Comparative Analysis of Phenolic Compounds in Seven Hypericum Species and Their Antioxidant Properties

A comparative analysis of the phenolic compounds in the 70% EtOH extracts of Hypericum acutum, H. androsaemum, H. barbatum, H. hirsutum, H. maculatum, and H. richeri has been carried out using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array UV detection and high resolution TOF mass spectrometry. Quercetin, astilbin, I3, II8-biapigenin, orientin, 2”- O-acetylorientin, three phenolcarboxylic acids, and eight flavonols 3- O-glycosides were identified in the extracts on the basis of their on-line UV spectra, accurate mass spectral data, and in comparison of retention times with those from the standards. Fingerprint analysis of the extracts revealed significant differences in the qualitative and quantitative chemical composition of the studied species. Antioxidant assays with various reaction mechanisms were used including ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, DPPH, ABTS, superoxide anion radical scavenging capacity and inhibition of liposome peroxidation induced by Fe2+. The most potent were extracts of H. acutum and H. maculatum indicating this Hypericum species interesting for further research aimed as a potentially new source of biologically active compounds.

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Study on Phytochemical, Antibacterial, Antioxidant and Toxicity Profile of Viscum album Linn Associated with Acacia catechu

Nepal Journal of Biotechnology ◽

10.3126/njb.v3i1.14234 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 60-65

Author(s):

Meena Kusi ◽

Kanti Shrestha ◽

Rajani Malla

Keyword(s):

Brine Shrimp ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Viscum Album ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Frap Assay ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Percolation Method ◽

Brine Shrimp Toxicity ◽

Acacia Catechu

This study focuses on antibacterial, antioxidant and toxic potentials of Viscum album Linn, commonly known as European mistletoe associated with Acacia catechu (Khayer in Nepali). Methanol extract of the aerial parts of the Mistletoe was prepared by cold percolation method. The resulting extract was simultaneously subjected to phytochemical screening; anti-microbial activity; anti-oxidant potential and Brine shrimp toxicity test. The major biologically active phyto-constituents observed were alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids and cardiac glycosides. Upon antibacterial activity screening, the plant extract was found to be highly effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa with the zone of inhibition 16±1mm compared to 17±1mm of chloramphenicol (50 mcg). The antioxidant activity as EC50 value by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging activity was found to be 1.58 mg/ml while the ferric reducing capacity was measured to be 282.83±19.55 mg FeSO4.7H2O eqvt/g dry wt. of the extract during Ferric Ion Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) Assay. The LC50 value for Brine Shrimp Toxicity Assay was found to be 31.62 ppm. This study shows the medicinal value of the mistletoe associated with Acacia catechu. Further meticulous analysis of this plant might lead to identification of active biomolecules effective as drugs for various ailmentsNepal Journal of Biotechnology. Dec. 2015 Vol. 3, No. 1: 60-65

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Determination of Caffeine Content in Tea and Maté Tea by using Different Methods

Czech Journal of Food Sciences ◽

10.17221/612-cjfs ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 27 (Special Issue 1) ◽

pp. S213-S216 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

D. Komes ◽

D. Horžić ◽

A. Belščak ◽

K. Kovačević Ganič ◽

A. Baljak

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

High Performance ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Growth Conditions ◽

Hplc Method ◽

Frap Assay ◽

Chromatography Method ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Pharmaceutical Industries ◽

Mate Tea

Caffeine-containing products have been consumed for hundreds of years for their pleasant flavor and stimulating effects. In recent years, caffeine received increasing attention in food and pharmaceutical industries, due to its pharmacological properties which comprise stimulation of the central nervous system, peripheral vasoconstriction, relaxation of the smooth muscle and myocardial stimulation. The aim of this study was to determine the content of caffeine in five types of tea (white, yellow, green, oolong, black) and two types of maté tea (green maté and roasted maté tea). The content of caffeine was determined by using four different methods: extraction with chloroform, micromethod, method with lead-acetate and high performance liquid chromatography method (HPLC-PDA). The antioxidant capacity of teas as well as of the extracted (“raw”) caffeine was determined by using two methods: reactions with 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical (ABTS assay) and Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP assay). The content of caffeine has been associated with plant origin and growth conditions, as well as processing conditions. By applying all four methods, the highest content of caffeine was determined in white tea, whereas maté and roasted maté tea were characterised with the lowest content of caffeine. Spectrophotometric micro-method has proven to be the best alternative to the HPLC method. The highest antioxidant capacity was determined in yellow tea, while the lowest was determined in roasted maté tea. In comparison to the antioxidant capacity of teas, the antioxidant capacity of extracted (“raw”) caffeine is almost negligible, and does not contribute to the overall antioxidant properties of tea.

