scholarly journals Influenza Vaccination: Incidence of Symptoms and Resulting Absenteeism in Hospital Employees

AAOHN Journal ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 477-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Gabel Speroni ◽  
Elaine Dawson ◽  
Martin Atherton ◽  
Joy Corriher
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Sore Throat ◽  
Hospital Workers ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Hospital Employees ◽  
Runny Nose ◽  
Related Absenteeism ◽  
Stuffy Nose

A convenience sample of hospital workers, those receiving influenza vaccine and those not receiving vaccine, were asked to complete questionnaires delineating the occurrence of symptoms (e.g., fever, headache, extreme tiredness, dry cough, sore throat, runny nose, stuffy nose, muscle aches) and absenteeism in the 7-day period post-vaccination if vaccinated. Those unvaccinated completed the questionnaire in a self-selected 7 consecutive day period during the study conducted from November 2004 to February 2005. Those receiving either Fluzone® or FluMist™ reported significantly fewer symptoms and related absenteeism than the unvaccinated group (p < .05). Administration of influenza vaccine did not result in higher rates of post-vaccination symptoms as compared to an unvaccinated group. Further, vaccinated employees did not experience higher absenteeism rates as a result of receiving either influenza vaccine. However, for those reporting absenteeism as a result of symptoms, mean absenteeism days were highest in the FluMist group (4.5 days) compared to the unvaccinated group (2.1 days) and the Fluzone group (1.9 days).

scholarly journals The Effects of Imprinting and Repeated Seasonal Influenza Vaccination on Adaptive Immunity after Influenza Vaccination

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 663
Author(s):  
Amy C. Sherman ◽  
Lilin Lai ◽  
Mary Bower ◽  
Muktha S. Natrajan ◽  
Christopher Huerta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Fold Change ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Seasonal Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Vaccine Responses ◽  
Immune Factors ◽  
Antibody Secreting Cells

(1) Background: The influenza virus continues to cause significant annual morbidity and mortality. The overall efficacy of seasonal influenza vaccination is suboptimal, which is partly due to host immune factors. The effects of imprinting and repeated seasonal influenza vaccination were investigated to assess for immune factors and mechanisms that impact influenza vaccine responses. (2) Methods: Twenty participants were enrolled into a prospective pilot study based on birth cohort and seasonal influenza immunization history. Immunologic parameters were assessed over a six-month period after the seasonal influenza vaccine was administered. (3) Results: There was no significant imprinting effect, as measured by hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) fold change, HAI geometric mean titer (GMT) for Day 29 or Day 180 post-vaccination and antigen- specific antibody-secreting cells (ASC) for Day 8 post-vaccination. Individuals who had minimal prior seasonal influenza vaccination had a higher magnitude ASC response and a higher HAI fold change post-vaccination than individuals who were repeatedly vaccinated. (4) Conclusions: Repeated seasonal influenza vaccination resulted in a decreased fold change of the immune response, although individuals in this cohort tended to have high HAI titers at baseline that persisted after vaccination. Imprinting effects were not observed in this cohort. These host immune factors should be considered in the development of universal influenza vaccines. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03686514.

scholarly journals No Effect of Acute Eccentric Resistance Exercise on Immune Responses to Influenza Vaccination in Older Adults: A Randomized Control Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud T. Elzayat ◽  
Melissa M. Markofski ◽  
Richard J. Simpson ◽  
Mitzi Laughlin ◽  
Emily C. LaVoy
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Intracellular Cytokine Staining ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Antibody Titers

