scholarly journals MMX® technology and its applications in gastrointestinal diseases

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 545-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Nardelli ◽  
Laura Francesca Pisani ◽  
Gian Eugenio Tontini ◽  
Maurizio Vecchi ◽  
Luca Pastorelli
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Drug Formulation ◽  
Systemic Absorption ◽  
Homogeneous Distribution ◽  
Colonic Delivery ◽  
Ability To Act ◽  
Effective Delivery ◽  
High Concentrations

The Multimatrix® (MMX®) preparation MMX® is a recently obtained drug formulation developed to facilitate release of high concentrations of active drugs into the colon, with a homogeneous distribution along all colonic segments, particularly the most distal ones; the distal colonic tracts, indeed, are the most difficult to reach in significant amounts when a drug is given orally. The MMX® formulation is characterized by a lipophilic matrix dispersed in a hydrophilic structure. Indeed, in the last few years, MMX® technology has been widely used in the development of various drugs for the treatment of inflammatory and infectious gastrointestinal diseases localized in the colon. In particular, MMX® mesalamine, budesonide and parnaparin formulations have been investigated in patients with ulcerative colitis, and the first two have reached worldwide registration for the treatment of this disease. Moreover, MMX®-rifamycin is being positively tested in the treatment of colonic bacterial infections, including traveler’s diarrhea. MMX® technology is, thus, proving to be a very effective formulation for the treatment of various colonic diseases. This effectiveness has been related not only to specific colonic delivery, but also to its ability to act in a once-daily dosage, thus favouring patients’ adherence to prescribed schedules of treatment. The effective delivery of the active molecule to the site of need in the colon is also associated with very low systemic absorption and very low rates of adverse events (AEs). In this paper, we have reviewed all clinical trials performed with an MMX®-bound drug and all possible real-life reports, in order to give an overall evaluation of MMX®.

scholarly journals Infections in Patients with Lymphoproliferative Diseases Treated with Target Therapy. Italian Multicentric Retrospective Study Seifem 2017

