scholarly journals Developing informed consent materials for non-English-speaking participants: An analysis of four professional firm translations from English to Spanish

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 557-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Marie Brelsford ◽  
Ernesto Ruiz ◽  
Laura Beskow
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Research Team ◽  
Spanish Speakers ◽  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
Native Spanish Speakers ◽  
Written Information ◽  
Basic Understanding ◽  
Back Translation ◽  
English Speaking

Background/Aims: An increasing body of research is being conducted with non-English-speaking subjects. Study-related materials, including those essential for obtaining informed consent, must often be translated from English into other languages. In this study, we sought to examine the types of issues that may arise when consent materials are translated from English to Spanish. Methods: Drawing on expertise from five individuals associated with our research team, four of whom are native Spanish speakers of different dialects of Spanish, we crafted translations of our own consent materials for biobanking using a rigorous, multi-step process involving both forward and back translation. We then systematically compared our translations to those produced by four professional translation firms to identify potential concerns in our own and the professional translations. Results: We identified three primary types of problems of relevance for researchers conducting studies where translation of written information is required. These included nonequivalent registers (in particular, the introduction of more complicated language), errors of omission (reducing the clarity of the information), and changes that altered the substantive meaning of the information. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the importance of working with translators who not only possess “textbook” knowledge of both languages but also an appreciation of the sociocultural factors that affect how people interpret and understand meaning. Moreover, translators who have a basic understanding of research are more likely to accurately convey essential research concepts. We describe a series of steps researchers can take that may help to improve the quality of translated materials.

A review of the literature surrounding the provision of interpreters in health care, focusing on their role in translating information for non-English-speaking cancer patients and issues relating to informed consent

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 201-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niamh Gargan ◽  
Janette Chianese
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Informed Consent ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Fundamental Principle ◽  
Health Care Ethics ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
Written Information ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Professional Interpreting

AbstractInformed consent is a fundamental principle of health care ethics. All patients should have equal opportunities in accessing information to help them make informed decisions about their treatments.Literature on informed consent, translators in health care, non-English-speaking patients and the importance of communication and information, most specifically in radiotherapy, were reviewed. Western studies published between 1995 and 2005 were accessed and filtered though two eligibility screens and a critique framework to assess quality.The evidence suggested that many non-English-speaking patients are not in a position to give true informed consent due to lack of interpreters. This may lead to health care professionals giving treatment without full consent. Written information for radiotherapy patients was often only available in English, apart from inner city areas.There appears to be a scarcity of professional interpreters used in the health care setting; the most common practice is to use family members and friends to interpret. This practice results in breach of patient confidentiality, extra pressure on family members and filtration of information.This patient group is often excluded from certain treatment opportunities such as clinical trials. Ideally, a fully accessible professional interpreting service should be available to allow non-English patients equal rights in accessing appropriate health care options and treatments.

EXPLICATION AND IMPLICATION WHEN DUBBING ENGLISH FILMS INTO UKRAINIAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (31) ◽  
pp. 294-311
Author(s):  
Tetiana Korolova ◽  
Tetiana Noriak
Keyword(s):  
National Culture ◽  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
Translation Practice ◽  
Translation Techniques ◽  
Word Forms ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Film Texts ◽  
Communicative Effect ◽  
National Stereotypes

The work is devoted to the analysis of the features of the dubbing process of English films into Ukrainian; special attention is paid to peculiarities of lexical semantics in the translated variants. The work is of experimental character: the total time of the researched material is 3000 minutes. Among the established factors of pragmatic adaptation in the process of the film translation the most important one is the capability to reflect socio-cultural realities of the English-speaking community in the Ukrainian language. The adequacy and quality of the translation must produce the same communicative effect on the Ukrainian-speaking audience, which is aimed at the English-speaking audience. An adequate translation preserves speech behavior, political and economic realities. Special attention is paid to the use of explication and implication techniques in the translation practice of dubbing. Both types of translation techniques are used in English-Ukrainian patterns. The explication of a word’s semantics can be structural or contextual. By structural explication we mean the introduction of additional word forms, caused by grammatical and sociocultural factors. In Ukrainian translations, there is a tendency for the widespread use of explication, in order to adequately reflect the meaning of communicative units and preserve a pragmatic impact on the audience. The implication is rarely used in Ukrainian film-texts; it is caused not only by the need to synchronize the lipsing of the original and the translation, but also by the absence of certain cognitive phenomena in the national culture consciousness of the Ukrainians. The undoubted advantage in the palette of the Ukrainian dubbing of communicative means is associated with the traditions of the Ukrainian dubbing school, which is characterized by the greatest flexibility in observing national stereotypes, the maximum domestication of other peoples’ realities. The Ukrainian actor, when portraying a foreigner, imposes serious restrictions on his own manner of reproducing the Ukrainian communicative system.

