scholarly journals Robust Axonal Regeneration in a Mouse Vascularized Composite Allotransplant Model Undergoing Delayed Tissue Rejection

Hand ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 456-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Yan ◽  
Matthew D. Wood ◽  
Amy M. Moore ◽  
Alison K. Snyder-Warwick ◽  
Daniel A. Hunter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Axonal Regeneration ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Myelinated Axon ◽  
Nerve Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Tissue Rejection

Background: Nerve regeneration in vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) is not well understood. Allogeneic transplant models experience complete loss of nerve tissue and axonal regeneration without immunosuppressive therapy. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of incomplete immunosuppression on nerve regeneration. Methods: In this study, transgenic mice (4 groups in total) with endogenous fluorescent protein expression in axons (Thy1-YFP) and Schwann cells (S100-GFP) were used to evaluate axonal regeneration and Schwann cell (SC) migration in orthotopic-limb VCA models with incomplete immunosuppression using Tacrolimus (FK506). Survival and complication rates were assessed to determine the extent of tissue rejection. Nerve regeneration was assessed using serial imaging of axonal progression and SC migration and viability. Histomorphometry quantified the extent of axonal regeneration. Results: Incomplete immunosuppression with FK506 resulted in delayed rejection of skin, muscle, tendon, and bone in the transplanted limb. In contrast, the nerve demonstrated robust axonal regeneration and SC viability based on strong fluorescent protein expression by SCs and axons in transgenic donors and recipients. Total myelinated axon numbers measured at 8 weeks were comparable in all VCA groups and not statistically different from the syngeneic donor control group. Conclusions: Our data suggest that nerve and SCs are much weaker antigens compared with skin, muscle, tendon, and bone in VCA. To our knowledge, this study is the first to prove the weak antigenicity of nerve tissue in the orthotopic VCA mouse model.

scholarly journals Effect of Cryopreservation on Proteins from the Ubiquitous Marine Dinoflagellate Breviolum sp. (Family Symbiodiniaceae)

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1731
Author(s):  
Hsing-Hui Li ◽  
Jia-Lin Lu ◽  
Hui-Esther Lo ◽  
Sujune Tsai ◽  
Chiahsin Lin
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Coral Host ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Coral reefs around the world are exposed to thermal stress from climate change, disrupting the delicate symbiosis between the coral host and its symbionts. Cryopreservation is an indispensable tool for the preservation of species, as well as the establishment of a gene bank. However, the development of cryopreservation techniques for application to symbiotic algae is limited, in addition to the scarceness of related studies on the molecular level impacts post-thawing. Hence, it is essential to set up a suitable freezing protocol for coral symbionts, as well as to analyze its cryo-injury at the molecular level. The objective of this study was to develop a suitable protocol for the coral symbiont Breviolum subjected to two-step freezing. The thawed Breviolum were then cultured for 3, 7, 14, and 28 days before they were analyzed by Western blot for protein expression, light-harvesting protein (LHP), and red fluorescent protein (RFP) and tested by adenosine triphosphate bioassay for cell viability. The results showed the highest cell viability for thawed Breviolum that was treated with 2 M propylene glycol (PG) and 2 M methanol (MeOH) and equilibrated with both cryoprotectants for 30 min and 20 min. Both treatment groups demonstrated a significant increase in cell population after 28 days of culture post-thawing, especially for the MeOH treatment group, whose growth rate was twice of the PG treatment group. Regarding protein expression, the total amounts of each type of protein were significantly affected by cryopreservation. After 28 days of culture, the protein expression for the MeOH treatment group showed no significant difference to that of the control group, whereas the protein expression for the PG treatment group showed a significant difference. Breviolum that were frozen with MeOH recovered faster upon thawing than those frozen with PG. LHP was positively and RFP was negatively correlated with Symbiodiniaceae viability and so could serve as health-informing biomarkers. This work represents the first time to document it in Symbiodiniaceae, and this study established a suitable protocol for the cryopreservation of Breviolum and further refined the current understanding of the impact of low temperature on its protein expression. By gaining further understanding of the use of cryopreservation as a way to conserve Symbiodiniaceae, we hope to make an effort in the remediation and conservation of the coral reef ecosystem and provide additional methods to rescue coral reefs.

