Determinants of COVID-19 Response Strategies in Selected African Countries

Using protection motivation theory as the theoretical framework, this study investigates the factors that motivate COVID-19 response in Ghana, Cameroon, Lesotho and Uganda. Through simple random and snowball sampling techniques, 651 participants were selected. The study collected data with the aid of a survey questionnaire, which was analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics. Results show high perceived COVID-19 threats among the respondents. Consequently, response strategies, such as wearing of nose mask, hand sanitizer application and social distancing, which are perceived to be effective, have been adopted. It is evident that respondents’ demographics influence their COVID-19 threats and coping strategies. Nevertheless, the severity of COVID-19 impacts ( p = .00), efficacy of response strategies ( p = .00) and access to COVID-19 information ( p = .02) were the significant predictors of COVID-19 response, even though the efficacy of COVID-19 response strategies (beta = .55) emerged as the best predictor. It is imperative for African governments to prioritize COVID-19 education to control the spread of the pandemic and minimize its impact.

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When the shoe doesn’t fit: female consumers’ negative emotions

Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management ◽

10.1108/jfmm-12-2012-0078 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 338-356 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Lisa G. Curwen ◽

Juyeon Park

Keyword(s):

Coping Strategies ◽

Negotiation Process ◽

Snowball Sampling ◽

Content Type ◽

Female Consumers ◽

Footwear Industry ◽

Consumer Emotions ◽

Size Limits ◽

And Coping ◽

Post Purchase

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify and map out consumer emotions and their triggers and coping strategies practiced when the consumer has a dissatisfactory footwear product experience. Design/methodology/approach – A content analysis approach was employed to determine various types of consumer emotions and coping strategies and organize them into content categories in a systematic fashion. In-depth interviews were conducted with 13 female consumers. Findings – The researchers propose a typology of emotional triggers in the pre- and post-purchase stages which describe consumers’ dissatisfactory purchase experiences with footwear products. Three negative emotional triggers in the pre-purchase stage were identified, including the act of shoe shopping itself, poor availability of products, and unfair return on investment. Negative emotional triggers that caused consumers’ stresses in the post-purchase stage included uncertainty in outcome and unmet expectation. Problem- and emotion-focussed coping strategies were also identified. Research limitations/implications – This study used snowball sampling for locating a hidden consumer population that was dissatisfied with footwear products. Although the number of interviewees was appropriate for a qualitative study, the size limits generalization of study findings. Practical implications – Implications of this study for the footwear industry are to provide better products for the consumer to reduce her emotional stress and increase satisfaction. The industry may consider restructuring size assortments, evaluating users’ experiences, improving product quality, performance, and service, and providing customization. Originality/value – Literature is lacking on the ways in which consumers manage stressful emotional experiences of footwear purchase-related situations. This research is the first to identify valuable information on the mechanism of female consumers’ negotiation process of pre- and post-purchase footwear experiences. It is of value to researchers, designers, manufacturers, and retailers.

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Ecology of Depression in Spanish Children

European Psychologist ◽

10.1027/1016-9040.2.1.18 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 18-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Victoria del Barrio ◽

Carmen Moreno ◽

Rosa López

Keyword(s):

Problem Solving ◽

Young People ◽

Coping Strategies ◽

Life Events ◽

Social Factors ◽

Preventive Intervention ◽

Theoretical Framework ◽

Problem Solving Strategies ◽

And Coping

The research described here is based on Moos' theoretical framework -(1988), which assumes that events and coping strategies in the lives of individuals depend on personal and social factors operating on these individuals. The present project attempts to clarify: (1) possible relationships between emotional (depressive and anxious) states and specific, recent life events; and (2) the strategies employed by individuals in coping with disturbing life events. The results could serve to orientate preventive intervention in adolescents in order to promote safer problem-solving strategies in young people.

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Socio-Ecological Effects and Coping Strategies of Migrant Fishermen in Selected Communities in Gbarain & Ekpetiama Clans of Bayelsa State Nigeria

GIS Business ◽

10.26643/gis.v1i5.5146 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 1 (5) ◽

pp. 01-11

Author(s):

Elliot A. Sibiri

Keyword(s):

Coping Strategies ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Ecological Effects ◽

