Common Misconceptions in the Nutritional Management of Athletes

Athletes today face a multitude of competing voices with health claims and products to enhance performance. This has led to both confusion and misconceptions about healthy dietary practices for athletes. Research has demonstrated that athletes do not understand the recommended nutritional requirements necessary for health. Further, improper study methods and research design can create and propagate misconceptions about how athletes view their own health and personal sacrifices. These misconceptions not only influence attitudes and recommendations by healthcare providers and coaches but can also affect legislation. Healthcare providers, coaches and trainers have the opportunity to positively influence healthy nutritional lifestyles in athletes. Research has demonstrated that the balance of expert power and referent power have been shown to emphasize personal empowerment and long term change.

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Acupuncture in Neurological Disorders: An Evidence-Based Overview

Integrative Neurology ◽

10.1093/med/9780190051617.003.0016 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 449-494

Author(s):

Alexandra Dimitrova

Keyword(s):

Neurological Disorders ◽

Large Scale ◽

Healthcare Providers ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Tunnel Syndrome ◽

Meta Analyses ◽

New Evidence ◽

Common Misconceptions

Over the past 20 years acupuncture has been rapidly gaining in popularity both in clinical practice and in research. New evidence for the benefits of acupuncture in various disorders is emerging seemingly every week, and recent large-scale systematic reviews and meta-analyses have suggested that acupuncture’s benefits in pain conditions can be maintained long term. At present the strongest evidence for acupuncture in the treatment of neurological disorders is in the fields of migraine, tension headaches, diabetic neuropathy, carpal tunnel syndrome, and Bell’s palsy. Recent trials suggest that acupuncture may be used as an adjunct in stroke rehabilitation and in improving the quality of life in patients with Parkinson’s disease and dementia. Despite recent mechanistic research advances, much remains unknown about acupuncture’s mechanism of action and there are common misconceptions about the origins of modern-day acupuncture. As acupuncture is being rapidly integrated into mainstream medical practice and increasingly being sought by patients, healthcare providers and neurologists in particular need to be educated about its applications and benefits for various neurological disorders. Our hope is that this chapter will serve toward this educational goal.

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The Influence of Power and Trust on the Initiation and Duration of Modal Shift Solutions

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13073757 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 3757

Author(s):

Sara Rogerson ◽

Vendela Santén ◽

Uni Sallnäs

Keyword(s):

Environmental Effects ◽

Energy Efficient ◽

The Other ◽

Modal Shift ◽

Modal Choice ◽

Referent Power ◽

Initiation Phase ◽

Building Trust ◽

Expert Power

Modal shift to more energy-efficient alternatives, such as from road to rail or sea, is one path to reduce negative environmental effects. Transport providers and shippers have crucial roles in modal choice decisions, and a better understanding of the influence of interorganisational factors on modal shift is needed. The purpose is to increase the understanding of opportunities for modal shifts by exploring the influence of power and trust at the interface between transport providers and shippers. Aspects of power (coercive, reward, legitimate, expert and referent) and trust (contractual, competence and goodwill) influencing modal shifts were identified from interviews with shippers and transport providers in Sweden. During the initiation phase of modal shift, power appears more important, while trust is shown essential for the duration. By proactively suggesting modal shift, transport providers can use expert power to create rewards and referent power, through recognition of their expertise. Building trust, particularly goodwill trust, such as time invested in understanding the other party, transparency about challenges and jointly seeking solutions, is key to establish long-term modal shifts. This paper contributes to modal shift literature with insights on power balances and trust between transport providers and shippers.