scholarly journals Conditionally Essential Amino Acid Supplementation Reduces Postoperative Muscle Wasting in Orthopedic Trauma Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1135-1135
Author(s):  
Aspen Miller ◽  
Nathan Hendrickson ◽  
John Davison ◽  
Erin Wilson ◽  
Natalie Glass ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Muscle Wasting ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Metabolic Demand ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives Increased metabolic demand and inadequate oral intake after musculoskeletal trauma results in catabolic skeletal muscle wasting, which limits potential for functional recovery after injury. This study compared standard perioperative nutrition and oral supplementation with conditionally essential amino acids (CEAA) on changes in lean body mass after operative fixation of acute fractures. Methods Patients sustaining operative pelvis and extremity fractures presenting to a Level 1 trauma center were prospectively enrolled in a single blinded-randomized clinical trial. Demographics, injury classification, and comorbidities were collected at baseline. Fat Free Mass (FFM) was measured within 72 hours of surgery using A-Mode Ultrasound. Patients were randomly chosen to receive standard nutrition (Control) or standard nutrition plus an oral supplement (CEAA) containing 14 g of amino acids to be taken 2x daily for 2 weeks. FFM was re-assessed at 6 weeks and 3 months post-surgery. Statistical analysis was performed comparing Least Squared Mean FFM (P < .05). Results 222 subjects (Control: 112, CEAA: 120) were included in this analysis. There were no differences in age, gender, BMI, or baseline FFM between Control and CEAA subjects (all P > .05). Median supplement compliance was 22/28 servings (78.6%, sd ± 36.9%). At 6 weeks, average change in FFM among Controls was −1.28 kg (P = .004) and -.56 kg among CEAA (P = .19). Changes were not significant between groups (P = .23). At 12 weeks, there were non-significant changes in FFM from baseline in both groups (Controls: -.02 kg P = .96, CEAA: +.36 kg P = .44). From 6–12 weeks, FFM changes were + 1.26 kg (P = .012) and + .91 kg (P = .06) respectively. Conclusions Patients randomized to standard nutrition had significant FFM loss compared to those receiving additional CEAA supplementation 6 weeks after surgery. At 12 weeks, the control group decreased FFM further from baseline while the CEAA group mostly recovered their loss. Although 12-week FFM changes were not significant, results indicate CEAA supplementation prevents FFM loss in the acute post-operative phase. Further investigation is needed to compare FFM changes, clinical outcomes, complication rates, and the impact of baseline nutrition status. Funding Sources American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Board of Specialty Societies Quality and Patient Safety Action Fund.

scholarly journals Fascicular shifting: a novel technique to overcome large nerve defects

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 723-731
Author(s):  
Maria Hader ◽  
Matthias E. Sporer ◽  
Aidan D. Roche ◽  
Ewald Unger ◽  
Konstantin D. Bergmeister ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Motor Nerve ◽  
Donor Site ◽  
Sensory Nerve ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Nerve Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Experimental Group