IntroductionOlder adults are at elevated risk for morbidity and mortality caused by influenza. Vaccination is the primary means of prophylaxis, but protection is often compromised in older adults. As resistance exercise mobilizes immune cells into muscle, it may enhance vaccination response.PurposeCompare antibody and cell mediated immune responses to influenza vaccination in older adults who performed eccentric resistance exercise immediately prior to vaccination to those who did not exercise.MethodsTwenty nine resistance training-naive older adults (20 women, 73.9 ± 5.3 years) were randomized to 1 of 3 groups: vaccination in the same arm that exercised (Ex-S), vaccination in the opposite arm that exercised (Ex-Op), and seated rest (No-Ex). Exercise consisted of 10 sets of 5 eccentric unilateral repetitions at 80% of the pre-determined concentric one repetition maximum. Lateral raises were alternated with bicep curls. No-Ex sat quietly for 25 min. Following exercise or rest, all received the 2018 quadrivalent influenza vaccine (Seqirus Afluria) in the non-dominant deltoid. Antibody titers against each influenza vaccine strain were determined by hemagglutinin inhibition assays at baseline, 6-, and 24-weeks post-vaccination. Influenza-specific T cells were quantified after stimulation with the vaccine by intracellular cytokine staining.ResultsNo significant group x time effects were found in antibody responses to any strain (interaction for A/H1N1: p = 0.682; A/H3N2: p = 0.644; B/Colorado/06/2017: p = 0.262; B/Phuket/3073/2013: p = 0.851). Groups did not differ in fold-increase of antibody titers 6- and 24-weeks post-vaccination. Influenza-specific T-cells did not differ between groups at any time (comparison at baseline: p = 0.985; 6-weeks: p = 0.889; 24 weeks: p = 0.857). One subject (Ex-S) reported flu-like symptoms 18 weeks post-vaccination.ConclusionAcute arm eccentric exercise did not influence antibody titers or cell mediated immune responses to the influenza vaccine delivered post-exercise in older adults. More strenuous exercise may be required for exercise to act as an adjuvant. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03736759.

scholarly journals 160. Safety and Immunogenicity of Escalating Dose Formulations of High-dose Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine in Children 6 Months Through < 18 Years of Age

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S209-S210
Author(s):  
Leejah Chang ◽  
Evan J Anderson ◽  
Robert Jeanfreau ◽  
Ying He ◽  
Bryony Hicks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Study Investigator ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Us Children

Abstract Background Children do not respond immunologically as well as adults to standard-dose (SD) influenza vaccination and remain at increased risk of influenza and its complications. A method to improve efficacy in children may be to increase antigen amount per dose, a successful strategy used in older adults. Trivalent high-dose (HD) influenza vaccine (60ug hemagglutinin/strain) showed significantly improved effectiveness for prevention of clinical outcomes related to influenza in adults ≥65 years; moreover, a quadrivalent HD formulation was approved by US FDA (2019) for use in this group. Methods A Phase 2, randomized, modified double blind study (NCT03698279) was conducted in US and Canadian children to evaluate safety and immunogenicity of IIV4-HD compared to an IIV4-SD and adjuvanted trivalent influenza vaccine (aIIV3). Children (n=661, 6 months through &lt; 18 years) were assigned to receive intramuscularly 1 of 3 formulations of IIV4-HD (30, 45, or 60 µg HA/strain/dose), a licensed IIV4-SD, or a licensed aIIV3. Depending on child’s previous influenza vaccination status and age, they received 1 or 2 doses of study vaccine 28 days apart. Post-vaccination (28 days after each vaccination) geometric mean titers (GMTs) and seroconversion rates were measured using hemagglutinin inhibition (HAI) assay. Reactogenicity data were collected through 1 week; safety data were collected through 6 months post-vaccination. Results IIV4-HD was more reactogenic than IIV4-SD, but unsolicited related adverse events were similar (Table 1). No related serious adverse events or deaths occurred. A dose-related increase in HAI GMT ratio was observed across the age range for A/H3N2 but only in children 6 months through &lt; 3 years for A/H1N1 and the 2 B strains (Table 2). Compared with IIV4-SD, the 60 µg HA/strain/dose formulation of IIV4-HD generated highest HAI GMT ratios and high seroconversion rates for all 4 strains in US children 6 months through &lt; 3 years. Canadian children receiving IIV4-HD generated HAI titers incongruent to those of US children receiving IIV4-HD, limiting direct comparison against aIIV3. Safety Overview (US and Canadian subjects 6 months through &lt;18 years) HAI GMT Ratios (QIV-HD/QIV-SD) at 28 days After the Last Vaccination (US subjects 6 months through &lt;18 years) Conclusion The favorable safety profile and the HAI GMT ratios support pediatric dose selection of 60µg HA/strain/dose as most appropriate to evaluate in Phase 3. Disclosures Leejah Chang, MD, Sanofi Pasteur (Employee) Evan J. Anderson, MD, Sanofi Pasteur (Scientific Research Study Investigator) Robert Jeanfreau, MD, Sanofi Pasteur (Scientific Research Study Investigator) Ying He, PhD, Otsuka Pharmaceutical (Employee)Sanofi Pasteur (Other Financial or Material Support, Former employee) Bryony Hicks, BSc, Sanofi Pasteur (Employee) Anju Shrestha, MD, Sanofi Pasteur (Employee) Aseem Pandey, PhD, Sanofi Pasteur (Employee)Sanofi Pasteur (Employee) Rawia Khoury, BSc, Sanofi Pasteur (Employee) Iris De Bruijn, PhD, Sanofi Pasteur (Employee) Victoria Landolfi, MS, MBA, Sanofi Pasteur (Employee)

scholarly journals No effect of resistance exercise on antibody responses to influenza vaccination in older adults: a randomized control trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud T Elzayat ◽  
Melissa M Markofski ◽  
Richard J Simpson ◽  
Mitzi Laughlin ◽  
Emily C LaVoy
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Antibody Titers

