods and Beverages Omitted in 24 Hour Dietary Recalls and a Text Entry Food Record App

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1806
Author(s):  
Virginia Chan ◽  
Alyse Davies ◽  
Lyndal Wellard-Cole ◽  
Silvia Lu ◽  
Hoi Ng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Fats And Oils ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Smartphone App ◽  
Food Record ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Paired T Test

Technology-enhanced methods of dietary assessment may still face common limitations of self-report. This study aimed to assess foods and beverages omitted when both a 24 h recall and a smartphone app were used to assess dietary intake compared with camera images. For three consecutive days, young adults (18–30 years) wore an Autographer camera that took point-of-view images every 30 seconds. Over the same period, participants reported their diet in the app and completed daily 24 h recalls. Camera images were reviewed for food and beverages, then matched to the items reported in the 24 h recall and app. ANOVA (with post hoc analysis using Tukey Honest Significant Difference) and paired t-test were conducted. Discretionary snacks were frequently omitted by both methods (p < 0.001). Water was omitted more frequently in the app than in the camera images (p < 0.001) and 24 h recall (p < 0.001). Dairy and alternatives (p = 0.001), sugar-based products (p = 0.007), savoury sauces and condiments (p < 0.001), fats and oils (p < 0.001) and alcohol (p = 0.002) were more frequently omitted in the app than in the 24 h recall. The use of traditional self-report methods of assessing diet remains problematic even with the addition of technology and finding new objective methods that are not intrusive and are of low burden to participants remains a challenge.

scholarly journals B-56 Personal and Family Psychiatric Histories and Self-Report of Post-Concussive Symptoms in Concussed Children and Adolescents with Prolonged Recovery

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1002-1002
Author(s):  
K Hassara ◽  
D Pulsipher ◽  
L Stanford ◽  
B Schneider ◽  
E Krapf
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Psychiatric History ◽  
Targeted Intervention ◽  
Clinical Database ◽  
Duration Of Symptoms ◽  
Prolonged Recovery ◽  
Concussion Recovery ◽  
Post Hoc

Abstract Objective This study seeks to examine whether personal psychiatric history (PPH) and/or family psychiatric history (FPH) are related to prolonged concussion recovery and increased post-concussive symptoms (PCs) in concussed children and adolescents. We hypothesized that individuals with PPH/FPH would endorse a greater number of and more severe PCs relative to those with concussion only or concussion with either PPH or FPH. Methods Data from 255 concussed 8 to 18-year-olds (median = 15.50 years, range = 10.25 years) were retrospectively examined from a clinical database excluding patients with confounding medical comorbidities. PCs (i.e., total symptom count and severity [frequency, intensity, and duration of symptoms]) were compared among four groups (concussion only [n = 80], concussion + PPH [n = 14], concussion + FPH [n = 125], and concussion + PPH/FPH [n = 36]) using a multivariate Kruskal-Wallis test and post-hoc Mann-Whitney U tests. Results The omnibus analysis indicated group differences for injury interval (p = 0.05) and PCs severity (p = 0.002). Post-hoc analyses indicated patients with concussion + PPH/FPH reported greater PCs severity than those with concussion only (U = 726.00, p = 0.0001, r = 0.36) and those with concussion + FPH (U = 1203.00, p = 0.003, r = 0.23). Injury interval was greater for patients with concussion + FPH than those with concussion alone (U = 3474.50, p = 0.007, r = 0.19). Other group differences were non-significant. Conclusions All groups reported a similar number of PCs. FPH contributes to severity of symptoms when combined with PPH. PPH alone did not significantly affect PCs severity. Findings suggest that providers should screen for both PPH and FPH at the time of concussion diagnosis. Early identification of risk factors may lead to targeted intervention, therefore reducing persistent PCs.

