Performance evaluation of glass wool core VIPs and silica-fly ash core VIPs

2021 ◽  
pp. 174425912110560
Author(s):  
Asim Shahzad ◽  
Zhaofeng Chen ◽  
Zaffar M Khan ◽  
Desire Emefa Awuye
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Glass Wool ◽  
Core Material ◽  
Total Consumption

Temperature maintenance is one of the leading factors for the large-scale energy consumption in buildings, which accounts for 33% of the total consumption. The heavy smog in China resulting from the depletion of fossil fuels necessitates the development of new technologies that can reduce the energy usage in buildings. Several techniques for building’s thermal insulation were developed among which the utilization of Vacuum Insulation Panels (VIPs) has the leading edge. For refrigeration purpose in VIPs, the glass wool is being used as a core material because of their low thermal conductivity (λ ≤ 2 mW/m·K) and low cost. However, the silica-fly ash has been preferred as a core material of VIPs for buildings because of its high compressive strength (σc > 2 MPa) and the most economical price. Moreover, the P1/2 of the glass wool VIP and silica-fly ash VIP are 10–100 and 1000 Pa, respectively. In this work, the performance of VIPs with various cores has been compared. The thermal conductivity of VIPs, along with the factors affecting thermal conductivity, such as density, thickness, internal pressure, and porous structures, have been evaluated. In addition, the effect of core materials on the cost of VIPs was also quantified. It is expected that the study will serve as a pioneering work in the foundation to development of the next-generation, low-cost VIPs used for building insulations.

A procedure to estimate the lateral force in clay-pipe interaction after breakout

2021 ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Pablo Cesar Trejo ◽  
Jose Renato M.S. Oliveira ◽  
Márcio S.S. Almeida ◽  
Maria C.F. Almeida ◽  
Mario A. Vignoles
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Lateral Force ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Centrifuge Tests ◽  
Clay Pipe

The development of new offshore oil and gas fields is continuously expanding to ultra-deep waters. This tendency and the necessity of reducing project costs have been stimulating the development of new technologies as well as the enhancement of floating production systems. In this regard, pipelines and flexible riser systems have been getting more attention due to its low cost of installation and operation. In order to project a pipeline system, it is important to understand the pipe-soil interaction mechanisms and quantify the influence of soil behaviour on pipe response caused by lateral movement such as thermal buckling. The loads that a pipeline is subjected have been a topic of many experimental studies that aim to reproduce those loads in a realistic manner. This present study concerns the analysis of lateral clay-pipe interaction associated with large deformations and berm formation process at the leading edge of the pipe during movement at given burial depths. A series of centrifuge tests was conducted to assess the relationship between horizontal force and lateral pipe displacement. The breakout force experimental results were compared with different literature proposals, showing a good agreement. A procedure was also proposed to evaluate the normalized lateral force through the combination of two different approaches. The results showed a good comparison with the centrifuge experimental data.

scholarly journals Biomass and lipid induction strategies in microalgae for biofuel production and other applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Alishah Aratboni ◽  
Nahid Rafiei ◽  
Raul Garcia-Granados ◽  
Abbas Alemzadeh ◽  
José Rubén Morones-Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Content ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Lipid Production ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Microalgae Biomass

Abstract The use of fossil fuels has been strongly related to critical problems currently affecting society, such as: global warming, global greenhouse effects and pollution. These problems have affected the homeostasis of living organisms worldwide at an alarming rate. Due to this, it is imperative to look for alternatives to the use of fossil fuels and one of the relevant substitutes are biofuels. There are different types of biofuels (categories and generations) that have been previously explored, but recently, the use of microalgae has been strongly considered for the production of biofuels since they present a series of advantages over other biofuel production sources: (a) they don’t need arable land to grow and therefore do not compete with food crops (like biofuels produced from corn, sugar cane and other plants) and; (b) they exhibit rapid biomass production containing high oil contents, at least 15 to 20 times higher than land based oleaginous crops. Hence, these unicellular photosynthetic microorganisms have received great attention from researches to use them in the large-scale production of biofuels. However, one disadvantage of using microalgae is the high economic cost due to the low-yields of lipid content in the microalgae biomass. Thus, development of different methods to enhance microalgae biomass, as well as lipid content in the microalgae cells, would lead to the development of a sustainable low-cost process to produce biofuels. Within the last 10 years, many studies have reported different methods and strategies to induce lipid production to obtain higher lipid accumulation in the biomass of microalgae cells; however, there is not a comprehensive review in the literature that highlights, compares and discusses these strategies. Here, we review these strategies which include modulating light intensity in cultures, controlling and varying CO2 levels and temperature, inducing nutrient starvation in the culture, the implementation of stress by incorporating heavy metal or inducing a high salinity condition, and the use of metabolic and genetic engineering techniques coupled with nanotechnology.

scholarly journals Low-cost solution to the grid reliability problem with 100% penetration of intermittent wind, water, and solar for all purposes