Blood ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 132 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 4164-4164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianpaolo Nadali ◽  
Gessica Marchesini ◽  
Davide Facchinelli ◽  
Francesca Farina ◽  
Maria Chiara Tisi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Board Of Directors ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Life Experience ◽  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Real Life ◽  
P Value ◽  
Advisory Committees ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Introduction: in the last 5 years new "target drugs" to treat lymphoproliferative disorders have been introduced in clinical practice, such as monoclonal antibodies (obinutuzumab, ofatumumab, brentuximab), BTK inhibitors (ibrutinib) and PI3K inhibitors (idelalisib). Efficacy and safety of these drugs were assessed in registrative trials and data regarding infectious complications in the "real life" experience are currently unavailable. We aimed to assess the incidence of major infections in patients treated with the above mentioned drugs. Methods: 555 patients were treated, for registered indications, with idelalisib, ibrutinib, brentuximab, ofatumumab and obinutuzumab (single agents or in combination as licensed) in 13 hematology centres in Italy, from time of their commercial availability to December 2016. The observation period was one year after study entry. Patients in clinical trials or treated within patient named programs were excluded as well as patients with active infections at beginning of treatment. Results: in 132/555 patients (24%) infections occurred for a total number of 187 events, 56% of whom were of grade 3. The median age was 64 years (range 20-86), 46,2% (61/132) of patients were treated with 3 or more previous lines of therapy, 55/132 (42%) experienced 2 or more infective episodes. A bacterial cause of infection was reported in 35% of cases, viral in 22% and an invasive fungal infection (IFI) in 9% (17/187). In 2% of cases the infection was of mixed origin (bacterial/viral or bacterial/fungal) while in 32% of cases there was not microbiological documentation. The lower respiratory tract was the most frequent site of infection in 39% of cases (73/187) while the upper respiratory tract was involved in 30% of events (39/187). The urinary tract infections were 13% (24/187). Other sites involved were skin and soft tissue 7%, sepsis 7%, gastrointestinal site 5%, central nervous system 2% and fever of unknown origin 6%. Patients treated with idelalisib were 106 (80% affected by chronic lymphocytic leukemia - CLL- and 20% follicular lymphoma) and 35 (33%) experienced one ore more infections for a total of 49 episodes. The incidence of bacterial infections was 37%, of viral infections 37% and of IFI 6%. In 235 patients treated with ibrutinib, 70 (30%) had one ore more events for a total of 102 infective episodes. 60/70 (86%) patients had CLL and 10/70 (14%) had indolent or mantle cell lymphoma The incidence of bacterial infections was 50%, viral 20% and IFI 16%. Focusing on IFI, 17 events were reported in 15 patients. According to the EORTC criteria, 11 cases (4 possible, 1 probable, 6 proven) were reported in patients treated with ibrutinib, 3 cases of possible IFI in patients treated with idelalisib and 3 cases of proven IFI in patients treated with brentuximab. The incidence of IFI in patients treated with ibrutinib (11/102 events) and idelalisib (3/49 events) was not different (11% vs. 6% respectively; p-value = 0.55) even considering proven/probable cases only (3% in ibrutinib vs. 0% in idelalisib p-value = 0.11). The incidence of bacterial infections in patients treated with ibrutinib (35/102) was not statistically different compared to patients treated with idelalisib (18/49) (34% vs. 37% respectively p-value =0.87). Noteworthy, the incidence of viral infections in patients treated with idelalisib (18/49) was significantly higher compared to patients treated with ibrutinib (14/102) (37% vs. 14% respectively; p-value =0.015). Brentuximab was used in 175 patients, 70% of cases for Hodgkin Lymphoma and 30% for T cell lymphoma. The rate of infections was 11% for a total of 27 infection episodes. The incidence of bacterial, viral and fungal infections was 37%, 30% and 11% respectively. In 22% of cases the cause of infection could not be established. Patients treated with ofatumumab or obinutuzumab were 39 and in 7/39 (18%) an infective episode was reported (four of bacterial origin, one viral and four undetermined). All patients were affected by CLL. Conclusions: this "real life" experience confirm that the incidence of infections in patients treated with "target drugs" is not negligible. Ongoing analysis that take into account patient's clinical and demographical characteristics, may give insights on risk factors that will contribute to better characterizing patients at different risk levels. Figure. Figure. Disclosures Cattaneo: GILEAD: Other: Advisory Board. Candoni:Pfizer: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Janssen: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Merck SD: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Gilead: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau. Fanci:Gilead: Honoraria; Pfizer Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria; Merck: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau. Del Principe:Gilead: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Busca:Gilead: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Merk: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Pfizer Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria; Novartis: Speakers Bureau.

Experience in conducting veterinary-sanitary and zoohygienic surveys of farms that are unfavorable for bacterial infections of cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
T. N. Gryazneva ◽  
◽  
D. G. Reshetnikova ◽  
S. Yu. Karabanov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Chronic Endometritis ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Infectious Keratoconjunctivitis

The article presents the results of veterinary-sanitary and zoohygienic examination of the farm that is unfavorable for bacterial infections-pasteurellosis, moraxellosis, escherichiosis, and other pathologies. There is a high incidence of mastitis and endometritis in cows, and gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases in young animals. 32,6 «marker points» of violations of conditions of keeping, feeding and exploitation of animals were identified. Recommendations are given for the elimination of violations, after which the incidence of respiratory diseases in calves decreased by 48,2%, gastrointestinal diseases – by 93,0%, the manifestation of infectious keratoconjunctivitis caused by moracella decreased by 12,0%, and the incidence of chronic endometritis in cows decreased by XNUMX%. The farm was recovered from clinical, subclinical mastitis and postpartum endometritis.

scholarly journals Stimuli-Responsive Nanoplatform-Assisted Photodynamic Therapy Against Bacterial Infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
You Zhou ◽  
Wenmin Deng ◽  
Mulan Mo ◽  
Dexu Luo ◽  
Houhe Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Therapeutic Technique ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Effective Delivery