scholarly journals Contextual Information Modulates Pupil Size in Autistic and Non-Autistic Children.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Tortelli ◽  
Antonella Pomè ◽  
Marco Turi ◽  
Roberta Igliozzi ◽  
David Charles Burr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparison Group ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Autistic Children ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background. Recent Bayesian models suggest that perception is more “data-driven” and less dependent on contextual information in autistic individuals than others. However, experimental tests of this hypothesis have given mixed results, possibly due to the lack of objectivity of the self-report methods typically employed. Here we introduce an objective no-report paradigm based on pupillometry to assess the processing of contextual information in autistic children and a comparison clinical group.Methods. After validating (in a group of neurotypical adults) a child-friendly pupillometric paradigm, in which we embedded test images within an animation movie that participants watched passively, we compared pupillary response to images of the sun and meaningless control images in children with autism versus age- and IQ-matched children presenting developmental disorders unrelated to the autistic spectrum. Results. Both clinical groups showed stronger pupillary constriction for the sun images compared with control images, like the neurotypical adults. There was no detectable difference between autistic children and the comparison group (in spite of a significant difference in pupillary light responses, enhanced in the autistic group). Limitations: Having found no statistically significant differences between groups, we cannot exclude that group differences existed but were too small to be detected – a critique that applies to most negative findings. Additional limitations concern the heterogeneous composition of the comparison group and the types of stimuli tested, which only allowed for studying the effect of context on relatively complex perceptual processes. Conclusions: Our report introduces an objective technique for studying perception in clinical samples and children. The lack of statistically significant group differences in our tests suggests that autistic children and the comparison group do not show large differences in perception of these stimuli. This opens the way to further studies testing contextual processing at other levels of perception.

scholarly journals Effective Velopharyngeal Ratio: A More Clinically Relevant Measure of Velopharyngeal Function

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 3586-3593
Author(s):  
Abigail E. Haenssler ◽  
Xiangming Fang ◽  
Jamie L. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Pairwise Comparisons ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Velopharyngeal Function ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Adjacent Group

Purpose Velopharyngeal (VP) ratios are commonly used to study normal VP anatomy and normal VP function. An effective VP (EVP) ratio may be a more appropriate indicator of normal parameters for speech. The aims of this study are to examine if the VP ratio is preserved across the age span or if it varies with changes in the VP portal and to analyze if the EVP ratio is more stable across the age span. Method Magnetic resonance imaging was used to analyze VP variables of 270 participants. For statistical analysis, the participants were divided into the following groups based on age: infants, children, adolescents, and adults. Analyses of variance and a Games–Howell post hoc test were used to compare variables between groups. Results There was a statistically significant difference ( p < .05) in all measurements between the age groups. Pairwise comparisons reported statistically significant adjacent group differences ( p < .05) for velar length, VP ratio, effective velar length, adenoid depth, and pharyngeal depth. No statistically significant differences between adjacent age groups were reported for the EVP ratio. Conclusions Results from this study report the EVP ratio was not statistically significant between adjacent age groups, whereas the VP ratio was statistically significant between adjacent age groups. This study suggests that the EVP ratio is more correlated to VP function than the VP ratio and provides a more stable and consistent ratio of VP function across the age span.

Analysis of the NWAA Swimming Classification System

1992 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gale M. Gehlsen ◽  
Joan Karpuk
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Class V ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Data Analyses ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Medical Classification ◽  
Post Hoc

This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the National Wheelchair Athletic Association (NWAA) classification system in swimming events. The NWAA records of freestyle, butterfly, and backstroke in nine classifications of both male and female athletes were used (N=1,256). Each athlete’s speed was calculated from the reported time and distance. There was a significant difference in classification for all events except the paraplegic 50- and 100-m backstroke events. Post hoc data analyses within classification for the 50- and 100-m freestyle events indicated significant differences among all paraplegic classifications. Post hoc data analyses within classifications for the 50-m butterfly event indicated significant differences among all paraplegic classes except Class V and Class VI athletes. Tetraplegic within classification post hoc data analyses indicated significant differences between 1A and both Classes 1B and 1C. Gender differences were statistically indicated for all events. The logic of the medical classification system of the NWAA cannot be totally supported by these data. However, the results do not offer clear direction for any combination of classes.

scholarly journals The 400-Meter Walk Test to Evaluate Walking Performance between Diabetics and Healthy Females

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 84-95
Author(s):  
Ronald Pakasi ◽  
Angela BM Tulaar ◽  
Sarwono Waspadji ◽  
Corrie Wawolumaya
Keyword(s):  
Walking Speed ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Walk Test ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Walking Performance ◽  
Female Subjects