scholarly journals Translation and adaptation of Theory of Mind tasks into Brazilian portuguese

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 178-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Breno Sanvicente-Vieira ◽  
Elisa Brietzke ◽  
Rodrigo Grassi-Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Experimental Setting ◽  
Cognitive Difficulties ◽  
Background Theory ◽  
Back Translation ◽  
English Speaking

BACKGROUND: Theory of mind (ToM) is a field of social cognition that deals with the individual’s cognitive ability to interpret or infer the mental states of others based on previous knowledge. Recently, research has shown that this ability is compromised in patients with some psychopathologies, e.g., schizophrenia and autistic disorder. Investigators have also shown that deficits in ToM have impacts on social functioning and, consequently, on quality of life. Even though ToM studies have recently grown in number, some problems still remain (e.g., the difficulty of standardized tools to assess ToM in different languages). OBJECTIVES: To describe the translation and adaptation into Brazilian Portuguese of two of the most important and widely used ToM tasks, namely, the Theory of Mind Stories and the Hinting Task. METHOD: The process included the following steps: 1) translation; 2) production of a single translated version and review by specialists; 3) back-translation into English; 4) review by an English-speaking specialist; 5) adaptation of marked corrections; and 6) pilot application in a group representative of the target population (people with schizophrenia). RESULTS: A final translated version was obtained for each of the tasks. Both instruments were well understood by participants and can now be used in the Brazilian experimental setting. CONCLUSION: The availability of two major ToM tasks in Brazilian Portuguese facilitates the conduction of research on the topic in Brazil. In the future, this could help design clinical interventions aimed at people with social and cognitive difficulties.

Spanish gender agreement under complete and incomplete acquisition: Early and late bilinguals' linguistic behavior within the noun phrase

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
IRMA V. ALARCÓN
Keyword(s):  
Spanish Speakers ◽  
Native Spanish Speakers ◽  
Gender Agreement ◽  
Heritage Speakers ◽  
Oral Production ◽  
L2 Learners ◽  
Heritage Spanish Speakers ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Advanced Proficiency ◽  
Linguistic Behavior

The present study explores knowledge of Spanish grammatical gender in both comprehension and production by heritage language speakers and second language (L2) learners, with native Spanish speakers as a baseline. Most L2 research has tended to interpret morphosyntactic variability in interlanguage production, such as errors in gender agreement, as a lack of native-like representation in the learner's grammar because of maturational constraints. From this perspective, adult English-speaking learners of Spanish are incapable of acquiring gender fully, whereas heritage Spanish speakers, who have been exposed to the language from birth, can attain complete gender acquisition. However, results of two tasks, one measuring written comprehension and the other oral production, show that advanced proficiency L2 learners, as well as advanced proficiency heritage speakers, have gender in their underlying grammars, and that the errors in oral production that L2 learners occasionally produce are due to difficulties in the surface manifestations of the abstract features of gender, i.e., the “mapping problem” (Lardiere, 2007).