Health Conditions ◽

Ecological Problem ◽

Snowball Sampling ◽

Terrestrial Environment ◽

Chemical Substances ◽

Religious Sects ◽

And Coping

The migration of the fishing folks remains one of the most important demographic factors that affect the environment. Despite this awareness, the study of population and the terrestrial environment has been under-researched. This study therefore examined the socio-ecological effects and coping strategies of migrant fishermen in Gbarain and Ekpetiama Clans of Bayelsa State. This study is anchored on social ecological model. The survey interviewed 180 migrant fishermen in a snowball sampling technique using questionnaire in four communities (Agudama-Ekpetiama, Tombia, Gbarantoru and Polaku) of the clans. Descriptive statistics was utilized as the analytical tool of the data collected from the field of study. Findings showed that 67.8% of the respondents indicated suspicion about the social relationship that existed between migrant fishermen and the host communities. Out of these, about 37.0% said the suspicion was based on the fear of species’ extinction due to the use of chemical substances (8.3%) for fishing, 30.6% signified wife elopement as the reason for suspicion, 18.9% said fear of religious sects invasion in their communities. Because of the feedback loop system of the migrant fishermens activities on the environment, findings further revealed that most migrant fishermen (71.1%) were faced with ill-health conditions. Findings also revealed that most migrant fishermen (61.1%) coped with their ill-health conditions by patronizing traditional and spiritual healers for health care. This study therefore concluded that while migrant fishermen should be encouraged to establish cordial relationship with the host communities, the use of chemical substances or other methods of fishing that may result to ecological problem should be discouraged.

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Food Insecurity Among DACA Students and Its Perceived Sociocultural, Environmental and Policy Determinants – An Exploratory Study in a Midsized Western US University

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa043_069 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 218-218

Author(s):

Seth Klobodu ◽

Marianne Paiva ◽

Joanna Rodriguez ◽

Sarahi Calderon

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Coping Strategies ◽

Nutrition Education ◽

Financial Literacy ◽

Poor Quality ◽

Snowball Sampling ◽

Nutrition Survey ◽

University Campuses ◽

And Coping

Abstract Objectives Previous research suggests a relationship between food insecurity and college students. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of food insecurity, its determinants, and coping strategies among Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) students. Methods Participants were recruited using snowball sampling and private social media platforms in partnership with the Office of Diversity and its affiliate groups on campus. Eighteen DACA students completed the demographic and nutrition survey; eight students agreed to participate in focus groups (FG). A validated 10-item US Adult Food Security Survey was used to assess food insecurity. In the FGs, participants were asked a series of questions about their understanding of food insecurity, the perceived factors associated with food insecurity, and coping strategies and ideas used for improving food security on campus. All data were transcribed and participant identifiers removed. Content analysis was performed to ascertain common codes and themes. Results Thirteen of the 18 participants were identified as food insecure. Major themes that emerged as determinants of food insecurity were ineligibility of DACA students to secure government financial aid that non-DACA students are eligible to apply for while in college, lack of time to prepare meals, and inadequate budgeting skills. Some viewed affordable food as unhealthy, and consequently limited eating to avoid poor quality food. Some students chose to buy other basic needs over buying food. Some participants coped with food insecurity by rationing food while others acknowledged buying less expensive, but poorer quality or unhealthy food. Other participants relied on relatives, food pantries, or shared food among friends and roommates. To reduce food insecurity, participants recommended increasing nutrition education and financial literacy education for DACA students on university campuses. Increasing availability of scholarships, stipends, and paid internships are also important options. Conclusions Food insecurity and its impact is prevalent among this sample of students. This study suggests that the unique immigration status of DACA students contributes to their food insecurity. Funding Sources Research, Scholarship and Creative Activity Award, CSU Chico.

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Food consumption and coping strategies of urban-households in Nigeria during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown

World Nutrition ◽

10.26596/wn.202011335-50 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 35-50

Author(s):

Gideon O. Iheme ◽

Alli O. Jagun ◽

Ifeoma M. Egechizuorom ◽

Obinna C. Ogbonna ◽

Linda O. Edafioghor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coping Strategies ◽

Food Consumption ◽

Food Groups ◽

Snowball Sampling ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Urban Households ◽

Viral Spread ◽

Household Heads ◽

And Coping ◽

The Impact

Background and Objective: The COVID-19 has prompted many countries to adopt temporary “lockdown” as an approach to curtail viral spread. This study investigated the food consumption and coping strategies of urban-households in Nigeria during COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. Methods: This cross-sectional, web-based study employed a snowball sampling technique to recruit 477 household heads/spouses living in cities/towns of six Nigerian states by encouraging those sent the survey questionnaire link to share with their eligible contacts. Logistic regression was used to reveal the socio-economic determinants of households’ food consumption and coping strategies, as reported on self-administered questionnaires. Respondents were asked to retrospectively indicate how lockdown affected their food consumption. Results: More than half (55.7%) of respondents and 50.8% of their spouses reported a decline in their earning capacity. A high (>4days/week) mean consumption frequency of six food groups was reported. Consuming less expensive (mean, 2.64 ± SD 2.44 days/week) or less preferred foods (1.93 ± 2.04 days/week), and meal rationing (limit portions at meal time -1.50 ± 2.11 days/week, reduce meal number- 1.4 ± 2.19 days/week, limit adults intake- 1.28 ± 2.18 days/week) were the most common coping strategies adopted by the households.. The likelihood of adopting coping strategies was significantly higher amongst households with income decline, the less educated and self-employed categories. Conclusion: In this study, a high frequency of diverse food consumption and mild adoption of food related coping strategies was generally observed, however the impact of the lockdown on food coping strategies was significantly felt by some groups. Efforts to target social assistance programs to these disadvantaged groups should be promoted, as it will strengthen their resilience to cope with food crisis.

