scholarly journals A Weberian Study of Small, Prosperous Democracies

SAGE Open ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 215824401668068
Author(s):  
Pertti Ahonen
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Ideal Type ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Political Dimension ◽  
Economic Dimension ◽  
Ideal Types ◽  
Fiscal Austerity

Max Weber constructed ideal types highlighting economic, social, political, or other values in objects of inquiry to utilize these ideal types in empirical studies. In this article, Weber’s ideal type, the ideal type of Herrschaft—“domination”—is adapted first to examine New Zealand, and using New Zealand as baseline to next examine Finland. The asymmetric comparative design is applied along three dimensions of domination. In an economic dimension, New Zealand highlights ways of countering threats of volatility and stagnation by means of retrenchment and fiscal austerity—characteristics also found in Finland. In a continuum from residual welfare for the worst-off to universal welfare for all in the social dimension, New Zealand is situated closer to the former and Finland the latter end. In the political dimension, dismantling concentrations of political power but retaining capacity at the “center of government” receives emphasis in New Zealand, and counterparts can be also found in Finland.

Problems in the policy-making capability of senior civil servants.

1986 ◽  
Vol 1 (0) ◽  
pp. 83-93
Author(s):  
Dong Suh Bark
Keyword(s):  
Political Stability ◽  
Civil Servants ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Primary Group ◽  
Political Dimension ◽  
Economic Dimension ◽  
Group Activities ◽  
Individualism And Collectivism

This paper deals with three major problems in the views of Korean senior civil servants on power, time and community. First, Korean senior civil servants regard power as the most valuable and their attitudes are highly authoritarian. Second, they focus on short-term rather than long-term aspects in decision making and planning. Third, the primary group instead of the secondary group is preferred and the proper relationship between individualism and collectivism is misunderstood. The paper, then, proposes prescriptive methods to deal with the three problems from three dimensions: (1) in social dimension, to promote group activities on the basis of democratic education and to improve their participation and autonomy; (2) in economic dimension, to lessen the governmental regulation over the private economy and to strengthen private independent sector; (3) in political dimension, to improve the political stability and responsibility.

Impact of globalization on human rights: evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 1453-1480
Author(s):  
Aman Takiyar ◽  
N.V.M. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Political Dimension ◽  
Economic Dimension ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the impact of globalization and its multiple dimensions on human rights in Sub-Saharan Africa.Design/methodology/approachThe study extends the Poe and Tate (1994) model, which enumerates the various determinants of human rights. Ordered probit estimation is used to estimate the impact of globalization and its dimensions. For the purpose of empirical analysis, the period has been divided into three phases: short, medium and long term. This helps in understanding how the impact of the different dimensions of globalization has evolved over a period of time. Furthermore, analysis has been carried out to detect causality between human rights and globalization.FindingsAs per the results, overall globalization and social dimension of globalization do have a positive impact on human rights in long and medium term and, also, Granger-cause human rights. The political dimension of globalization has a positive relation with human rights, though there exists no causality between the two. On the other hand, the economic dimension of globalization fails to have a statistically significant impact on human rights. Impact of the social dimension of globalization dominates that of other dimensions of globalization.Originality/valueThis is one of the few studies that examine, in an empirical fashion, the impact of globalization on human rights in Sub-Saharan Africa.

scholarly journals Four Dimensions of Women’s Empowerment in Tourism: Case Study of Indrayanti Beach, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. Layouting
Author(s):  
Arisanti Ayu Wardhani ◽  
Indah Susilowati
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Sustainable Tourism ◽  
Women's Empowerment ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Women’S Empowerment ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Political Dimension ◽  
Economic Dimension ◽  
Four Dimensions

