The association between crawling as a first mode of mobilisation and the presentation of atraumatic shoulder instability: a retrospective cohort study

2020 ◽  
pp. 175857322096848
Author(s):  
Deborah J Williams ◽  
Anju Jaggi ◽  
Tania Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Shoulder Instability ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Additional Research ◽  
Rehabilitation Programme ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Developmental Milestones ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Specialist Centre

Background and purpose To investigate if there is an association between whether an infant crawls as their first mode of mobilisation and the subsequent presentation of atraumatic shoulder instability. Patients and methods A retrospective cohort of 50 consecutive patients who had presented to a national specialist centre for shoulder instability with a diagnosis of atraumatic instability was compared with a cohort of 50 participants who did not have shoulder instability. Primary outcomes were presence of atraumatic shoulder instability and whether or not the patient crawled as their first mode of mobility. A Pearson chi-squared test was used to evaluate associations. Results There was a significant association between crawling and shoulder instability ( X2(1) ≥ 11.93, p = 0.001) with a higher prevalence of non-crawlers in the group with shoulder instability compared to the control group. Interpretation There may be an association between developmental milestones and atraumatic shoulder instability. It cannot be concluded from this study whether association is causal and additional research is needed to further investigate this relationship. Asking patients presenting with shoulder instability about their developmental milestones as part of a full subjective history could guide a more targeted sensorimotor rehabilitation programme.

scholarly journals Comparison between all-suture and biocomposite anchors in the arthroscopic treatment of traumatic anterior shoulder instability: A retrospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 264-270
Author(s):  
Ioannis Pantekidis ◽  
Michael-Alexander Malahias ◽  
Stefania Kokkineli ◽  
Emmanouil Brilakis ◽  
Emmanouil Antonogiannakis
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Shoulder Instability ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Arthroscopic Treatment ◽  
Anterior Shoulder Instability

scholarly journals Clomiphene Citrate Priming Increases Sensitivity During Ovarian Stimulation in Poor Ovarian Responders Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization Treatment: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Liu ◽  
Xinyu Liu ◽  
Huanhuan Li ◽  
Minghui Liu ◽  
Yasu Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Ovarian Stimulation ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Clomiphene Citrate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Poor Ovarian Responders ◽  
Gonadotropin Dosage ◽  
Antagonist Protocol

Abstract Background: Since ovarian stimulation was introduced as an assisted reproductive technology, poor ovarian response (POR) management has challenged clinicians. Guidance on optimally managing patients with poor response and/or low sensitivity to ovarian stimulation is still lacking. We aimed to investigate whether a clomiphene citrate (CC) priming protocol could increase ovarian sensitivity in poor ovarian responders. Methods: This single-center retrospective cohort study included 294 patients (374 ovarian stimulation cycles). Of these, 193 cycles were treated by a CC priming antagonist protocol (study group) and 181 by the classical flexible gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist protocol (control group). Stimulation data and laboratory and clinical outcomes were compared between the groups. Results: Total gonadotropin dosage and dosage per follicle were considerably lower, the follicle-to-oocyte index was significantly higher, and the gonadotropin duration was shorter in the study group. After adjusting for potential confounders, multivariate regression analysis showed that cumulative ongoing pregnancy remained comparable between the groups (adjusted odds ratio: 0.761, 95% confidence interval: 0.300-1.933, P = 0.566). Age, body mass index, gonadotropin dosage per follicle, and the follicle-to-oocyte index were directly associated with the reproductive outcomes. The result of the sensitivity analysis showed that patients stimulated by the CC priming antagonist protocol were administered less gonadotropin (1,739.09 ± 719.39 vs. 3,114.77 ± 1,171.23, P < 0.001) at a lower gonadotropin dosage per follicle (637.36 ± 373.05 vs. 1286.26 ± 976.66, P < 0.001) and for a shorter duration (6.58 ± 2.23 vs. 9.80 ± 1.90, P < 0.001). Conclusions: The CC priming antagonist protocol offered a convenient and patient-friendly way to increase ovarian sensitivity during ovarian stimulation in poor ovarian responders.

scholarly journals Acupuncture Decreases the Incidence of Post-stroke Dementia: A Taiwan Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shao-Ang Chu ◽  
Te-Yuan Chen ◽  
Po-Yuan Chen ◽  
Wei-Jie Tzeng ◽  
Cheng-Loong Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Acupuncture Treatment ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Incidence Of Dementia