OBJECTIVEOver the last decade, a number of authors have investigated the utility of different biological and synthetic matrices as alternatives to conventional nerve grafts. However, the autologous nerve graft remains the gold standard, even though it often involves using a pure sensory nerve to reconstruct a mixed or even a pure motor nerve. Furthermore, limited donor sites often necessitate a significant mismatch of needed nerve tissue, especially for large proximal nerve defects such as brachial plexus lesions. Here, the authors present a new technique that overcomes these problems: the fascicular shift procedure (FSP). A fascicular group of the nerve distal to the injury is harvested in a sufficient length to bridge the nerve defect.METHODSThe method of fascicular shifting was tested at the sciatic nerve in 45 Lewis rats. In the experimental group, a 15-mm nerve defect was created and reconstructed with a fascicular group that was harvested directly distal to the gap. This group was compared with 1 negative control group (defect without reconstruction) and 3 positive control groups (sensory, motor, and mixed graft). After 12 weeks of nerve regeneration, outcome was evaluated using retrograde labeling, histomorphometric analysis, and muscle force analysis.RESULTSAll reconstructed groups showed successful regeneration with various levels of function. The negative control group showed minimal force measurements that were of no functional value. The fascicular shift provided sufficient guidance to overcome nerve defects, had higher (p < 0.1) motor neuron counts (1958.75 ± 657.21) than the sensory graft (1263.50 ± 538.90), and was equal to motor grafts (1490.43 ± 794.80) and mixed grafts (1720.00 ± 866.421). This tendency of improved motor regeneration was confirmed in all analyses. The mixed graft group was compared with the experimental group to investigate the influence of the potential damage induced by the fascicular shift distal to the repair site. However, none of the analyses revealed an impairment of nerve regeneration for both the tibial and common peroneal index muscles.CONCLUSIONSThis study demonstrates that harvesting a transplant from the nerve segment distal to the injury site offers a mixed graft without causing additional donor-site morbidity. These grafts perform statistically better than a standard sensory graft in terms of motor recovery. The fascicular shift presents a novel method to reconstruct large proximal nerve defects, making it immensely attractive in brachial plexus reconstruction.

scholarly journals Pharmacological immunomodulation enhances peripheral nerve regeneration

2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 363-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Inoe ◽  
Francisco Carlos Pereira ◽  
Angelo João Stopiglia ◽  
Ciro Ferreira Da-Silva
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Myelinated Axon ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Myelinated Fiber ◽  
Peripheral Neurons ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Significant Difference

To assess the effect of N-Acetylmuramyl-L-Alanyl-D-Isoglutamine MDP topically administrated on the regenerating peripheral neurons, twelve male C57BL/6J adult mice were equally distributed into three groups. Four mice underwent unilateral sciatic nerve transection and polyethylene tubulization, with a 4mm gap between the proximal and distal nerve stumps and were implanted with collagen + PBS (COL). Other four animals underwent the same surgical procedure but received collagen + MDP (COL/MDP) inside the prosthesis. Four animals were not operated and served as control group (NOR). After 4 weeks, the regenerated nerve cables were processed for total myelinated axon counting and myelinated fiber diameter measurement. The L5 dorsal root ganglion (DRG) was also removed and sectioned for sensory neurons counting and measurement. The results revealed significant difference (p<0.05) in axonal counting among the groups NOR (4,355±32), COL (1,869±289) and COL/MDP (2,430±223). There was a significant reduction in the axonal diameter in the operated groups (COL=3.38µm±1.16 and COL/MDP=3.54µm±1.16) compared to NOR (6.19µm±2.45). No difference was found in the number of DRG neurons between the experimental groups (COL=564±51; COL/MDP=514±56), which presented fewer sensory neurons compared to NOR (1,097±142). Data obtained indicate that locally applied MDP stimulates peripheral nerve regeneration in mice.

scholarly journals Paeoniae albaRadix Promotes Peripheral Nerve Regeneration

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun-Shan Huang ◽  
Jaung-Geng Lin ◽  
Han-Chung Lee ◽  
Fuu-Jen Tsai ◽  
Da-Tian Bau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Myelinated Axon ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nerve Growth ◽  
Mean Values

