Prevalence and Risk Factors of Chronic Rhinosinusitis in the Elderly Population of Korea

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 240-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi Sang Hwang ◽  
Hye Sun Lee ◽  
Si Nae Kim ◽  
Ji Hyung Kim ◽  
Dong-Joon Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Epidemiologic Study ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Elderly Group ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Increased Risk

Background Although a significant number of the clinical features and pathophysiologic mechanisms of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) have been described, only a few studies have been published on characterization of CRS in the field of aging. Objective We investigated the prevalence and risk factors of CRS in elderly (≥65 years old) Koreans using large-scale nationwide epidemiological data and compared the risk factors of elderly with those of younger adult participants (19–64 years old). Methods Data from 25 529 participants who completed the 2008–2012 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed. Diagnosis of CRS was done according to the EP3OS 2012 guideline for epidemiologic study. Risk factors of CRS were compared in the aspects of sociodemographics, general health behaviors, clinical characteristics, and comorbidities of participants. Results The prevalence of CRS was significantly higher in 5590 elderly than in 19 939 younger adults (6.55% vs 5.69%; P = .016. Some variables of socioeconomic status and mental health in the adult group were associated with increased risk of CRS but did not show association in the elderly group. We observed a significant association between CRS prevalence and comorbid allergic rhinitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis in both groups ( P < .05). However, in the elderly group, the associations were significantly weaker with regard to allergic rhinitis ( P-interaction = .03) and asthma ( P-interaction = .002). Conclusion These results suggest that elderly populations have distinct pathophysiology and clinical presentations from adult CRS, and management for elderly patients with CRS may require different or additional therapeutic approaches.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors of chronic rhinosinusitis in South Korea according to diagnostic criteria

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-335
Author(s):  
J.H. Kim ◽  
C. Cho ◽  
E.J. Lee ◽  
Y.S. Suh ◽  
B.I. Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Common Risk Factor ◽  
Endoscopic Findings ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Nasal Symptoms

Background: We aimed to compare the prevalence and risk factors of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) using two different diagnostic criteria with the same statistical data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2009. Methods: Symptom-based CRS was defined as CRS diagnosed by questionnaires related to nasal symptoms. Endoscopy-based CRS was defined based on endoscopic findings and nasal symptoms of symptom-based CRS. Results: The overall prevalence of CRS based on the different diagnostic criteria was as follows: symptom-based CRS was 10.78% (797 of 7,394) and endoscopy-based CRS was 1.20% (88 of 7,343). Comparing symptom-based CRS to endoscopy-based CRS showed slight agreement (kappa = 0.183 (0.150-0.216, 95% confidence interval)). Allergic rhinitis was identified as a common risk factor for CRS based on the two diagnostic criteria. Conclusions: The prevalence and risk factors of CRS were quite different from each other according to the different criteria, even in the same population. Therefore, it would be important to consider what specific diagnostic criteria have been adopted in the studies comparing the prevalence of CRS.

Abstract T P136: Potential Contributors to the Declining Impact of Stroke Risk Factors with Age: Implications for Stroke Epidemiology in the Elderly

Stroke ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
George Howard ◽  
Mary Cushman ◽  
Maciej Banach ◽  
Brett M Kissela ◽  
David C Goff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Stroke Risk ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Stroke Risk Factors ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Age Related Changes

Purpose: The importance of stroke research in the elderly is increasing as America is “graying.” For most risk factors for most diseases (including stroke), the magnitude of association with incident events decreases at older ages. Potential changes in the impact of risk factors could be a “true” effect, or could be due to methodological issues such as age-related changes in residual confounding. Methods: REGARDS followed 27,748 stroke-free participants age 45 and over for an average of 5.3 years, during which 715 incident strokes occurred. The association of the “Framingham” risk factors (hypertension [HTN], diabetes, smoking, AFib, LVH and heart disease) with incident stroke risk was assessed in age strata of 45-64 (Young), 65-74 (Middle), and 75+ (Old). For those with and without an “index” risk factor (e.g., HTN), the average number of “other” risk factors was calculated. Results: With the exception of AFib, there was a monotonic decrease in the magnitude of the impact across the age strata, with HTN, diabetes, smoking and LVH even becoming non-significant in the elderly (Figure 1). However, for most factors, the increasing prevalence of other risk factors with age impacts primarily those with the index risk factor absent (Figure 2, example HTN as the “index” risk factor). Discussion: The impact of stroke risk factors substantially declined at older ages. However, this decrease is partially attributable to increases in the prevalence of other risk factors among those without the index risk factor, as there was little change in the prevalence of other risk factors in those with the index risk factor. Hence, the impact of the index risk factor is attenuated by increased risk in the comparison group. If this phenomenon is active with latent risk factors, estimates from multivariable analysis will also decrease with age. A deeper understanding of age-related changes in the impact of risk factors is needed.