The emergence of sustainable tourism has led to a new tourism concept called ecotourism. Ecotourism has the principle of environmental preservation and the local communities’ welfare produces a significant impact on indigenous people in the area. This is because the local community is involved in managing sustainable tourism. Women who are part of the community have the same opportunities as men in accessing opportunities from ecotourism activities. Based on empirical research results, tourism activities create alternative jobs for women to be more independent economically, including the fact that the participation of women in tourism activities has a positive impact on them socially. Empowering women is an important part of community welfare efforts in the scope of tourism, so that women’s empowerment is important in the tourism development process. This study aims to analyze the ongoing empowerment of women and what factors are the drivers and barriers to empowerment in Indrayanti Beach as one of the leading destinations in Gunungkidul Regency as seen from four dimensions (economic, social, political, and psychological). The mixed-method approach has been used in research. It was found that the level of women’s empowerment in Indrayanti Beach had shown a good enough score with the highest average score in the economic dimension, namely 7.64, where women economically have received a positive impact from Indrayanti Beach. The lowest average score is on the political dimension, with a value of 5.82. Women politically still do not have awareness if their role is important for the sustainability of Indrayanti Beach tourism. For the social dimension, the average is 6.81, and the psychological dimension on average is 7.47, where women feel socially and psychologically empowered quite well. The main driver of women’s empowerment is the opportunity and permission from their families to participate in tourism activities. The main obstacle to women’s empowerment is the low self-confidence due to skills that have not been maximized. 

scholarly journals Structural Dissonance, Enacted Hope and Initial Early Childhood Teacher Education in Aotearoa/New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Bradley Robert John Hannigan
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Education ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Student Teachers ◽  
Ideal Type ◽  
Early Childhood Teacher ◽  
Early Childhood Teacher Education ◽  
Ideal Types ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
The Ideal

<p>This thesis argues that there is structural dissonance in university-based initial early childhood teacher education programmes in Aotearoa/New Zealand, and suggests a pedagogy of enacted hope as a countermeasure. In this thesis, structural dissonance is constructed as a form of structural violence, which is based on the contradiction between socioculturalism in the content of IECTE programmes and individualisation in the context in which they are provided. This theoretical thesis uses Richard Rorty’s (1979, 1982, 1989, 1999) neo-pragmatic assumptions on truth, reality and knowledge to provide a coherent and consistent approach to the argument of structural dissonance and enacted hope. Distinctions between truth and justification, reality and appearance, found and made are rejected, and utility for social justice, language use, and an ironist approach to scholarship are adopted. This thesis uses philosophical hermeneutics as a methodology for interpreting the textual sources that make up the data drawn upon in this thesis. This methodology is linked to interpretive scholarship, research bricolage, and the constructivist paradigm in qualitative research. The methods used in this thesis are an ecological hermeneutic, ideal type method (converted into an interpretive method of textual analysis) and focus groups of student teachers. This thesis constructed two ideal types. The ideal type for socioculturalism is used to argue that the content of IECTE programmes is heavily influenced by socioculturalism. The ideal type for individualisation is used to argue that the context in which IECTE programmes are provided reproduces individualisation. Socioculturalism and individualisation are shown to be dissonant in the structure of a case IECTE programme in Aotearoa/New Zealand resulting in a situation of structural dissonance. A pedagogy of enacted hope is then proposed to counteract structural dissonance in the case study IECTE programme in Aotearoa/New Zealand. This pedagogy is constructed using a theory of hope developed through the integration of Ernst Bloch’s (1986) philosophy of hope, Rortyan philosophical assumptions and enactivist learning theory. Implications of using the pedagogy of enacted hope are then discussed in relation to the problem of structural dissonance.</p>

The Influences of Travel Expenses on the Indicator Factors of Sustainability in GMS Member Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 233
Author(s):  
Chaturaporn SIHABUTR ◽  
Sakkarin NONTHAPOT
Keyword(s):  
Granger Causality ◽  
National Development ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Good Opportunity ◽  
Economic Dimension ◽  
Environmental Dimension ◽  
The Social

The Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) member countries contain tourism resources that can attract foreign tourists to visit. This is also a good opportunity for national development under the concept of sustainability in three dimensions, i.e., environmental, economic, and social. Data from 1990 to 2019 was used, which were brought for the unit root test. Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) was used for finding the cointegration, and the vector error correction model (VECM) and Vector autoregression (VAR) were utilized for finding the short-term relationship. The Granger causality test was based on the travel expenses on the factors of sustainability. The results revealed that the data had different stationarity levels. Similarly, the influences of travel expenses on the dimensions of sustainability of each country were different, too. The long-term relationship was found from the travel expenses on the environmental dimension in Cambodia, Myanmar, and Thailand. The travel expenses were the Granger causality for the environmental dimension in those countries, and had a long-term relationship on the social dimension in Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Thailand. However, this factor only showed the Granger causality on the social dimension in Myanmar. For the economic dimension, travel expenses had a long-term relationship only in Cambodia, and the Granger causality for the economic dimension in Cambodia and Thailand. However, travel expenses did not affect the sustainability in any dimensions in Vietnam, which possibly implied that the influences of travel expenses on sustainability in different indicators depended on the structure, readiness, and the context of each country.

scholarly journals The Impact of Sustainability on the Financial Performance of Jordanian Islamic Banks

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Abdelfattah Hamdan Zyadat
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Economic Dimension ◽  
Islamic Bank ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Sustainability Reports ◽  
The Impact

The study looked into the effect of the three dimensions of sustainability (economic dimension, environmental dimension, and social dimension) on the financial performance of Jordanian Islamic banks represented by (return on assets, return on equity, and earnings per share) during the period (2008-2014).<strong> </strong>The study sample contained two main Islamic banks in Jordan, namely: Jordan Islamic Bank and Arab Islamic Bank. Required data was collected from the annual reports, financial statements, sustainability reports, and social responsibility reports of the Jordanian Islamic banks from (2008-2014). Items for the dimensions of sustainability were determined, and their level of exercise was measured, by analyzing the content of these reports (content analysis), as well as the financial indicators of financial performance, which have been extracted from the financial statements of the surveyed banks.<strong> </strong>The study results have shown the presence of a statistically significant effect of the dimensions of sustainability on the financial performance measured by ROA and EPS in the Jordanian Islamic banks. However, there was no statistically significant effect of the dimensions of sustainability on the financial performance as measured by ROE in those banks. Finally, the study has encouraged Islamic banks to adopt a rational and prudent investment and financial policies, make proper operational decisions to generate revenue, maximize profits, and achieve shareholder objectives, issue sustainability reports to discover if goals and activities are compatible to the goals and interests of society and the environment, and increase their interest in sustainability.

Assesment of zakat distribution

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 743-766
Author(s):  
Rahman Saleh Rahmat ◽  
Mohamad Soleh Nurzaman
Keyword(s):  
Development Program ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Absolute Poverty ◽  
Economic Dimension ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Central Java ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Village

Purpose This study aims to assess the feasibility of zakat distribution conducted by zakat community development program, one of the BAZNAS programs in Bringinsari village, Sukorejo subdistrict, Kendal Regency, Central Java using the zakat village index (IDZ). Design/methodology/approach IDZ has five components in measuring the effectiveness of charity for the welfare of the community is the economic dimension, the dimension of education, dimension of health, social dimension of humanity and dimensions of da’wah. The economic dimension consists of four variables, namely, the presence of productive economic activities, trade centers and access to transportation and logistics services and the presence of access to financial institutions. Findings Based on IDZ measurement in Bringinsari village, it is found that IDZ of this village is 0.47. It showed that the condition of the village is good enough. As the result of this calculation, Bringinsari village is under consideration to receive zakat funding. Research limitations/implications This research will be done in Bringinsari village Sukorejo district, Kendal regency from April 1, 2018 until July 2, 2018. Practical implications Based on the result of IDZ result done in Bringinsari Sukorejo district, Kendal regency, it is gained index calculation result for about 0.47. Therefore, the conclusion is drawn that the village deserves to get zakat funding. Economic dimension is still low, 0.32. Therefore, in this case, a motivation to help villagers is needed. The exact program in improving the people in Bringinsari based on priority is economic, health, education program in accordance with IDZ calculation. Social implications The welfare measurement of zakat receiver or mustahiq adopts welfare index (CIBEST). CIBEST model combines material and spiritual fulfillment of human needs quadrants. This index is split into four categories, namely, welfare, material poverty, spiritual poverty and absolute poverty (Puskas BAZNAS, 2016). Originality/value Based on measurement result that has been obtained, the authors can recommend some program activities to help improving their welfare. There are three dimensions, which IDZ prioritized or considered to be assisted, such as economic dimension, activity program for housewives. If Bringinsari has got an indicator as a good village and the impact is good as well, therefore, it can try to move zakat fund distribution to other villages.