Older adults are at elevated risk for morbidity and mortality caused by influenza. Vaccination is the primary means of prophylaxis, but protection is often compromised in older adults. As acute eccentric resistance exercise mobilizes immune cells into muscle, it may enhance vaccination response. PURPOSE: Compare antibody responses to influenza vaccination in older adults who performed resistance exercise prior to vaccination to those who did not exercise. METHODS: 29 resistance training-naive older adults (20 women, 73.9 +/- 5.3 years) were randomized to 1 of 3 groups: vaccination in the same arm that exercised (Ex-S), vaccination in the opposite arm that exercised (Ex-OP), and seated rest (No-Ex). Exercise was unilateral and consisted of 10 sets of 5 eccentric repetitions at 80% of the pre-determined concentric one repetition maximum. Lateral raises were alternated with bicep curls. No-Ex sat quietly for 25 min. Following exercise or rest, all subjects received the 2018 quadrivalent influenza vaccine (Seqirus Afluria) in the non-dominant deltoid. Antibody titers against the four influenza vaccine strains were determined by hemagglutinin inhibition assays at baseline, 6-, and 24-weeks post-vaccination. Group differences in antibody titers by time were assessed by restricted maximum likelihood mixed models. Fold-changes in antibody titers 6- and 24-weeks from baseline were compared between groups by Kruskal-Wallis tests. RESULTS: No significant group x time effects were found for any strain. Groups did not differ in fold-increase of antibody titers 6- and 24-weeks post-vaccination. Although seroconversion rates remained low, only one subject (Ex-S) reported flu-like symptoms 18 weeks post-vaccination. CONCLUSION: Acute arm eccentric exercise did not influence antibody titers to the influenza vaccine delivered post-exercise in older adults. More strenuous exercise may be required for exercise to act as an adjuvant.

scholarly journals Barriers Associated with Seasonal Influenza Vaccination among College Students

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie M. Benjamin ◽  
Kaitlin O. Bahr
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
Public Health Education ◽  
College Campuses ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Seasonal Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Seasonal Influenza Vaccination

Influenza can spread rapidly on college campuses because of high-density living conditions and frequent social interactions. However, seasonal influenza vaccination rates on college campuses are low. The purpose of this study is to identify barriers associated with receipt of the seasonal influenza vaccination. Questionnaires were completed by a convenience sample of 383 undergraduate students in January 2014. Data were analyzed to identify barriers associated with receiving the seasonal influenza vaccine. Only 20.6% of students reported receiving the vaccine within the last 6 months. Among students who did not receive the vaccine, 47.8% believed they would get influenza from the vaccine, 41.6% believed the vaccination may have dangerous side effects, and 39.6% believed they were not at risk for contracting influenza. The majority of nonvaccinated students did not believe cost of the vaccine or access to the vaccine were barriers. Many college students are not receiving the seasonal influenza vaccine, representing an important area for improvement. Understanding potential barriers associated with receipt of this vaccine is important for identifying and creating effective public health education programs and campaigns. There is a need for enhanced vaccination education efforts among college students, particularly with respect to the safety and importance of this vaccine.

scholarly journals 2739. Comparison of Hemagglutination Antibody Inhibition (HAI) Titers Following Influenza Vaccination by Birth Cohort and Repeated Influenza Vaccination History

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S964-S964
Author(s):  
Amy C Sherman ◽  
Lilin Lai ◽  
Mary B Bower ◽  
Muktha S Natrajan ◽  
Christopher M Huerta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Fold Change ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
The Past ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Vaccination History ◽  
Research Grant