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Perceived Social Support and Coping Strategies among Heterosexual and Homosexual Individuals in Kerala: A Comparative Study

International Journal of Indian Psychology ◽

10.25215/0403.059 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Christelle Maria Lewis ◽

Dr Jaya A.T

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Coping Strategies ◽

Coping Strategy ◽

Perceived Social Support ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Snowball Sampling ◽

Face To Face ◽

Heterosexual Women ◽

And Coping

The study compared the perceived social support and coping strategies among heterosexual and homosexual individuals. The multidimensionality of perceived social support and coping mechanisms based on the model by Cohen and Lazarus (1979) was taken into account while conducting the study. A mixed method through snowball sampling in the field was adopted for a descriptive quantitative study, along with a supplementary qualitative study. The former was carried out using Google e-forms of Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (Zimet, 1998) and Coping Strategy Inventory (Tobin, 2001), and telephone and face to face interviews. The latter was conducted by collecting newspaper and media statistics (secondary data) and conversations on the phone and various social windows. The study was conducted on 10 heterosexual men, 10 homosexual men, 10 heterosexual women and 10 homosexual women from Kerala. The study reveals that there appears to be an exceeding low threshold of statistical significance of perceived social support among homosexual individuals when compared to heterosexual individuals. It also reveals the pattern of coping strategy employed by homosexual and heterosexual individuals with a potential significance in the social aspects of coping strategies. This study one of its kind and would aid in understanding the plight of homosexual individuals and break the taboo and uncertainty that revolves in this heteronormative society. It could also serve as a model of advocacy for the sexual minority in Kerala. The various inferences made could be used in developing an integrated model of social support and non support and to have a closure of youths’ experiences to structure effective awareness for prevention and intervention efforts by altering the bias of attribution to understand others.

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COVID-19: the psychological impact and coping strategies among youth during lockdown in India: the role of education

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20213012 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. 3848

Author(s):

M. M. Rajeev ◽

U. Harikrishnan

Keyword(s):

Coping Strategies ◽

Social Networking Sites ◽

Online Survey ◽

Early Stage ◽

Psychosocial Care ◽

Snowball Sampling ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Comparison ◽

And Coping

Background: COVID-19 is a biological disaster and its impact on the psychological wellbeing among individuals in the society. It affected all age group in the society and the youth are more vulnerable in the pandemic. The aim of the study was to understand the stress, anxiety, depression level and coping strategies among youth during the early stage of lockdown period in India.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study and 302 youth across India were respond ended through snowball sampling method. An online survey through google form and the tools were socio-demographic details, DASS-21 and coping strategies questionnaire. The self-reported English version online questionnaire were analysed through SPSS.Results: The study found that 36.8% of youth had stress, 32% of them had anxiety whereas 48.7% had depressive symptoms and 30.4% send their time in social networking sites during the early stage of lockdown in India. There were significant comparison between depression and recreational activities (x2=6.92; p=0.03) and highly significant comparison between depression and spending times in hobbies (x2=8.32; p=0.01).Conclusions: The youth need psychosocial care and support during this pandemic and the youth need to take up physical-mental-spiritual self-care activities.

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The Self-Efficacy in Multiple Sclerosis (SEMS) Scale

European Journal of Psychological Assessment ◽

10.1027/1015-5759/a000350 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 34 (5) ◽

pp. 352-360 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Silvia Bonino ◽

Federica Graziano ◽

Martina Borghi ◽

Davide Marengo ◽

Giorgia Molinengo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Coping Strategies ◽

Measurement Invariance ◽

Sense Of Coherence ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Concurrent Validity ◽

Rasch Analysis ◽

Well Being ◽

Psychological Well Being ◽

And Coping

Abstract. This research developed a new scale to evaluate Self-Efficacy in Multiple Sclerosis (SEMS). The aim of this study was to investigate dimensionality, item functioning, measurement invariance, and concurrent validity of the SEMS scale. Data were collected from 203 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients (mean age, 39.5 years; 66% women; 95% having a relapsing remitting form of MS). Fifteen items of the SEMS scale were submitted to patients along with measures of psychological well-being, sense of coherence, depression, and coping strategies. Data underwent Rasch analysis and correlation analysis. Rasch analysis indicates the SEMS as a multidimensional construct characterized by two correlated dimensions: goal setting and symptom management, with satisfactory reliability coefficients. Overall, the 15 items reported acceptable fit statistics; the scale demonstrated measurement invariance (with respect to gender and disease duration) and good concurrent validity (positive correlations with psychological well-being, sense of coherence, and coping strategies and negative correlations with depression). Preliminary evidence suggests that SEMS is a psychometrically sound measure to evaluate perceived self-efficacy of MS patients with moderate disability, and it would be a valuable instrument for both research and clinical applications.

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