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Phenolic Compounds, Antioxidant Activities, and Inhibitory Effects on Digestive Enzymes of Different Cultivars of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25061276 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (6) ◽

pp. 1276

Author(s):

Ding-Tao Wu ◽

Xi-Rui Nie ◽

Dan-Dan Shen ◽

Hong-Yi Li ◽

Li Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Digestive Enzymes ◽

High Performance ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Natural Antioxidants ◽

Inhibitory Effects ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Radical Scavenging Capacity ◽

Scavenging Capacity

In this study, the phenolic profiles and bioactivities of five representative cultivars of okra collected in China were investigated. Noticeable variations of phenolic compounds and their bioactivities were observed among these different cultivars of okra. The contents of total flavonoids (TFC) in “Shuiguo”, “Kalong 8”, “Kalong 3”, “Wufu”, and “Royal red” ranged from 1.75 to 3.39 mg RE/g DW, of which “Shuiguo” showed the highest TFC. Moreover, five individual phenolic compounds were found in okra by high performance liquid chromatography analysis, including isoquercitrin, protocatechuic acid, quercetin-3-O-gentiobioside, quercetin, and rutin, while isoquercitrin and quercetin-3-O-gentiobioside were detected as the main phenolic compounds in okra. Moreover, all tested okra exhibited significant antioxidant activities (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging capacity, 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical scavenging capacity, and ferric reducing antioxidant power) and inhibitory effects on digestive enzymes (lipase, α-glucosidase, and α-amylase). Indeed, “Shuiguo” exhibited much better antioxidant activities and inhibitory activities on digestive enzymes, which might be attributed to its high TFC. Results suggested that okra, especially “Shuiguo”, could be developed as natural antioxidants and inhibitors against hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia in the fields of functional foods and pharmaceuticals, which could meet the increasing demand for high-quality okra with health-promoting properties in China.

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FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITY OF MARINE SPONGES COLLECTED FROM KOVALAM, CHENNAI

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i6.18115 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 321 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yuvarani Thambidurai ◽

Sudarsanam D ◽

Habeeb Skm ◽

Ashok Kumar T

Keyword(s):

Free Radical ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Free Radical Scavenging ◽

Marine Sponges ◽

Free Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Scavenging Activity ◽

Frap Assay ◽

Antioxidant Power

Objective: The main focus of this study is to screen the marine sponges for potent free radical scavenging activity. Methods: Various methods such as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay are employed to ascertain the antioxidant properties of marine sponges namely Dysidea herbacea and Sigmadocia pumila. Results: On analyzing, the result of ABTS assay D. herbacea and S. pumila exhibited almost equal antioxidant properties. While calculating the inhibitory concentration 50% value for DPPH assay, the Sample 1 and 2 has an IC of 655.49 and 826.739 μl, respectively, and in FRAP assay, the Sample 1 and 2 has an IC of 67.587 and 74.57 μg, respectively. Conclusion: Overall from this assay, D. herbacea revealed slightly better antioxidant activity when compared to S. pumila, also which in future may serve as a better source to fight against various diseases

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THE COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF SOME SAMBUCUS L. SPECIES

chemistry of plant raw material ◽

10.14258/jcprm.2019014037 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 127-137 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Любовь (Lyubov') Николаевна (Nikolaevna) Скрыпник (Skrypnik) ◽

Алина (Alina) Андреевна (Andreevna) Курашова (Kurashova)

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Total Content ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Sambucus Ebulus ◽

Amperometric Method

The antioxidant properties of fruits, flowers, leaves, bark (or stem) of elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.), red elderberry (Sambucus racemosa L.) and dwarf elder (Sambucus ebulus L.) were investigated. The total content of anthocyanins and total phenolic compounds content by using of Folin-Ciocalteu assay were determined spectrophotometrically. The total content of water-soluble antioxidants was investigated by amperometric method. The antioxidant activity (AOA) of plant extracts was measured using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical, ABTS (2,2’azinobis(3)ethylbenzthiazoline-6- sulfonic acid) radical and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) assays. It was established that the fruits of plants of the genus Sambucus L. were characterized by the maximum level of all studied antioxidants. High content of anthocyanins and phenolic compounds was determined in the leaves of elderberry and dwarf elder. The flowers of these elderberry species were distinguished by a high total content of water-soluble antioxidants. The highest antioxidant activity was observed in fruits extracts in comparison with other parts of the plant. Higher antioxidant activity was identified in the extract of the fruits of elderberry and dwarf elder than of the red elderberry fruits. The most optimal method for evaluating the antioxidant activity of elder extracts was the FRAP assay, which showed the highest correlation between AOA and individual antioxidant components, compared to DPPH and ABTS assays. Comparative analysis of antioxidant content and antioxidant activity of various plant parts of three elderberry species showed that the most promising sources of biologically active substances with antioxidant properties are fruits and flowers of elderberry and dwarf elder.