scholarly journals Cigarette Smoking and Risk of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Does Cessation of Smoking Really Help?

Stroke ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 32 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. 362-362
Author(s):  
Abutaher M Yahia ◽  
Adnan Qureshi ◽  
M Fareed K Suri ◽  
Zulfiqar Ali ◽  
Lee R Guterman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Johns Hopkins University ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cerebrovascular Risk ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Independent Association

P128 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Smoking has been shown to increase the risk of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). It remains unclear whether cessation of smoking decreases this risk. To address this issue, we performed a case control study examining the effect of smoking and other known risk factors for cerebrovascular disease on the risk of SAH. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of all patients with a diagnosis of SAH (n=323) admitted to the Johns Hopkins University hospital between January 1990 and June 1997. Controls matched for age, sex, and ethnicity (n=969) were selected from the nationally representative sample of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We determined the independent association between smoking (present and previous) and various cerebrovascular risk factors and SAH using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Of 323 patients admitted with SAH (mean age 52.7±14 years; 93 were men), 149 (46%) were currently smoking and 125(39%) were previous smokers. In the multivariate analysis, both previous cigarette smoking (OR = 3.4; 95% CI, 2.3–5.1) and present cigarette smoking (OR = 2.0; 95% CI, 1.3–3.0) were significantly associated with SAH. Hypertension was also significantly associated with SAH (OR = 2.4; 95% CI, 1.8–3.3). CONCLUSION: Cigarette smoking increases the risk for SAH as suggested in previous studies. However, the increased risk persists even after cessation of cigarette smoking suggesting the importance of early abstinence from smoking.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Age-Related Maculopathy

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul P. Connell ◽  
Pearse A. Keane ◽  
Evelyn C. O'Neill ◽  
Rasha W. Altaie ◽  
Edward Loane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Epidemiologic Study ◽  
Case Series ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Factor H ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Complement Factor ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related

Age-related maculopathy (ARM) is the leading cause of blindness in the elderly. Although beneficial therapeutic strategies have recently begun to emerge, much remains unclear regarding the etiopathogenesis of this disorder. Epidemiologic studies have enhanced our understanding of ARM, but the data, often conflicting, has led to difficulties with drawing firm conclusions with respect to risk for this condition. As a consequence, we saw a need to assimilate the published findings with respect to risk factors for ARM, through a review of the literature appraising results from published cross-sectional studies, prospective cohort studies, case series, and case control studies investigating risk for this condition. Our review shows that, to date, and across a spectrum of epidemiologic study designs, only age, cigarette smoking, and family history of ARM have been consistently demonstrated to represent risk for this condition. In addition, genetic studies have recently implicated many genes in the pathogenesis of age-related maculopathy, including Complement Factor H, PLEKHA 1, and LOC387715/HTRA1, demonstrating that environmental and genetic factors are important for the development of ARM suggesting that gene-environment interaction plays an important role in the pathogenesis of this condition.

scholarly journals Examining the relationship between sepsis and oropharyngeal dysphagia in hospitalised elderly patients: a retrospective cohort study

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 256-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayodele Sasegbon ◽  
Laura O’Shea ◽  
Shaheen Hamdy
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Elderly Person ◽  
Oropharyngeal Dysphagia ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
New Onset