Objective: to evaluate walking performance in female with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) with the 400-meters walk test (400-MWT) compared to healthy individuals.Methods: two groups of female subjects with DM2 and healthy individuals were matched by the age. The 400-MWT parameters to be compared were walking speed (WS) and predicted maximum oxygenconsumption (pVO2max). Baseline examination included body mass index (BMI), random blood glucose (RBG), and ankle-brachial index (ABI). All subjects performed 2 minutes warm up before thetest. Heart rate (HR) was recorded every 30 seconds, and blood pressure (BP) was measured before warm up and within 60 seconds after test. The test was performed twice on a different day.Results: Nineteen subjects on each group participated in the study. The mean WS was significantly different (p<0.0001) between the study group (1.26 + 0.19 and 1.31 + 0.17 m/s) and the control group(1.70 + 0.20 and 1.78 + 0.24 m/s) for the first and second tests respectively. There was a significant difference of mean pVO2max (p<0.0001) between the study group (17.22 + 2.94 and 17.99 + 2.36 ml/kg/min) and the control group (23.68 + 3.79 and 24.44 + 3.74 ml/kg/min).Conclusion: the 400-MWT demonstrated lower walking performance in female subjects with DM2 compared to healthy individuals.Keywords: Type 2 DM, healthy individuals, 400 meter walk test, walking speed, VO2max.

scholarly journals Walking Speed Reliably Measures Clinically Significant Changes in Gait by Directional Deep Brain Stimulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher P. Hurt ◽  
Daniel J. Kuhman ◽  
Barton L. Guthrie ◽  
Carla R. Lima ◽  
Melissa Wade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Subthalamic Nucleus ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Therapeutic Window ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gait Dysfunction ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Deep Brain

Introduction: Although deep brain stimulation (DBS) often improves levodopa-responsive gait symptoms, robust therapies for gait dysfunction from Parkinson's disease (PD) remain a major unmet need. Walking speed could represent a simple, integrated tool to assess DBS efficacy but is often not examined systematically or quantitatively during DBS programming. Here we investigate the reliability and functional significance of changes in gait by directional DBS in the subthalamic nucleus.Methods: Nineteen patients underwent unilateral subthalamic nucleus DBS surgery with an eight-contact directional lead (1-3-3-1 configuration) in the most severely affected hemisphere. They arrived off dopaminergic medications &gt;12 h preoperatively and for device activation 1 month after surgery. We measured a comfortable walking speed using an instrumented walkway with DBS off and at each of 10 stimulation configurations (six directional contacts, two virtual rings, and two circular rings) at the midpoint of the therapeutic window. Repeated measures of ANOVA contrasted preoperative vs. maximum and minimum walking speeds across DBS configurations during device activation. Intraclass correlation coefficients examined walking speed reliability across the four trials within each DBS configuration. We also investigated whether changes in walking speed related to modification of step length vs. cadence with a one-sample t-test.Results: Mean comfortable walking speed improved significantly with DBS on vs. both DBS off and minimum speeds with DBS on (p &lt; 0.001, respectively). Pairwise comparisons showed no significant difference between DBS off and minimum comfortable walking speed with DBS on (p = 1.000). Intraclass correlations were ≥0.949 within each condition. Changes in comfortable walk speed were conferred primarily by changes in step length (p &lt; 0.004).Conclusion: Acute assessment of walking speed is a reliable, clinically meaningful measure of gait function during DBS activation. Directional and circular unilateral subthalamic DBS in appropriate configurations elicit acute and clinically significant improvements in gait dysfunction related to PD. Next-generation directional DBS technologies have significant potential to enhance gait by individually tailoring stimulation parameters to optimize efficacy.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Effect of Corrective Exercises With and Without Suit Therapy on Gait Kinematic and Balance in Autism Children With Toe Walking

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 532-545
Author(s):  
Majid Khodadadi ◽  
◽  
Hooman Minoonejad ◽  
Yusef Moghadas Tabrizi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stride Length ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Therapy Group ◽  
Movement Analysis ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Step Width ◽  
Autistic Children ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hip Flexion ◽  
Toe Walking