Bacterial infections are common diseases causing tremendous deaths in clinical settings. It has been a big challenge to human beings because of the antibiotics abuse and the newly emerging microbes. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a reactive oxygen species-based therapeutic technique through light-activated photosensitizer (PS). Recent studies have highlighted the potential of PDT as an alternative method of antibacterial treatment for its broad applicability and high efficiency. However, there are some shortcomings due to the low selectivity and specificity of PS. Growing evidence has shown that drug delivery nanoplatforms have unique advantages in enhancing therapeutic efficacy of drugs. Particularly, stimuli-responsive nanoplatforms, as a promising delivery system, provide great opportunities for the effective delivery of PS. In the present mini-review, we briefly introduced the unique microenvironment in bacterial infection tissues and the application of PDT on bacterial infections. Then we review the stimuli-responsive nanoplatforms (including pH-, enzymes-, redox-, magnetic-, and electric-) used in PDT against bacterial infections. Lastly, some perspectives have also been proposed to further promote the future developments of antibacterial PDT.

scholarly journals Uniformity and Efficacy of Dry Powders Delivered to the Lungs of a Mycobacterial-Surrogate Rat Model of Tuberculosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiji Hirota ◽  
Yutaka Hirai ◽  
Takehisa Nakajima ◽  
Satoru Goto ◽  
Kimiko Makino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Antimycobacterial Activity ◽  
Homogeneous Distribution ◽  
Study Phase ◽  
Small Rodents ◽  
Dry Powders ◽  
Promising Strategy ◽  
Venturi Effect ◽  
Systemic Medication ◽  
Effective Delivery

Abstract Purpose Pulmonary administration of dry drug powder is a considered promising strategy in the treatment of various lung diseases such as tuberculosis and is more effective than systemic medication. However, in the pre-clinical study phase, there is a lack of devices for effective delivery of dry powders to the lungs of small rodents. In this study, an administration device which utilizes Venturi effect to deliver dry powders to the lungs homogeneously was developed. Methods A Venturi-effect administration device which synchronizes with breathes by use of a ventilator and aerosolizes the dry powders was created. Pulmonary distribution of inhalable dry powders prepared by spray-drying poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid and an antituberculosis agent rifampicin and anti-tuberculosis effect of the powders on mycobacteria infected rats by administration with the Venturi-effect administration device and a conventional insufflation device were evaluated. Results Homogeneous distribution of the dry powders in the lung was achieved by the Venturi-effect administration device due to efficient and recurring aerosolization of loaded dry powders while synchronizing with breathes. Amount of rifampicin delivered to the lungs by the Venturi-effect administration device was three times higher than that by a conventional insufflation device, demonstrating three times greater antimycobacterial activity. Conclusions The Venturi-effect administration device aerosolized inhalable antituberculosis dry powders efficiently, achieved uniform pulmonary distribution, and aided the dry powders to exert antituberculosis activity on lung-residing mycobacteria.

scholarly journals Toxic Effect of Antibiotics on Freshwater Algal Systems and the Mechanisms of Toxicity: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barsha Roy ◽  
P. K. Suresh
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Mixture Toxicity ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Freshwater Environment ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Mechanisms Of Toxicity

Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections in humans and animals and also act as a growth promoter for poultry. Due to incomplete metabolism, these antibiotics are excreted in the environment in their parental forms and accumulates in the aquatic ecosystem. Besides the evolution of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, these drugs can damage non-target organisms. Green algae are highly sensitive to different antibiotics. Damage in the algal population will cause imbalances in the ecosystems. Till now, the mechanisms of antibiotic toxicity towards algae have not been completely elucidated. It was observed that antibiotics mainly affected the photosynthetic machinery and decreased the carbon fixation process, finally resulting in algal growth inhibition. This present review deals with antibiotics classification, various routes of antibiotics exposure to the freshwater environment, sensitivity towards the different classes of antibiotics, possible Mode-of-Action (MOA) on algal systems, and gaps that need to be filled. Significant gaps include the unavailability of proper eco-toxicological data for antibiotics. Moreover, they exist in nature as complex mixtures, and their behavior in the ecosystem may vastly differ from the parent molecules. To improve our understanding of antibiotic responses mechanism in real-life scenarios, mixture toxicity studies may be the first step.