IntroductionElderly people are recognised to be at increased risk of oropharyngeal dysphagia (OPD), the causes of which are multifactorial. Our aim was to identify if sepsis is associated with OPD in the elderly during hospitalisation in the absence of known other risk factors for OPD.MethodsA hospital electronic database was searched for elderly patients (≥65 years) referred for assessment for suspected dysphagia between March 2013 and 2014. Exclusion criteria were age <65 years, pre-existing OPD or acute OPD secondary to acute intracranial event, space-occupying lesion or trauma. Data were collected on factors including age, sex, comorbidities, existing OPD, sepsis, microbiology, recovery of OPD and medication. Sepsis was defined as evidence of a systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a clinical suspicion of infection.ResultsA total of 301 of 1761 screened patients referred for dysphagia assessment met the inclusion criteria. The prevalence of sepsis and subsequent OPD was 16% (51/301). The mean age was 83 years (median 81 years). The most common comorbidity was dementia (31%). The majority (84%) failed to recover swallowing during their hospital stay, 12% had complications of aspiration and 35% died. The most common source of sepsis was from the chest (55%). Other factors contributing to the risk for dysphagia included delirium (22%) and neuroactive medication (41%). However, 10% of patients had sepsis and subsequent OPD without other identified risk factors.ConclusionThe prevalence of sepsis and subsequent dysphagia is significant and should be taken into account in any elderly person in hospital with new-onset OPD without other predisposing risk factors.

scholarly journals Age-Related Differences in the Time Course of Coagulation and Fibrinolytic Parameters in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5613
Author(s):  
Ryuta Nakae ◽  
Yu Fujiki ◽  
Yasuhiro Takayama ◽  
Takahiro Kanaya ◽  
Yutaka Igarashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Elderly Group ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
D Dimer

Coagulopathy and older age are common and well-recognized risk factors for poorer outcomes in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients; however, the relationships between coagulopathy and age remain unclear. We hypothesized that coagulation/fibrinolytic abnormalities are more pronounced in older patients and may be a factor in poorer outcomes. We retrospectively evaluated severe TBI cases in which fibrinogen and D-dimer were measured on arrival and 3–6 h after injury. Propensity score-matched analyses were performed to adjust baseline characteristics between older patients (the “elderly group,” aged ≥75 y) and younger patients (the “non-elderly group,” aged 16–74 y). A total of 1294 cases (elderly group: 395, non-elderly group: 899) were assessed, and propensity score matching created a matched cohort of 324 pairs. Fibrinogen on admission, the degree of reduction in fibrinogen between admission and 3–6 h post-injury, and D-dimer levels between admission and 3–6 h post-injury were significantly more abnormal in the elderly group than in the non-elderly group. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, independent risk factors for poor prognosis included low fibrinogen and high D-dimer levels on admission. Posttraumatic coagulation and fibrinolytic abnormalities are more severe in older patients, and fibrinogen and D-dimer abnormalities are negative predictive factors.

scholarly journals Parkinson’s Disease and Symptomatic Osteoarthritis Are Independent Risk Factors of Falls in the Elderly

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 117954411988493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anneli Teder-Braschinsky ◽  
Aare Märtson ◽  
Marika Rosenthal ◽  
Pille Taba
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Symptomatic Knee ◽  
Risk Of Falls ◽  
Risk Factors For Falls

Objectives: Deteriorating functionality and loss of mobility, resulting from Parkinson’s disease, may be worsened by osteoarthritis, which is the most common form of joint disease causing pain and functional impairment. We assessed the association between symptomatic hip or knee osteoarthritis, falls, and the ability to walk among patients with Parkinson’s disease compared to a control group. Methods: A total of 136 patients with Parkinson’s disease in Southern Estonia and 142 controls with an average age of 76.8 and 76.3 years, respectively, were enrolled in a retrospective case-control study. Information on falls and related fractures during the previous year was collected from the patients with Parkinson’s disease and controls. Covariates included gender, age, mobility, duration of Parkinson’s disease, and fractures. Results: Patients with Parkinson’s disease were at an increased risk of falls compared to the control group, and for the higher risk of fractures. Symptomatic knee or hip osteoarthritis was a significant independent predictor of falls in both patients with Parkinson’s disease and controls. The higher risk for fractures during the previous year was demonstrated in symptomatic osteoarthritis. Risk factors for falls included also female gender, use of sleep pills, and the inability to walk 500 m. Conclusions: Symptomatic hip and knee osteoarthritis are risk factors for falls and related fractures among the elderly population with and without Parkinson’s disease. The inability to walk 500 m could be used as a simple predictive factor for the increased risk of falls among elderly populations.