The present study providesin vitroandin vivoevaluation ofPaeoniae albaRadix (PR) on peripheral nerve regeneration. In thein vitrostudy, we found the PR caused a marked enhancement of the nerve growth factor-mediated neurite outgrowth from PC12 cells as well as their expression of growth associated protein 43 and synapsin I. In thein vivostudy, silicone rubber chambers filled with the PR water extract were used to bridge a 10-mm sciatic nerve defect in rats. At the conclusion of 8 weeks, regenerated nerves in the PR groups, especially at 1.25 mg ml−1had a higher rate of successful regeneration across the wide gap, relatively larger mean values of total nerve area, myelinated axon count and blood vessel number, and a significantly larger nerve conductive velocity compared to the control group (P < .05). These results suggest that the PR extract can be a potential nerve growth-promoting factor, being salutary in aiding the growth of injured peripheral nerve.

Information and Communication Technology and Cultural Change

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 222-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Hansen ◽  
Tom Postmes ◽  
Nikita van der Vinne ◽  
Wendy van Thiel
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Information And Communication Technology ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Self Construal ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ict For Development ◽  
Practical Implications

This paper studies whether and how information and communication technology (ICT) changes self-construal and cultural values in a developing country. Ethiopian children were given laptops in the context of an ICT for development scheme. We compared children who used laptops (n = 69) with a control group without laptops (n = 76) and a second control group of children whose laptop had broken down (n = 24). Results confirmed that after 1 year of laptop usage, the children’s self-concept had become more independent and children endorsed individualist values more strongly. Interestingly, the impact of laptop usage on cultural values was mediated by self-construal (moderated mediation). Importantly, modernization did not “crowd out” traditional culture: ICT usage was not associated with a reduction in traditional expressions (interdependent self-construal, collectivist values). Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

A Newspaper’s Effect on the Strength of Automatic Associations in Memory

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Arendt
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Implicit Measure ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Treatment ◽  
Short Term Effect ◽  
Automatic Associations ◽  
Foreign Nationality ◽  
The Impact

A test was done to see if reading a newspaper which consistently overrepresents foreigners as criminals strengthens the automatic association between foreign country and criminal in memory (i.e., implicit cultivation). Further, an investigation was done to find out if reading articles from the same newspaper produces a short-term effect on the same measure and if (1) emotionalization of the newspaper texts, (2) emotional reactions of the reader (indicated by arousal), and (3) attributed text credibility moderate the short-term treatment effect. Eighty-five participants were assigned to one of three experimental conditions. Participants in the control group received short factual crime texts, where the nationality of the offender was not mentioned. Participants in the factual treatment group received the same texts, but the foreign nationality was mentioned. Participants in the emotionalized treatment group received emotionalized articles (i.e., texts which are high in vividness and frequency) covering the same crimes, with the foreign nationality mentioned. Supporting empirical evidence for implicit cultivation and a short-term effect was found. However, only emotionalized articles produced a short-term effect on the strength of the automatic association, indicating that newspaper texts must have a minimum of stimulus intensity to overcome an effect threshold. There were no moderating effects of arousal or credibility pertaining to the impact on the implicit measure. However, credibility moderated the short-term effect on a first-order judgment (i.e., estimated frequency of foreigners of all criminals). This indicates that a newspaper’s effect on the strength of automatic associations is relatively independent from processes of propositional reasoning.

Impact of an educative program on dialysis patients’ knowledge and mental health: controlled before and after program

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 20204
Author(s):  
Laetitia Idier ◽  
Aurélie Untas ◽  
Nicole Rascle ◽  
Michèle Koleck ◽  
Maider Aguirrezabal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Vascular Access ◽  
Educational Program ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Emotional Change ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group