Melancholy

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julius Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Religious Experience ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
Ideal Type ◽  
Religious Ethics ◽  
Lived Religion ◽  
Ideal Types ◽  
Experience Emotion ◽  
The Ideal

Max Weber's concept of religious ethos proves important to the study of religion and emotion. Through the concept of religious ethos, Weber developed a structural phenomenology of religious experience, emotion, personality, and life-order. In the spirit of Max Weber, this article investigates a variety of religious ethics and their affinity with melancholy. These ethics include inner-worldly asceticism (Protestant evangelical pietism), other-worldly asceticism (Christian monasticism), and inner-worldly mysticism (apophaticism and quietism among Christian mystics, in Hasidism, and in Sufism). The discussion proceeds using Weber's concept of the ideal type, where each religious ethos is articulated with clarity and precision, in a logically consistent form that accentuates or exaggerates certain aspects of religious experience and expression. In this manner, ideal types create “logical utopias” that are not intended realistically to describe or to depict, photographically, the lived religion of peoples in concrete settings.

scholarly journals Sustainability Awareness of In-Service Physical Education Teachers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 798
Author(s):  
Salvador Baena-Morales ◽  
Alberto Ferriz-Valero ◽  
Javier Campillo-Sánchez ◽  
Sixto González-Víllora
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Physical Education Teachers ◽  
Economic Dimension ◽  
The Social ◽  
Development Goals

Physical Education has been described as a subject with unique characteristics that can contribute to achieving Sustainable Development Goals. However, an analysis of PE teachers’ (PETs) sustainability consciousness has not yet been conducted. For this purpose, a total of 203 PETs completed the validated SCQ-S instrument to measure the three dimensions of sustainable development in three components of consciousness (attitudes, knowledge and behaviours). The results obtained show that the PETs have a high consciousness for sustainable development (SD), except for attitudes within the economic dimension. Sex has been identified as a variable that determines awareness in sustainability with significantly higher scores for women in all the variables evaluated, except for knowledge and behaviour in the social dimension. These findings provide new knowledge within the Physical Education and SD paradigm, serving as a link for future research that aims to harness the benefits of Physical Education for the sustainability of the planet.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM VILLAGE THROUGH CBT APPROACH IN KAYUTANGAN HERITAGE VILLAGE, MALANG CITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 314-327
Author(s):  
Ribka Aprilia Murtikasari ◽  
Tukiman Tukiman
Keyword(s):  
Social Dimension ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Political Dimension ◽  
Economic Dimension ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Village

Kayutangan Heritage Village is a tourism village that presents the authenticity of the village with all the historical relics in the form of buildings with Dutch colonial pattern, culinary, and socio-cultural people in it that become an attraction to be visited and enjoyed so as to bring up memories of the past. Kayutangan Heritage Village is managed and developed independently by The Tourism Conscious Group (Pokdarwis). This study aims to know, describe and analyze the Development of Tourism Villages through a Community Based Tourism (CBT) Approach in Kayutangan Heritage Village, Malang. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative. Sampling techniques used are purposive sampling and snowball sampling. The results of this study show that Kayutangan Heritage Village has fulfilled all dimensions of CBT development, namely economic dimension, social dimension, cultural dimension, environmental dimension and political dimension as has been conveyed through the theory of CBT development dimension by Suansri quoted by Sunaryo (2013:142). However, the implementation of the development of Kayutangan Heritage Village through CBT has not been optimal, because there are some things that are still not considered in the economic and environmental dimensions.

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