scholarly journals Nutrition and cognitive impairment in the elderly

2001 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. González-Gross ◽  
Ascensión Marcos ◽  
Klaus Pietrzik
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Clinical Onset ◽  
Related Risk

As the number of older people is growing rapidly worldwide and the fact that elderly people are also apparently living longer, dementia, the most common cause of cognitive impairment is getting to be a greater public health problem. Nutrition plays a role in the ageing process, but there is still a lack of knowledge about nutrition-related risk factors in cognitive impairment. Research in this area has been intensive during the last decade, and results indicate that subclinical deficiency in essential nutrients (antioxidants such as vitamins C, E and β-carotene, vitamin B12, vitamin B6, folate) and nutrition-related disorders, as hypercholesterolaemia, hypertriacylglycerolaemia, hypertension, and diabetes could be some of the nutrition-related risk factors, which can be present for a long time before cognitive impairment becomes evident. Large-scale clinical trials in high-risk populations are needed to determine whether lowering blood homocysteine levels reduces the risk of cognitive impairment and may delay the clinical onset of dementia and perhaps of Alzheimer's disease. A curative treatment of cognitive impairment, especially Alzheimer's disease, is currently impossible. Actual drug therapy, if started early enough, may slow down the progression of the disease. Longitudinal studies are required in order to establish the possible link of nutrient intake – nutritional status with cognitive impairment, and if it is possible, in fact, to inhibit or delay the onset of dementia.

Prevalence of Impaired Kidney Function in the German Elderly: Results from the Berlin Aging Study II (BASE-II)

Gerontology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maximilian König ◽  
Maik Gollasch ◽  
Ilja Demuth ◽  
Elisabeth Steinhagen-Thiessen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Aging Study

Background: In aging populations with an ever-growing burden of risk factors such as obesity, diabetes, and hypertension, chronic kidney disease (CKD) is on the rise. However, little is known about its exact prevalence among elderly adults, and often albuminuria is not included in the definition of CKD. Moreover, novel equations for the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) have recently emerged, which have not been applied comprehensively to older adults. Data on CKD awareness among the elderly are sparse. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of CKD among older adults by eGFR and albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR), compare the performance of 6 established and novel eGFR formulas, explore risk factors, and determine the awareness of CKD in a large cohort of community-dwelling elderly from Germany. Methods: A total of 1,628 subjects from the Berlin Aging Study II (BASE-II) were included in this analysis (mean age 68.7 years; 51.2% female). Extensive cross-sectional data on sociodemographics, lifestyle, medication, and diagnoses were inquired during structured interviews and a medical examination, and blood and urine parameters were measured. Results: In all, 77.1% of the subjects had hypertension, 12.4% had diabetes, and 18.3% were obese. The prevalence of CKD strongly depended on the eGFR equations used: 25.4% (full age spectrum [FAS] equation), 24.6% (Berlin Initiative Study), 23.1% (Lund-Malmö revised), 19.3% (Cockcroft-Gault), 16.4% (Chronic Kidney Disease-Epidemiology Collaboration [CKD-EPI]), and 14.7% (Modification of Diet in Renal Disease [MDRD]). Of the subjects with an eGFRFAS <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and/or an ACR >30 mg/g, only 3.9% were aware of having CKD. Polypharmacy, age, BMI, coronary artery disease, non-HDL cholesterol, and female sex were independently associated with CKD. Conclusions: CKD is prevalent among older adults in Germany, but awareness is low. The FAS equation detects higher rates of CKD than MDRD and CKD-EPI, which are most widely used at present. Also, when CKD is defined based on eGFR and albuminuria, considerably more people are identified than by eGFR alone. Finally, polypharmacy is associated with an increased risk for CKD in the elderly.

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