A Clear Speech Approach to Accent Management

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 1178-1192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Behrman
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Spanish Speakers ◽  
Clear Speech ◽  
Native Spanish Speakers ◽  
Home Practice ◽  
English Speaking

Purpose A 5-session twice-weekly clear speech protocol with daily home practice was developed to enable Spanish-accented speakers of English to code-switch for increased listener ease of understanding. This study provides preliminary data to test the hypothesis that this protocol results in increased ease of understanding for native English listeners, not in decreased talker accentedness. Method Using a single-case experimental design, 6 adult native Spanish speakers with English proficiency participated in the protocol. Ease of understanding and accentedness were probed at least 5 times pretraining, at each training session, and once per week for 5 weeks posttraining. Thirty native English–speaking listeners assessed the probes using 7-point scales for each measure. Results Ease of understanding improved for all participants (mean improvement = 3.5 points; effect size range = 6.98 to 15.33). Accentedness improved for 4 of 6 participants (mean improvement = 2.3 points; effect size range = 4.04 to 10.48). At the outset, most participants expressed concern that this approach would highlight speech errors. Upon follow-up, all participants reported confidence in using the approach and found it helpful in daily communication. Conclusions Further research should explore the effects of this protocol on intelligibility and acoustic metrics and their relationship to ease of understanding and accentedness.

Role of English Fluency in Performance of Native Spanish-Speakers on the Trail-Making Test

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Suarez ◽  
Tamar H. Gollan ◽  
Lidia Artiola ◽  
Igor Grant ◽  
Robert Heaton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spanish Speakers ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Native Spanish Speakers ◽  
English Fluency ◽  
Trail Making

scholarly journals ‘You see the empty bed which means it’s either a transplant or a death’: a qualitative study exploring the impact of death in the haemodialysis community

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. e046537
Author(s):  
Sheera Sutherland ◽  
Kirsty E Durley ◽  
Kirsty Gillies ◽  
Margaret Glogowska ◽  
Daniel S Lasserson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Clinical Setting ◽  
Support Services ◽  
Research Team ◽  
Central Importance ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Age Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Community Patients

ObjectiveTo explore the impact of the death of a patient in the haemodialysis unit on fellow patients.MethodsWe interviewed patients on dialysis in a tertiary dialysis centre using semistructured interviews. We purposively sampled patients who had experienced the death of a fellow patient. After interviews were transcribed, they were thematically analysed by independent members of the research team using inductive analysis. Input from the team during analysis ensured the rigour and quality of the findings.Results10 participants completed the interviews (6 females and 4 males with an age range of 42–88 years). The four core themes that emerged from the interviews included: (1) patients’ relationship to haemodialysis, (2) how patients define the haemodialysis community, (3) patients’ views on death and bereavement and (4) patients’ expectations around death in the dialysis community. Patients noticed avoidance behaviour by staff in relation to discussing death in the unit and would prefer a culture of open acknowledgement.ConclusionStaff acknowledgement of death is of central importance to patients on haemodialysis who feel that the staff are part of their community. This should guide the development of appropriate bereavement support services and a framework that promotes the provision of guidance for staff and patients in this unique clinical setting. However, the authors acknowledge the homogenous sample recruited in a single setting may limit the transferability of the study. Further work is needed to understand diverse patient and nurse experiences and perceptions when sharing the knowledge of a patient’s death and how they react to loss.

scholarly journals What is the source of L1 attrition? The effect of recent L1 re-exposure on Spanish speakers under L1 attrition

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 520-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
GLORIA CHAMORRO ◽  
ANTONELLA SORACE ◽  
PATRICK STURT
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Spanish Speakers ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tracking Data ◽  
Native Spanish Speakers ◽  
Knowledge Representations ◽  
Permanent Change ◽  
L1 Attrition ◽  
Interface Structures

The recent hypothesis that L1 attrition affects the ability to process interface structures but not knowledge representations (Sorace, 2011) is tested by investigating the effects of recent L1 re-exposure on antecedent preferences for Spanish pronominal subjects, using offline judgements and online eye-tracking measures. Participants included a group of native Spanish speakers experiencing L1 attrition (‘attriters’), a second group of attriters exposed exclusively to Spanish before they were tested (‘re-exposed’), and a control group of Spanish monolinguals. The judgement data shows no significant differences between the groups. Moreover, the monolingual and re-exposed groups are not significantly different from each other in the eye-tracking data. The results of this novel manipulation indicate that attrition effects decrease due to L1 re-exposure, and that bilinguals are sensitive to input changes. Taken together, the findings suggest that attrition affects online sensitivity with interface structures rather than causing a permanent change in speakers’ L1 knowledge representations.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document