scholarly journals Characteristics of patients with psoriatic arthritis treated with ustekinumab. Evidence from real-life clinical practice

2021 ◽  
pp. 274-283
Author(s):  
Yu. L. Korsakova ◽  
E. Yu. Loginova ◽  
E. E. Gubar ◽  
T. V. Korotaeva
Keyword(s):  
Psoriatic Arthritis ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Good Tolerability ◽  
Viral Hepatitis C ◽  
Circulatory System Diseases

Introduction. Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic immunoinflammatory disease characterised by involvement of the skin, nail plates, joints, spine and entheses in the inflammatory process. The IL-12/IL-23 inhibitor ustekinumab (UST) is increasingly being used in psoriasis (Ps) and PsA.Aim of the study. To analyze patients with PsA who were under inpatient treatment in the V.A. Nasonova Scientific Research Institute of Rheumatology and Radiology and who were prescribed UST during the period from 2018 to 2020.Material and methods. UST was administered to 17 patients with PsA (9 women and 8 men), mean age was 46.4 ± 11.3 years. Duration of PsA course was 11 ± 10.5 years. Patients underwent clinical, laboratory and instrumental examination, BSA and PASI, DAPSA and BASDAI indices were determined.Results. Patients predominantly had widespread Ps (BSA 18.2 ± 15.9%). Erosive arthritis was present in 94.1% of patients, and sacroiliitis was detected in 100% of patients. PsA activity was high (DAPSA = 44.9 ± 20.9, BASDAI = 6.2 ± 1.5).94% of patients had two or more comorbidities. Circulatory system diseases were observed in 82.4% of patients, liver diseases in 29.5%, gastrointestinal diseases in 47%, endocrine system diseases in 17.6%, viral hepatitis C in 23.5%, latent tuberculosis infection in 17.6%, and joint surgery was performed in 11.2% of patients. The clinical example presented in the article demonstrates good tolerability of UST in a patient with PsA with a number of comorbidities and the possibility to increase the dose of UST from 45 to 90 mg in case of ineffective therapy.Conclusions. The safety profile of UST is good, and it can be administered to patients with cardiovascular diseases, obesity, various infections, including latent tuberculosis, etc. 

scholarly journals Different Formulations of Levothyroxine for Treating Hypothyroidism: A Real-Life Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Pierpaolo Trimboli ◽  
Lorenzo Scappaticcio ◽  
Annamaria De Bellis ◽  
Maria Ida Maiorino ◽  
Luisa Knappe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Liquid Solution ◽  
Active Principle ◽  
Life Study ◽  
First Line Therapy ◽  
Evaluation Phase ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Nonparametric Statistical ◽  
Hypothyroid Patients