Abstract BACKGROUND Stroke has been recognized as one of the major causes of adult disability worldwide, and post-stroke dementia may affect up to one-third of stroke survivors. This condition could be prevented if we could recognize and treat it earlier. Acupuncture as a complementary treatment for stroke has been shown to be beneficial for subsequent post-stroke rehabilitation. Our study investigated if acupuncture served additional advantages to decreasing the incidence of post-stroke dementia. METHODS We provide a retrospective cohort study from Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. This study compared the incidence of post-stroke dementia between cohorts with and without acupuncture treatment by calculating adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of acupuncture associated with post-stroke dementia using Cox proportional hazard regressions. The study group was composed of 9,547 patients who received first hospitalization for the treatment of stroke between 2002 and 2004; of which, 47,735 comparison patients were defined as the control group. The two groups were followed-up until the diagnosis of dementia presented or until the end of 2007. RESULTS The adjusted HRs of developing dementia among patients with stroke was 4.705 times the average (range, 4.353–5.085), and the incidence of dementia was higher in males. The study group tended to have less incidence of all kinds of dementia after acupuncture treatment, and patients without stroke receiving acupuncture had a lower probability of dementia than those untreated during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS This study presents evidence that acupuncture serves as an effective and alternative procedure to lower the risk of post-stroke dementia and the overall incidence of dementia in Taiwanese population.

scholarly journals Does tonsillectomy reduce medical care visits for pharyngitis/tonsillitis in children and adults? Retrospective cohort study from Sweden

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e033817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eirik Østvoll ◽  
Ola Sunnergren ◽  
Joacim Stalfors
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Recurrent Tonsillitis ◽  
Visit Rate ◽  
The Difference

ObjectiveTo assess the effectiveness of tonsillectomy/adenotonsillectomy in reducing medical care visits for pharyngitis or tonsillitis in children and adults with chronic/recurrent tonsillitis.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingData were retrieved from the VEGA register, a comprehensive regional cohort in Sweden.Participants1044 children (<15 years) and 2244 adults.InterventionTonsillectomy/adenotonsillectomy compared with no surgical treatment.Main outcome measuresChanges in yearly mean rates of medical care visits due to pharyngitis/tonsillitis.ResultsIn children, there was a significant decrease in the yearly mean medical care visits rate from 1.93 (1.82 to 2.04) before surgery to 0.129 (0.099 to 0.165) after surgery, with a mean change of −1.80 (−1.90 to −1.69), p<0.0001. In patients who did not undergo surgery, the corresponding mean change was −1.51 (−1.61 to −1.41), resulting in a mean difference in the change in visit rates between the intervention and control groups of −0.283 (−0.436 to −0.135), p=0.0002. In adults, a significant decrease in the yearly mean medical care visit rate was observed from 1.45 (1.39 to 1.51) before surgery to 0.152 (0.132 to 0.173) after surgery, with a mean change of −1.30 (−1.36 to −1.24), p<0.0001, compared with −1.18 (−1.24 to −1.13) in the control group. The difference in the change in yearly mean visit rate between the surgical and non-surgical groups was −0.111 (−0.195 to −0.028), p=0.0097. The subgroup analysis showed a greater effect of surgery in children, in patients with a higher number of medical care visits before surgery and in the first year of follow-up.ConclusionIn this cohort of patients moderately or less affected with chronic/recurrent tonsillitis, the effectiveness of tonsillectomy/adenotonsillectomy in reducing medical care visits for pharyngitis and tonsillitis compared with no surgical treatment was low and of questionable clinical value.

scholarly journals Herbal Medicines and Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Athar Rasekhjahromi ◽  
Masoumeh Hosseinpoor ◽  
Farzaneh Alipour ◽  
Mehrnoosh Maalhagh ◽  
Saeed Sobhanian
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Group Versus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Significant Difference

Background. The aim of this study was to assess the association between herbal medication and OHSS.Methods. This retrospective cohort study was conducted with 101 polycystic ovary syndrome patients. 66 patients took conventional pharmacological medications and 35 took herbal medications. Data were analyzed by statistical test including Fisher’s Exact and binominal logistic regression.P<0.05was considered significant.Results. Of the 101 females, 53 were married and 48 were single. There was no significant association between the groups in marriage. No significant association was found in mean age between the two groups (23.9 ± 5.8 years in the control group versus 26.3 ± 6.7 years in the case group). There was a significant difference between the two groups .After adding the dependent (OHSS prevalence) and independent (marriage and group) variables into the model, the Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed suitability. Variances analyzed with this model ranged between 29.4% and 40.7%.Conclusion. The indiscriminate use of herbs is correlated with OHSS. Because patients increasingly consume herbs, they should be aware of potential side effects. However, appropriate dosages of herbs could be obtained for use instead of conventional treatments, which often have side effects.