Introduction:Psychological impact of Therapeutic Patient Education (TPE) for dialysis patients is rarely evaluated since the focus of many studies is on medical variables (i.e., adherence).Objectives:The aims of this study were: 1) to estimate the impact of a TPE program on knowledge, depression and anxiety, 2) to examine change in knowledge as a mediator of the effects of a TPE program on mental health.Method:This study was conducted in three hemodialysis units and comprised two groups: an experimental group with education and a control group with routine care. The program was based of 5 educative sessions. Knowledge, depressive and anxious symptoms were assessed with self-reported outcomes measured before and 3 months after the program.Results:The sample comprised 125 patients. Knowledge about vascular access and nutrition (p < 0.01) and depressive symptoms increased in the experimental group (p < 0.01). Analysis of mediation showed that changes in knowledge about vascular access were a significant mediator of the effects of the program on depressive symptoms (F = 4.90;p = 0.01).Discussion:Knowledge acquired during an educational program could lead to an emotional change. Improving knowledge often leads to an awareness of the risks that can modify the psychological state of patients by reminding them of their vulnerability. This study shows that it is required to be attentive to the way of transmitting knowledge. It’s necessary adapting this transmission to the needs of patients and promoting the acquisition of psychosocial competence too.Conclusion:This study shows that knowledge acquired during an educational program can lead to an emotional change in the short term. A long-term follow-up of the population should be interesting to observe these emotional effects.

The Impact of Visual Thinking Approach to Promote Elementary Students’ Problem Solving Skill in Mathemathics

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Muhammad Fendrik ◽  
Elvina Elvina
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Schools ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Elementary Students ◽  
Visual Learning ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Visual Thinking ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Student Skill ◽  
Mathematical Skill ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to examine the influence of visual thinking learning to problemsolving skill. Quasi experiments with the design of this non-equivalent controlgroup involved Grade V students in one of the Elementary Schools. The design ofthis study was quasi experimental nonequivalent control group, the researchbullet used the existing class. The results of research are: 1) improvement ofproblem soving skill. The learning did not differ significantly between studentswho received conventional learning. 2) there is no interaction between learning(visual thinking and traditional) with students' mathematical skill (upper, middleand lower) on the improvement of skill. 3) there is a difference in the skill oflanguage learning that is being constructed with visual learning of thought interms of student skill (top, middle and bottom).

Influence of DAFS-25+polizon composition on blood and functional state of liver of steers at fattening

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
Inna R. Kilmetova ◽  
◽  
Igor A. Rodin ◽  
Nazira I. Khayrullina ◽  
Nikolay G. Fenchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional State ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Stimulation Of

Summary. The disbalanced feeding and the uneven distribution of micro- and macroelements in the environment leads to a trace element, in particular hypomelanosis. To accelerate the growth and preservation of young farm animals include in the diet of various biological additives and drugs, which include selenium. For stimulation of weight gain in the livestock industry, as well as for the prevention and treatment of pathological processes in addition to micro - and macrouse amino acids, primarily methionine. The aim of this work was to study the influence of composition of DAFS-25+Polizon on morpho-biochemical parameters of blood and functional state of the liver in fattening bulls of black-motley breed in the conditions of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Experiments using were conducted on bull-calves of black-motley breed of the properties in the properties age from 6 to 15 months. The first experimental group during the experiment was additionally given the composition of DAFS-25+Polizon at a dose of 2 mg/kg, the animals of the control group received a standard diet. To assess the impact of the composition DAFS-25+Polizon on metabolism cattle studied morphological and biochemical indicators of blood and conducted histological examination of the liver. It is established that the use of the composition of DAFS-25+Polizon at a dose of 2 mg/kg increases the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in the experimental group and reduces the amount of white blood cells. The serum content of total protein, phosphorus and calcium increases in the group of experimental animals. Microscopic examination of the liver revealed no changes in the structure of the organ and hepatocytes in the experimental group, whereas in the control group hemodynamic disorders and dystrophic changes in liver cells were observed. Thus, the use of the composition DAFS-25+Polizon at a dose of 2 mg/kg of live weight in fattening bulls black-and-white breed contributes to the increase of redox processes in the body, stimulation of metabolism, prevent the development of liver disorders of cellular mechanisms of metabolism, optimizes the structure of the liver, which generally provides higher productivity.

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