Objective. Hypothyroid patients are treated by sodium levothyroxine (LT4). Tablet is the mostly used LT4 formulation, and the fasting regimen is required for the absorption of active principle. Also, gastrointestinal diseases and drugs may impair the LT4 bioavailability when tablet is used. Nonsolid LT4 formulations (i.e., liquid solution (LS) and soft gel (SG) capsule) were manufactured to overcome the limitations of LT4 tablet. This study was conceived to evaluate the performance of nonsolid LT4 formulations in a real-life scenario. Methods. Two institutions participated in the study that was conducted in two phases (i.e., enrollment and re-evaluation). Adults with autoimmune or postsurgical hypothyroidism and on LT4 from a few months were selected. A nonparametric statistical analysis for paired or unpaired data was performed. Results. 121 consecutive cases were included. At the enrollment phase, a 52% of patients took the therapy at least 30 min before breakfast with no difference between tablet and SG/LS users. TSH was 1.65 mIU/L (0.86–2.70) in patients on LT4 tablet and 1.70 mIU/L (1.10–2.17) in those on SG/LS (p=0.66). At the re-evaluation phase, among the patients using correct LT4 assumption, the TSH value was stable in the tablet group (p=0.22) and significantly reduced in SG/LS group (p=0.004); among the patients using incorrect LT4 assumption, TSH was significantly increased in those on tablet (p=0.0029) and stable in those on SG/LS (p=0.36). Conclusion. The performance of nonsolid LT4 formulations is not influenced by correct or incorrect use of therapy. On the contrary, LT4 tablet does not guarantee euthyroidism when it is ingested without waiting for at least 30 minutes before breakfast. These new data, obtained in a real-life scenario, suggest that LT4 SG/LS should be regarded as first-line therapy for treating adults with newly diagnosed hypothyroidism.

Features of performing creative tasks in the discipline “Psychology and Pedagogy” by foreign students

2021 ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
Olga V. Beskrovnaya
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Foreign Students ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Pedagogical Issues ◽  
Creative Task ◽  
Ability To Act ◽  
Personal Qualities ◽  
Self Examination

We analyze the experience of performing an integrated creative task in the discipline “Psychology and Pedagogy” by foreign students – future doctors. The psychological and pedagogical issues of interaction with foreign students of the 1st year in the learning process are presented. An algorithm has been developed for them to independently perform a creative task in psychology related to self-examination of personality. In the classroom and in the process of self-training, the primary formation of reproductive organization is the ability to act at a given pace while maintaining the sequence of operations. Further, creative organization is formed, aimed at independent planning and modeling of activities, based on real-life objective and subjective conditions. The forming moral and ideological qualities of future doctors in the process of performing their creative task of preparing a psychological and pedagogical portrait of a person are responsibility, compassion and mercy, organization, self-control, conscientiousness, reflexivity, etc. The interrelation of these personal qualities with the future professional activity of medical students is substantiated. The options for performing this creative task by foreign students are presented.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Biophotonic Imaging To Estimate Bacterial Burden in Mice Infected with Highly Virulent Compared to Less Virulent Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotypes

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 3155-3160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie Henken ◽  
Jennifer Bohling ◽  
A. David Ogunniyi ◽  
James C. Paton ◽  
Vyvyan C. Salisbury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Bioluminescence Imaging ◽  
Disease Model ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Biophotonic Imaging

ABSTRACT Bioluminescence imaging is an innovative, noninvasive tool to analyze infectious disease progression under real-life conditions in small laboratory animals. However, the relevance of bioluminescence imaging to monitor invasive compared to noninvasive bacterial infections of the lung has not been examined so far. In the current study, we systematically evaluated the importance of bioluminescence imaging to monitor pneumococcal disease progression by correlating biophotonic signals with lung bacterial loads in two mouse strains (BALB/c, C57BL/6) infected with either self-glowing, bioluminescent serotype 19 Streptococcus pneumoniae causing focal pneumonia or serotype 2 S. pneumoniae causing invasive pneumococcal disease. The best correlations between bioluminescence signals and lung CFU counts were observed in BALB/c mice compared to C57BL/6 mice just on day 3 after infection with invasive serotype 2 S. pneumoniae, while excellent correlations between photon counts and bacterial loads were observed in isolated lungs of BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice, irrespective of the employed pneumococcal serotype. Moreover, good correlations between biophotonic signals and CFU counts were also observed in mice upon infection with serotype 19 S. pneumoniae causing focal pneumonia in mice, again with best correlation values obtained for BALB/c mice at day 3 postinfection. Collectively, we show that the relevance of biophotonic imaging to monitor S. pneumoniae-induced lung infections in mice is largely influenced by the disease model under investigation. The provided data may be important for studies of infectious diseases.

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