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Spectrum-Effect Relationship between HPLC Fingerprints and Antioxidant Activity of Yangyin Tongnao Prescription

Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2021/6650366 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Li Yu ◽

Yangyang Zhang ◽

Xixi Zhao ◽

Yu He ◽

Haofang Wan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

High Performance ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Frap Assay ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Effect Relationship ◽

Spectrum Effect

Yangyin Tongnao (YYTN) prescription is used as a traditional Chinese herbal formula, and it has antioxidant activity that mainly contributes in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. However, the compounds related to its antioxidant activity are still unknown. In the present study, the fingerprints of YYTN extracts under different extraction conditions were obtained by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to identify the common peaks to all the samples processed. A 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity assay and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay were carried out to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the extracts. Spectrum-effect relationship between HPLC fingerprints and antioxidant activity of YYTN was assessed by Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient (PPMCC) and multiple linear regression analysis (MLRA). The results showed that peaks 5, 6, 13, 15, and 24 of the fingerprints were closely connected to antioxidant activity. Five peaks were identified: vanillic acid (P5), puerarin (P7), ferulic acid (P13), daidzein (P21), and formononetin (P23). Our study successfully established the spectrum-effect relationship between HPLC fingerprints and antioxidant activity of YYTN, which provided a general method for establishing quality standards with a combination of chromatography and antioxidant activity.

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Phenolic Composition, Antioxidant Capacity and Antibacterial Activity of White Wormwood (Artemisia herba-alba)

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10010164 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 164

Author(s):

Muthanna J. Mohammed ◽

Uttpal Anand ◽

Ammar B. Altemimi ◽

Vijay Tripathi ◽

Yigong Guo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Soxhlet Extraction ◽

Hydroxyl Group ◽

Frap Assay ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Antimicrobial Effects ◽

Dpph Method ◽

Ic50 Values ◽

Fraction I

Artemisia herba-alba Asso. (Wormwood) is a wild aromatic herb that is popular for its healing and medicinal effects and has been used in conventional as well as modern medicine. This research aimed at the extraction, identification, and quantification of phenolic compounds in the aerial parts of wormwood using Soxhlet extraction, as well as characterizing their antimicrobial and anitoxidant effects. The phenolic compounds were identified in different extracts by column chromatography, thin layer chromatography (TLC), and high performance liquid chromatography. Five different fractions, two from ethyl acetate extraction and three from ethanolic extraction were obtained and evaluated further. The antimicrobial activity of each fractions was evaluated against two Gram-positive (Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus) and two Gram-negative microorganisms (Escherichia coli and Proteus vulgaris) using the disc-diffusion assay and direct TLC bioautography assay. Fraction I inhibited B. cereus and P. vulgaris, Fraction II inhibited B. cereus and E. coli, Fraction III inhibited all, except for P. vulgaris, while Fractions IV and V did not exhibit strong antimicrobial effects. Their antioxidant capabilities were also measured by calculating their ability to scavenge the free radical using DPPH method and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Ethanolic fractions III and V demonstrated excellent antioxidant properties with IC50 values less than 15.0 μg/mL, while other fractions also had IC50 values less than 80.0 μg/mL. These antioxidant effects were highly associated with the number of phenolic hydroxyl group on the phenolics they contained. These extracts demonstrated antimicrobial effects, suggesting the different phenolic compounds in these extracts had specific inhibitory effects on the growth of each bacteria. The results of this study suggested that the A. herba-alba can be a source of phenolic compounds with natural antimicrobial and antioxidant properties which can be used for potential pharmaceutical applications.

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Phenolic Composition of Artichoke Waste and its Antioxidant Capacity on Differentiated Caco-2 Cells

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11081723 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 1723 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Jiménez-Moreno ◽

Cimminelli ◽

Volpe ◽

Ansó ◽

Esparza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Chlorogenic Acid ◽

High Performance ◽

Total Concentration ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Intestinal Barrier ◽