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Vivid Imagers Are Better at Detecting Salient Changes

Journal of Individual Differences ◽

10.1027/1614-0001.27.4.218 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 218-228 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Paul Rodway ◽

Karen Gillies ◽

Astrid Schepman

Keyword(s):

Individual Differences ◽

Change Detection ◽

Visual Imagery ◽

Detection Task ◽

Level Of Detail ◽

Detection Accuracy ◽

Change Detection Task ◽

Term Change ◽

High Level

This study examined whether individual differences in the vividness of visual imagery influenced performance on a novel long-term change detection task. Participants were presented with a sequence of pictures, with each picture and its title displayed for 17 s, and then presented with changed or unchanged versions of those pictures and asked to detect whether the picture had been changed. Cuing the retrieval of the picture's image, by presenting the picture's title before the arrival of the changed picture, facilitated change detection accuracy. This suggests that the retrieval of the picture's representation immunizes it against overwriting by the arrival of the changed picture. The high and low vividness participants did not differ in overall levels of change detection accuracy. However, in replication of Gur and Hilgard (1975) , high vividness participants were significantly more accurate at detecting salient changes to pictures compared to low vividness participants. The results suggest that vivid images are not characterised by a high level of detail and that vivid imagery enhances memory for the salient aspects of a scene but not all of the details of a scene. Possible causes of this difference, and how they may lead to an understanding of individual differences in change detection, are considered.

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Ageing of thermal insulation materials. Determination of the long-term change in thermal resistance of closed-cell plastics (accelerated laboratory test methods)

10.3403/01884824u ◽

2015 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Keyword(s):

Laboratory Test ◽

Thermal Resistance ◽

Thermal Insulation ◽

Test Methods ◽

Insulation Materials ◽

Closed Cell ◽

Term Change

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Social Cohesion, Breaks, and Transformations in Italy, 535–600

10.1093/oso/9780198777601.003.0004 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Walter Pohl

Keyword(s):

The Political ◽

Late Antique ◽

Religious Context ◽

Ancient Society ◽

Complex Process ◽

Term Change ◽

Two Generations ◽

Classical Culture

When the Gothic War began in Italy in 535, the country still conserved many features of classical culture and late antique administration. Much of that was lost in the political upheavals of the following decades. Building on Chris Wickham’s work, this contribution sketches an integrated perspective of these changes, attempting to relate the contingency of events to the logic of long-term change, discussing political options in relation to military and economic means, and asking in what ways the erosion of consensus may be understood in a cultural and religious context. What was the role of military entrepreneurs of more or less barbarian or Roman extraction in the distribution or destruction of resources? How did Christianity contribute to the transformation of ancient society? The old model of barbarian invasions can contribute little to understanding this complex process. It is remarkable that for two generations, all political strategies in Italy ultimately failed.

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Enhanced Seasonal Exchange of CO2 by Northern Ecosystems Since 1960

Science ◽

10.1126/science.1239207 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 341 (6150) ◽

pp. 1085-1089 ◽

Cited By ~ 221

Author(s):

H. D. Graven ◽

R. F. Keeling ◽

S. C. Piper ◽

P. K. Patra ◽

B. B. Stephens ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Boreal Forests ◽

Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽

Ecosystem Models ◽

The North ◽

Ecological Changes ◽

Term Change ◽

Major Shift ◽

Underlying Mechanisms ◽

Global Carbon

Seasonal variations of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) in the Northern Hemisphere have increased since the 1950s, but sparse observations have prevented a clear assessment of the patterns of long-term change and the underlying mechanisms. We compare recent aircraft-based observations of CO2 above the North Pacific and Arctic Oceans to earlier data from 1958 to 1961 and find that the seasonal amplitude at altitudes of 3 to 6 km increased by 50% for 45° to 90°N but by less than 25% for 10° to 45°N. An increase of 30 to 60% in the seasonal exchange of CO2 by northern extratropical land ecosystems, focused on boreal forests, is implicated, substantially more than simulated by current land ecosystem models. The observations appear to signal large ecological changes in northern forests and a major shift in the global carbon cycle.