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (49) ◽  
pp. 15060-15065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Z. Jacobson ◽  
Mark A. Delucchi ◽  
Mary A. Cameron ◽  
Bethany A. Frew
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Phase Change Materials ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Integration Model ◽  
Weather Model ◽  
Scale Integration

This study addresses the greatest concern facing the large-scale integration of wind, water, and solar (WWS) into a power grid: the high cost of avoiding load loss caused by WWS variability and uncertainty. It uses a new grid integration model and finds low-cost, no-load-loss, nonunique solutions to this problem on electrification of all US energy sectors (electricity, transportation, heating/cooling, and industry) while accounting for wind and solar time series data from a 3D global weather model that simulates extreme events and competition among wind turbines for available kinetic energy. Solutions are obtained by prioritizing storage for heat (in soil and water); cold (in ice and water); and electricity (in phase-change materials, pumped hydro, hydropower, and hydrogen), and using demand response. No natural gas, biofuels, nuclear power, or stationary batteries are needed. The resulting 2050–2055 US electricity social cost for a full system is much less than for fossil fuels. These results hold for many conditions, suggesting that low-cost, reliable 100% WWS systems should work many places worldwide.

scholarly journals Classification of rat mammary carcinoma with large scale in vivo microwave measurements

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emre Onemli ◽  
Sulayman Joof ◽  
Cemanur Aydinalp ◽  
Nural Pastacı Özsobacı ◽  
Fatma Ateş Alkan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Mammary Carcinoma ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Diagnostic System ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Linear Classifier

AbstractMammary carcinoma, breast cancer, is the most commonly diagnosed cancer type among women. Therefore, potential new technologies for the diagnosis and treatment of the disease are being investigated. One promising technique is microwave applications designed to exploit the inherent dielectric property discrepancy between the malignant and normal tissues. In theory, the anomalies can be characterized by simply measuring the dielectric properties. However, the current measurement technique is error-prone and a single measurement is not accurate enough to detect anomalies with high confidence. This work proposes to classify the rat mammary carcinoma, based on collected large-scale in vivo S$$_{11}$$ 11 measurements and corresponding tissue dielectric properties with a circular diffraction antenna. The tissues were classified with high accuracy in a reproducible way by leveraging a learning-based linear classifier. Moreover, the most discriminative S$$_{11}$$ 11 measurement was identified, and to our surprise, using the discriminative measurement along with a linear classifier an 86.92% accuracy was achieved. These findings suggest that a narrow band microwave circuitry can support the antenna enabling a low-cost automated microwave diagnostic system.

Technologies for Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Fossil Fuels

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Audus ◽  
Paul Freund
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
And Storage

In recent years, the possibility of climate change has begun to be considered seriously. Options available today can help reduce emissions at relatively little overall cost but may be able to achieve only moderate reductions. If it becomes necessary to reduce emissions further, it is likely there will be opportunities for new technologies as well as making greater use of existing ones. Bearing in mind the time required to develop and deploy new energy supply technologies on a large-scale, it is only sensible to adopt a precautionary stance. This requires better understanding of the potential of technologies not yet in widespread use and stimulation of the development and deployment of promising ones. The EEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme is working to improve understanding of technologies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuels. This is an example of effective co-operative action between different countries and industries. Membership is worldwide; through this work, members are able to learn about new technologies and share experiences. This paper reviews the work of the IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme. The established options for reducing emissions include improving energy efficiency, substitution of lower-carbon fuels for high-carbon fuels, and introduction of alternative energy sources. If deep reductions in emissions are required, discussion tends to focus on alternatives to fossil fuels even though the latter provide a very large proportion of the energy used today. To avoid disruptive changes, the world will need to be able to continue using fossil fuels but in a climate-friendly way. Capture and storage of carbon dioxide could deliver deep reductions in emissions from fossil fuels but the technology is still in its infancy — this is the subject of on-going work by the IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme. Enhancement of natural sinks, such as forests, could also help by sequestering atmospheric carbon dioxide. Use of biomass for power generation has also been examined to see how it compares as a large-scale mitigation option compared with capture and storage. Methane is another important greenhouse gas, produced by many human activities. Technology can help reduce emissions of methane; examples of some of these technologies will be described. The mechanism of Activities Implemented Jointly is potentially important for application of all of these options and the Greenhouse Gas Programme is working to improving understanding about viable options and methods of delivering successful projects.

scholarly journals Undervoltage Identification in Three Phase Induction Motor Using Low-Cost Piezoelectric Sensors and STFT Technique

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Leonardo Carvalho ◽  
Guilherme Lucas ◽  
Marco Rocha ◽  
Claudio Fraga ◽  
Andre Andreoli
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Emission ◽  
Induction Motor ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Piezoelectric Sensors ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Ae Signals