scholarly journals Association between tocilizumab and emerging multidrug-resistant organisms in critically ill patients with COVID-19: A multicenter, retrospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ohoud Aljuhani ◽  
Khalid Al Sulaiman ◽  
Adel Alshabasy ◽  
Khalid Eljaaly ◽  
Abdulrahman I. Al Shaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Microbial Isolation

Abstract Background Tocilizumab is an IgG1 class recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody that directly inhibits the IL-6 receptor. Several randomized clinical trials have evaluated its safety and efficacy in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and these studies demonstrate conflicting results. Our study aimed to determine the association between tocilizumab treatment and microbial isolation and emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Methods A multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted at two tertiary government hospitals in Saudi Arabia. All critically ill patients admitted to intensive care units with a positive COVID-19 PCR test between March 1 and December 31, 2020, who met study criteria were included. Patients who received tocilizumab were compared to those who did not receive it. Results A total of 738 patients who met our inclusion criteria were included in the analysis. Of these, 262 (35.5%) received tocilizumab, and 476 (64.5%) were included in the control group. Patients who received tocilizumab had higher odds for microbial isolation (OR 1.34; 95% CI 0.91–1.94, p = 0.13); however, the difference was not statistically significant. Development of resistant organisms (OR 1.00; 95% CI 0.51–1.98, p = 0.99) or detection of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) (OR 0.67; 95% CI 0.29–1.54, p = 0.34) was not statistically significant between the two groups. Conclusions Tocilizumab use in critically ill patients with COVID-19 is not associated with higher microbial isolation, the emergence of resistant organisms, or the detection of CRE organisms.

scholarly journals Association between spinal curvature disorders and injury: a nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e023604
Author(s):  
Yen-Liang Kuo ◽  
Chi-Hsiang Chung ◽  
Tsai-Wang Huang ◽  
Chang-Huei Tsao ◽  
Shan-Yueh Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Spinal Curvature ◽  
Fracture Dislocation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Risk Of Injury

ObjectivesInjury is an important issue in public health. Spinal curvature disorders are deformities characterised by excessive curves of the spine. The prevalence of spinal curvature disorders is not low, but its relationship with injury has not been studied. The aim of this study is to investigate whether spinal curvature disorders increase the risk of injury.DesignPopulation-based retrospective cohort study.SettingUsing data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database from 2000 to 2010.Participants and exposurePatients with spinal curvature disorders were selected using codes from the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification. A cohort without spinal curvature was randomly frequency-matched to the spinal curvature disorders cohort at a ratio of 2:1 according to age, sex and index year.Primary outcome measuresThe risk of injury was analysed using Cox’s proportional hazards regression models adjusting for age, sex, comorbidities, urbanisation level and socioeconomic status.ResultsA total of 20 566 patients with spinal curvature disorders and 41 132 controls were enrolled in this study. The risk of injury was 2.209 times higher (95% CI 2.118 to 2.303) in patients with spinal curvature disorders than in the control group. The spinal curvature disorders cohort exhibited higher risk of developing injury compared with the control group, regardless of age, sex, comorbidities, urbanisation level and subgroup of spinal curvature disorders. Based on the subgroup analysis, the spinal curvature disorders cohort had higher risks of unintentional injury and injury diagnoses such as fracture, dislocation, open wound, superficial injury/contusion, crushing and injury to nerves and spinal cord compared with the control cohort.ConclusionsPatients with spinal curvature disorders have a significantly higher risk of developing injury than patients without spinal curvature disorders. Aggressive detection and management of spinal curvature disorders may be beneficial for injury prevention.

Personalized Preoperative Education Reduces Perioperative Anxiety in Old Men with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Gerontology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Lihong Li ◽  
Shasha Li ◽  
Yating Sun ◽  
Shaoxia Zhang ◽  
Xue Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Informed Consent ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Preoperative Education ◽  
Old Patients

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Psychological health is important to old patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) after prostatic surgery. In this retrospective cohort study, we evaluated the effect of personalized preoperative education in the reduction of perioperative anxiety in old BPH patients after prostatic surgery. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Senior patients (≥65 years) admitted with a diagnosis of BPH and scheduled for initial transurethral resection of the prostate from January 1, 2017 to November 30, 2019 were retrieved. Patients in the preoperatively educated group completed the Chinese version of generalized anxiety disorder 7-item scale (GAD-7) form to evaluate their anxiety level at admission and 14 days clinical visits after individual preoperative education. Patients in the control group completed GAD-7 forms but did not receive personalized preoperative education. Patients in both groups discussed their disease with physicians during clinic visits and after admission, and were given an informed consent about their treatment plans. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Seven hundred and twenty-four patients were retrieved, including 312 patients who received preoperative education and 412 patients who did not. There were significantly lower postoperative GAD-7 score and fewer moderate to severe postoperative anxiety patients in the preoperatively educated group (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.01). Patients with education above secondary education level had less perioperative anxiety. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Personalized education incorporated with shared valuable physiological and psychological experience and expectations dealing with BPH, in comparison to traditional uniformed patient education and informed consent before surgery, may reduce perioperative anxiety more efficiently in BPH patients. A higher educational level helps patients reduce perioperative anxiety before and after their personalized preoperative education.