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Adopt, adapt, or abandon technology-supported person-centred care initiatives: healthcare providers’ beliefs matter

BMC Health Services Research ◽

10.1186/s12913-021-06262-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kari Dyb ◽

Gro Rosvold Berntsen ◽

Lisbeth Kvam

Keyword(s):

Information Technologies ◽

Scale Up ◽

Healthcare Providers ◽

Healthcare Services ◽

Analytical Framework ◽

Development Project ◽

Technology Support ◽

Care Needs ◽

Term Care

Abstract Background Technology support and person-centred care are the new mantra for healthcare programmes in Western societies. While few argue with the overarching philosophy of person-centred care or the potential of information technologies, there is less agreement on how to make them a reality in everyday clinical practice. In this paper, we investigate how individual healthcare providers at four innovation arenas in Scandinavia experienced the implementation of technology-supported person-centred care for people with long-term care needs by using the new analytical framework nonadoption, abandonment, and challenges to the scale-up, spread, and sustainability (NASSS) of health and care technologies. We also discuss the usability and sensitivity of the NASSS framework for those seeking to plan, implement, and evaluate technology-supported healthcare programmes. This study is part of an interdisciplinary research and development project called Patients and Professionals in Partnership (2016–2020). It originates at one of ten work packages in this project. Method The main data consist of ethnographic field observations at the four innovation arenas and 29 interviews with involved healthcare providers. To ensure continuous updates and status on work in the four innovation arenas, we have also participated in a total of six annual network meetings arranged by the project. Results While the NASSS framework is very useful for identifying and communicating challenges with the adoption and spread of technology-supported person-centred care initiatives, we found it less sensitive towards capturing the dedication, enthusiasm, and passion for care transformation that we found among the healthcare providers in our study. When it comes to technology-supported person-centred care, the point of no return has passed for the involved healthcare providers. To them, it is already a definite part of the future of healthcare services. How to overcome barriers and obstacles is pragmatically approached. Conclusion Increased knowledge about healthcare providers and their visions as potential assets for care transformation might be critical for those seeking to plan, implement, and evaluate technology-supported healthcare programmes.

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Survey-Based Analysis of Current Trends for Prescribing Gastrointestinal Protectants among Small-Animal General Practitioners in Portugal

Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.3390/vetsci8050070 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 70

Author(s):

Rita Baptista ◽

Ryane Englar ◽

Berta São Braz ◽

Rodolfo Oliveira Leal

Keyword(s):

General Practitioners ◽

Healthcare Providers ◽

Small Animal ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Online Forums ◽

Educational Strategies ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Current Trends ◽

Therapeutic Value

In both human and veterinary healthcare, gastrointestinal protectants (GIPs) are considered a staple of clinical practice in that they are prescribed by general practitioners (GPs) and specialists alike. Concerning GIP use, overprescription of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) has become a growing concern among human healthcare providers. This trend has also been documented within veterinary practice, prompting the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) to publish a consensus statement in 2018 concerning evidence-based indications for GIP use. This observational cross-sectional study evaluated self-reported prescribing protocols among Portuguese GPs to determine whether there is adherence to the consensus guidelines. Respondents were Portuguese GPs recruited by social media posts in veterinarian online forums. Data were collected from 124 respondents concerning their GIPs of choice and their rationales for prescribing them. Data were mined for prescription patterns and protocols. Among GIPs, PPIs were prescribed more often. Rationales for use included gastrointestinal ulceration and erosion (GUE), prophylactic management of nonerosive gastritis, pancreatitis, reflux esophagitis, and steroid-induced ulceration. Once-daily administration of PPIs was the most frequent dosing regime among respondents. Ninety-six percent of PPI prescribers advocated that the drug be administered either shortly before or at mealtime. Forty-nine percent of respondents supported long-term use of PPIs. Fifty-nine percent of respondents acknowledged discontinuing PPIs abruptly. This study supports that Portuguese GPs commonly prescribe GIPs in accordance with ACVIM recommendations to medically manage GUE. However, misuse of GIPs does occur, and they have been prescribed where their therapeutic value is debatable. Educational strategies should target GPs in an effort to reduce GIP misuse.

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