Phenolic Composition ◽

Antioxidant Power

Artichoke waste represents a huge amount of discarded material. This study presents the by-products (bracts, exterior leaves, and stalks) of the “Blanca de Tudela” artichoke variety as a potential source of phenolic compounds with promising antioxidant properties. Artichoke residues were subjected to different extraction processes, and the antioxidant capacity and phenolic composition of the extracts were analyzed by spectrophotometric methods and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses, respectively. The most abundant polyphenols in artichoke waste were chlorogenic acid, luteolin-7-O-rutinoside, and luteolin-7-O-glucoside. Minor quantities of cynarin, luteolin, apigenin-7-O-glucoside, apigenin-7-O-rutinoside, and naringenin-7-O-glucoside were also found. The antioxidant activity of the obtained extracts determined by ABTS [2, 2’-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)], DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-pycrilhydracyl), and FRAP (Ferric Ion Reducing Antioxidant Power) was highly correlated with the total concentration of phenolic compounds. Chlorogenic acid, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, and luteolin-7-O-rutinoside, the most abundant compounds in 60% methanol extracts, are the components most responsible for the antioxidant activity of the artichoke waste extracts. The extract with the best antioxidant capacity was selected to assay its antioxidant potential on a model intestinal barrier. This action of the hydroxycinnamic acids on intestinal cells (Caco-2) was confirmed. In summary, artichoke waste may be considered a very interesting ingredient for food functionalization and for therapeutic purposes.

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Antioxidant properties and subchronic toxicity of the standardized extract of LAMIC, a phytomedicine prototype based on aqueous extracts from trunk bark of Lannea microcarpa Engl and K. Krause

Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics ◽

10.22270/jddt.v9i5.3285 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Lazare Belemnaba ◽

Madi Soubeiga ◽

Geoffroy G. Ouédraogo ◽

Tata Kadiatou Traoré ◽

Mathieu Nitiéma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Oral Administration ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Control Group ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Subchronic Toxicity ◽

Frap Assay ◽

Antioxidant Power

Aims: This study investigated the antioxidant activity and the 90 days subchronic toxicity of the standardized LAMIC phytomedicine prototype based on aqueous extracts from Lannea microcarpa trunk bark. Methods: Three spectrophotometric methods were used to evaluated the antioxidant activity of LAMIC which were 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical, 2,2’-azinobis(3-ethylbenzolin-6-sulphonate) (ABTS) radical scavenging assays and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. For the standardized LAMIC subchronic toxicity study, male and female Wistar rats were used by daily oral administration at doses of 500, 1000 and 1500 mg/kg bw consecutively for 90 days. Results: The LAMIC extract exhibit better inhibitory activity against DPPH radical than ABTS radical with respective IC50 values of 45.38±3.21 µg/mL and 66.45±18.76 µg/mL, while FRAP assay exhibit antioxidant activity of 211.34±15.92 mmol EAA/g. Subchronic oral administration of LAMIC was well-tolerated at all tested doses. No behavioral and physiological changes and mortality were observed. The LAMIC extract did not present any impact on general hematological parameters and biochemical parameters. Moreover, no significant changes were raised in organ and body weight of treated groups compared to the Control group. Conclusion: These results support that LAMIC prototype was a valuable source of natural antioxidants and no toxicity was associated to its long terms oral consumption in rats indicating a potential application as a cardiovascular protective formulation. Keywords: LAMIC–Lannea microcarpa–Standardization–Antioxidant–Subchronic toxicity.

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The interaction effect and optimal formulation of selected polyherbal extracts towards antioxidant activity

Food Research ◽

10.26656/fr.2017.4(6).281 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (6) ◽

pp. 2042-2048

Author(s):

N.F.A. Rahim ◽

N. Muhammad ◽

N. Abdullah ◽

B.A. Talip ◽

K.H. Poh

Keyword(s):

Interaction Effect ◽

Curcuma Longa ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Past Study ◽

Dpph Assay ◽

Frap Assay ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Curry Leaves

Past study showed that lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus), curry leaves (Murrya koenigii), turmeric (Curcuma longa) and ginger (Zingiber officinale) contain phytochemicals associated with antioxidant properties. However, all the herbs are tested individually and rarely mix together. This study was conducted to examine the antioxidant properties and interaction effect when combined. The plants studied were decocted with distilled water. Eighteen formulations of aqueous extracts were established using simplex lattice mixture design that was generated by Design Expert software. The antioxidant properties were analyzed by 2-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl radical scavenging (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) assays. The result showed that the mixture of lemongrass and curry leaves extracts gave the highest reading in DPPH assay (91.14%), FRAP assay (215.66 mM) and TFC (22.62 µg Rutin/mL). In the DPPH assay, the ratio of one to one (1:1) mixture of lemongrass with other plants extracts showed antagonistic interaction. There were five (5) formulations that showed synergistic interaction in all assays. However, there were two (2) formulations that showed antagonistic interactions on both DPPH and FRAP assays. No additive effect was observed in all formulations. The suggested optimum formulation contains 53.7% lemongrass, 43.4% curry leaves, 2.9% ginger and 0.0% turmeric. Most of the mixtures presented synergistic interactions. This indicated the potential of plant extract mixtures to be developed into nutraceutical products in the future by conducting in-vivo study.

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