scholarly journals Post-covid syndrome in individuals admitted to hospital with covid-19: retrospective cohort study

BMJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. n693
Author(s):  
Daniel Ayoubkhani ◽  
Kamlesh Khunti ◽  
Vahé Nafilyan ◽  
Thomas Maddox ◽  
Ben Humberstone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
General Population ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Matched Control Group ◽  
Rate Ratios

Abstract Objective To quantify rates of organ specific dysfunction in individuals with covid-19 after discharge from hospital compared with a matched control group from the general population. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting NHS hospitals in England. Participants 47 780 individuals (mean age 65, 55% men) in hospital with covid-19 and discharged alive by 31 August 2020, exactly matched to controls from a pool of about 50 million people in England for personal and clinical characteristics from 10 years of electronic health records. Main outcome measures Rates of hospital readmission (or any admission for controls), all cause mortality, and diagnoses of respiratory, cardiovascular, metabolic, kidney, and liver diseases until 30 September 2020. Variations in rate ratios by age, sex, and ethnicity. Results Over a mean follow-up of 140 days, nearly a third of individuals who were discharged from hospital after acute covid-19 were readmitted (14 060 of 47 780) and more than 1 in 10 (5875) died after discharge, with these events occurring at rates four and eight times greater, respectively, than in the matched control group. Rates of respiratory disease (P<0.001), diabetes (P<0.001), and cardiovascular disease (P<0.001) were also significantly raised in patients with covid-19, with 770 (95% confidence interval 758 to 783), 127 (122 to 132), and 126 (121 to 131) diagnoses per 1000 person years, respectively. Rate ratios were greater for individuals aged less than 70 than for those aged 70 or older, and in ethnic minority groups compared with the white population, with the largest differences seen for respiratory disease (10.5 (95% confidence interval 9.7 to 11.4) for age less than 70 years v 4.6 (4.3 to 4.8) for age ≥70, and 11.4 (9.8 to 13.3) for non-white v 5.2 (5.0 to 5.5) for white individuals). Conclusions Individuals discharged from hospital after covid-19 had increased rates of multiorgan dysfunction compared with the expected risk in the general population. The increase in risk was not confined to the elderly and was not uniform across ethnicities. The diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of post-covid syndrome requires integrated rather than organ or disease specific approaches, and urgent research is needed to establish the risk factors.

scholarly journals In-Hospital Mortality After Blood Purification With and Without Acrylonitrile-Co-Methallyl Sulfonate Surface-Treated Membrane for Pneumonia-Associated Sepsis: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kentaro Hayashi ◽  
Yusuke Sasabuchi ◽  
Hiroki Matsui ◽  
Mikio Nakajima ◽  
Hiroyuki Ohbe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diagnosis Procedure Combination ◽  
Inpatient Database

Abstract Background: Cytokine removal therapy is one of the available therapies for sepsis. Acrylonitrile-co-methallyl sulfonate surface-treated (AN69ST, sepXiris®) membrane has cytokine adsorption capacity and has been widely used for treating sepsis in Japan. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) with AN69ST membrane and conventional CRRT for patients with pneumonia-associated sepsis.Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the Diagnosis Procedure Combination database, a nationwide inpatient database in Japan. We identified adult patients who were hospitalized due to pneumonia and received CRRT within 2 days of admission from September 2014 to March 2017. We included patients who received CRRT with AN69ST membrane within 2 days of admission in the treatment group (AN69ST group); those who received CRRT with other membranes within 2 days of admission were included in the control group (non-AN69ST group). Propensity score matching was used to compare in-hospital mortality between the two groups.Results: Eligible patients (n=2,393) were categorized into the AN69ST group (n=631) or the non-AN69ST group (n=1,762). The overall in-hospital mortality rate in pneumonia patients treated with CRRT was 38.9%. Propensity score matching created a matched cohort of 545 pairs of patients. The in-hospital mortality rate was significantly lower in the AN69ST group than in the non-AN69ST group (35.8 vs. 41.8%, p=0.046).Conclusion: Our data suggest that CRRT with the AN69ST membrane was associated with a significantly lower in-hospital mortality than CRRT with standard membranes among patients with pneumonia-associated sepsis.

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