Background and Aims: Autism is an evolutional syndrome that causes social and interactional disorders and changes movement patterns. Corrective exercises can positively affect gait and balance in autistic children. The suit therapy is jointed with hooks and elastic bands that balance pressure and support muscles and joints. This study compares the effect of corrective exercise with and without suit therapy on gait kinematic and balance in autistic children with toe walking. Methods: A group of 30 autistic boys with toe walking (Mean±SD: age= 5.7±1.7 years, height= 106.4±19.5 cm, and weight= 20.8±5.8 kg) were chosen voluntarily and purposefully in this study and then randomly assigned into two groups of with and without suit therapy. Both groups received 8 weeks of corrective exercises, including 5 sessions per week, each session for 2 hours. The cases gait kinematic (Tree dimensional movement analysis) and balance (Tinetti) were evaluated in the pre and posttest. Paired and independent t-test were used for statistical analyses using SPSS v. 16. Results: The result revealed a significant difference in the gait kinematic between the two groups. Treatment in the corrective exercises group with suit therapy was significantly more effective in stride length (P=0.001), step length (P=0.001), step width (P=0.021), walking speed (P=0.001), ankle dorsiflexion in stance (P=0.001), and swing (P=0.001) phase than that corrective exercises without suit therapy group. But between these two groups, no significant difference was observed in stride time (P=0.444), cadence (P=0.361), deviation foot (P=0.614), and hip flexion (P=0.135). The results of the study also showed no significant difference in balance (P=0.927) between groups. Conclusion: Corrective exercises with suit therapy are more effective than ones without suit therapy. Therefore, corrective exercises sessions with suit therapy are suggested for autistic boys with toe walking.

Enhancing the Evidence Base for Irish Female Youth Participation in Physical Activity—The Development of the Gaelic4Girls Program

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orlagh Farmer ◽  
Donna Duffy ◽  
Kevin Cahill ◽  
Diarmuid Lester ◽  
Sarahjane Belton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Youth ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Health Sport ◽  
Post Hoc

The purpose of the current research was to gather baseline data on female youth to inform the development of a targeted physical activity (PA) and sports-based intervention, specifically identified as “Gaelic4Girls”. Cross-sectional data on PA levels, psychological correlates of PA, anthropometric characteristics, and the fundamental movement skill (FMS) proficiency of female youth (n = 331; M age 10.92±1.22) were collected. A subsample (n = 37) participated in focus group (FG) interviews exploring perceptions of health/sport, and identifying barriers/motivators to participation. PA levels were assessed using self-report (PA Questionnaire for Older Children) and classified as low, moderate, and high active. One- and two-way ANOVAs (post hoc Tukey honest significant difference [HSD]) were used to analyze the data. The FGs were transcribed verbatim, coded, and thematically analyzed. Findings indicated that the majority of youth (71.8%) were not meeting the minimum daily PA recommendations for health, and that 98.1% did not achieve the FMS proficiency expected for their age. Low, moderately, and highly active participants differ significantly in terms of overall FMS (p = .03), and locomotor control scores (p = .03). FG findings report fun and friendship as key PA motivators, too much competitiveness as barriers, and positive outside encouragement from family/friends/coaches as facilitators encouraging PA engagement. Findings highlight the need for targeting low levels of PA, FMS proficiency in female youth sport interventions, through addressing self-efficacy levels, inclusive of fun, and socially-stimulating PA environments.

Biopsychological Markers of Distress in Informal Caregivers

2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Lindsey Davis ◽  
Michael Weaver ◽  
Edward Zamrini ◽  
Alan Stevens ◽  
Duck-Hee Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Biological Marker ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Caregiver Distress ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pencil And Paper

Background. Thirty caregiving wives participated in a study of caregiving distress and negative mood (depressive symptoms) by making diary entries on stressful caregiving situations and collecting saliva samples 4 times a day. At the end of the 7-day study period, caregivers’ salivary cortisol production was compared with their diary entries and correlated with pencil and paper self-report scores of caregiver distress and depressive symptoms.Findings. Despite the inability to control a number of factors thought to confound cortisol production (exercise, smoking, alcohol ingestion, and prescription medications), there was a statistically significant difference between No Caregiving and Caregiving cortisol, F( 1,739) = 7.67, P = 0.006, with cortisol production higher when caregiving events occurred. However, efforts to code specific types of caregiving situations (e.g., 1 = indirect care; 4 = AD problem behavior care) did not further differentiate cortisol production. Although caregivers’ self-reports for the same 7-day period indicated they were depressed, pencil-and-paper measures of distress and negative affect were not significantly correlated with cortisol production.Conclusions and Recommendations. The finding that this caregiving group was significantly stressed by caregiving, as evidenced by increased cortisol production during caregiving episodes, verifies the importance of further exploration of specific caregiving situations as contributory factors in caregiver health and well-being. In that saliva is a relatively economical and comparatively noninvasive biological data source for community-based stress studies, methodological limitations of the study are identified and 5 recommendations are made for future biological marker studies of caregiver distress in community-based settings.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document