Three-phase induction motors (IMs) are electrical machines used on a large scale in industrial applications because they are versatile, robust and low maintenance devices. However, IMs are significantly affected when fed by unbalanced voltages. Prolonged operation under voltage unbalance (VU) conditions degrades performance and shortens machine life by producing imbalances in stator currents that abnormally raise winding temperature. With the development of new technologies and research on non-destructive techniques (NDT) for fault diagnoses in IMs, it is relevant to obtain economically accessible, efficient and reliable sensors capable of acquiring signals that allow the identification of this type of failure. The objective of this study is to evaluate the application of low-cost piezoelectric sensors in the acquisition of acoustic emission (AE) signals and the identification of VU through the analysis of short-term Fourier transform (STFT) spectrograms. The piezoelectric sensor makes NDT feasible, as it is an affordable and inexpensive component. In addition, STFT allows time-frequency analyses of acoustic emission signals. In this NDT, two sensors were coupled on both sides of an induction motor frame. The AE signals obtained during the IM operation were processed and the resulting spectrograms were analyzed to identify the different VU levels. After comparing the AE signals for faulty conditions with the signals for the IM operating at balanced voltages, it was possible to obtain a desired identification that confirmed the successful application of low-cost piezoelectric sensors for VU condition detection in three-phase induction machines.

Study on Low-Cost Reactive Powder Concrete and its Application

2009 ◽  
Vol 405-406 ◽  
pp. 62-68
Author(s):  
Ming Zhang ◽  
Feng Xing ◽  
Liang Peng Deng ◽  
Zheng Liang Cao ◽  
Zhan Huang
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Quartz Sand ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Reactive Powder Concrete ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Complex Procedure ◽  
Reactive Powder ◽  
Very High

Reactive powder concrete (RPC) is a new kind of material with very high mechanical behavior and durability, however, high cost and complex procedure to make RPC result in hardly apply to engineering in large scale. a new low-cost RPC that compressive strength exceeds 130MPa was prepared with the replacement of quartz sand, crushed quartz and partial of silica fume by fly ash, slag and natural fine aggregate in the paper. Manhole cover that made from the low-cost RPC can meets the requirements of different situations, such as special road, motorway, etc.

Synthesis and Characterization of CeO2doped with Sm2O3and Eu2O3for the use in SOFCs

MRS Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (32) ◽  
pp. 1855-1861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alena Borisovna Kharissova ◽  
Moisés Hinojosa Rivera ◽  
Oxana V. Kharissova
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Spray Pyrolysis Method ◽  
Oxide Fuel ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources

ABSTRACTTo free ourselves from the use of fossil fuels that are highly polluting, life-threatening and not easily regenerated, new technologies are being developed to obtain alternative energy sources more efficiently. Among these technologies, there is the option to improve the performance of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) to make them highly energy efficient. Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have attracted much attention because they are environmentally benign, sustainable, generate low emissions and have relative low cost. However, conventional SOFCs with yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte require high operating temperatures (800-1000°C), which often lead to material degradation problems. Given that the greatest disadvantage of SOFCs is their high operating temperature, samples of CeO2were synthesized by spray pyrolysis method and doped with Sm2O3and Eu2O3to improve the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte so that it can operate at lower temperatures without losing its efficiency. The samples were analyzed using SEM, EDS, TEM. Further research will be made by small angle DRX, AFM, EIS and a prototype will be built to test the working temperature of the electrolyte.

scholarly journals Technologies, challenges and perspectives of biogas production within an agricultural context. The case of China and Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rufis Fregue Tiegam Tagne ◽  
Xiaobin Dong ◽  
Solomon G. Anagho ◽  
Serena Kaiser ◽  
Sergio Ulgiati
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Waste Production ◽  
Effective Technology ◽  
Biogas Plants ◽  
Biochemical Mechanisms

AbstractThe use of fossil fuels in modern economies has been a success because of the low cost of fossil resources. However, the depletion of fossil reserves, the increase in waste production and global warming concerns have led to increased research on the production of biofuels from renewable resources. Waste production is steadily increasing in quantity and constantly changing in quality, creating enormous risks for the environment and, consequently, for the health of the population. This situation is much more worrying in developing countries, in particular because of the considerable delay in the field of the conversion and recovery of biomaterials, due to their difficulty in approaching the problem in a way that fits their context. The composition of such wastes and residues, rich in organic matter, allows their conversion via biochemical mechanisms, thus constituting an effective solution to address the environmental problems of their disposal. Anaerobic digestion remains a valuable and effective technology for transforming these biomaterials into biogas. The present review focuses on technologies, challenges and areas of application of biogas, especially in China and some African countries, in order to promote the large-scale use of biogas for electricity generation and biofuels. Results point out that China is more used to this technology, while African countries still rely on traditional and less advanced technologies, thus hampering the potential derived from the large availability of biomaterials. Both realities, however, share similar backgrounds about the dimension of the biogas plants and their non-commercial purposes, even if China is recently shifting toward the adoption of a different model. These considerations are used in the article to open an interesting new scenario of political alternatives which may provide a way out from poverty and economic dependence, within the framework of a wider circularity.

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