Abstract Background The host immune response to influenza vaccination can be affected by prior imprinting to a specific influenza strain based on birth cohort and prior influenza vaccination history. Understanding the underlying immune mechanisms is essential to development of an improved seasonal vaccine and an effective universal influenza vaccine. Methods This is a prospective pilot study, with a total of 20 subjects in either the H3N2 cohort (N = 10, born 1968–1977) or the H1N1 cohort (N = 10, born 1948–1957). Each cohort was further stratified by subjects who have received the influenza vaccine < 2 or ≥ 3 of the past 5 years. The FDA-approved quadrivalent 2018–19 influenza vaccine (containing A(H1N1), an A/Michigan/45/2015-like virus; A(H3N2), an A/Singapore/INFIMH-16–0019/2016-like virus; B/Colorado/06/2017-like virus; and B/Phuket/3073/2013-like virus) was administered on Day 1. Demographic information included age, gender, ethnicity, and BMI. HAI titers for each component of the vaccine were obtained at baseline, 29 days post-vaccination, and 180 days post-vaccination. HAI fold-change and HAI geometric mean titers (GMT) were analyzed. Results There was no significant difference between H1N1 or H3N2 HAI fold-change in the H3N2 birth cohort (P = 0.7496) or in the H1N1 birth cohort (P = 0.8237), Figure A. Comparing HAI fold-change for the repeatedly vs. minimally vaccinated groups, there was a significant higher fold change in the minimally vaccinated group (H1N1 HAI (P = 0.002) and H3N2 HAI (P < 0.0001), Figure B). GMT was higher at baseline for the repeatedly vaccinated group (H1N1, 70; H3N2, 98; vs. H1N1, 30; H3N2, 21 for the minimally vaccinated group); however, the GMT for the minimally vaccinated group was higher at day 29 (H1N1, 172; H3N2, 184; vs. H1N1, 422; H3N2, 299 for the minimally vaccinated group; Figure C). HAI titers and analysis at day 180 post vaccination are in progress. Conclusion There was no evidence of an imprinting effect by birth cohort for HAI titer magnitudes, even when stratified by vaccination history. There was a significantly higher HAI fold change for individuals who had received minimal influenza vaccinations in the past 5 years at 29 days post-vaccination. Individuals who had repeated vaccinations in the last 5 years had higher HAI GMT at baseline. Disclosures Nadine Rouphael, MD, Merck: I conduct as Emory PI the PNEUMO MERCK study at Emory, Research Grant; Pfizer: I conduct as co-PI the RSV PFIZER study at Emory, Research Grant; Sanofi-Pasteur: I conducted as Emory PI the CDIFFENSE trial at Emory, Research Grant.

scholarly journals Changes in Cell-Mediated Immunity (IFN-γ and Granzyme B) Following Influenza Vaccination

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1137
Author(s):  
Naruhito Otani ◽  
Kazuhiko Nakajima ◽  
Kaori Ishikawa ◽  
Kaoru Ichiki ◽  
Takashi Ueda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes ◽  
Interferon Gamma ◽  
Granzyme B ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ifn Γ

Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) is considered a key moderator of cell-mediated immunity. However, little is known about its association with granzyme B, which plays an important role in the effector function of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). In the present study, we collected blood samples from 32 healthy adults before and after vaccination with inactivated influenza vaccine in 2017/18 to measure the levels of IFN-γ and granzyme B, which play roles in cell-mediated immunity, and hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) antibody, which plays a role in humoral immunity. The levels of IFN-γ and granzyme B were significantly correlated both before and after vaccination. Furthermore, the post-vaccine fold increases in the IFN-γ and granzyme B levels were significantly correlated. The levels of IFN-γ and granzyme B decreased five months after vaccination in more than half of the subjects who exhibited an increase in IFN-γ and granzyme B at two weeks post-vaccination. This is the first study to investigate the correlation between IFN-γ and granzyme B levels following influenza vaccination. Our study suggests that both IFN-γ and granzyme B can be used as markers of cell-mediated immunity.

Influenza vaccination coverage in a population-based cohort of Australian-born Aboriginal and non-Indigenous older adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amalie Dyda ◽  
Surendra Karki ◽  
Marlene Kong ◽  
Heather F Gidding ◽  
John M Kaldor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Torres Strait Islander ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
P Value ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Medical Risk ◽  
Torres Strait

Background: There is limited information on vaccination coverage and characteristics associated with vaccine uptake in Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander adults. We aimed to provide more current estimates of influenza vaccination coverage in Aboriginal adults. Methods: Self-reported vaccination status (n=559 Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander participants, n=80,655 non-Indigenous participants) from the 45 and Up Study, a large cohort of adults aged 45 years or older, was used to compare influenza vaccination coverage in Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander adults with coverage in non-Indigenous adults. Results: Of Aboriginal and non-Indigenous respondents aged 49 to <65 years, age-standardised influenza coverage was respectively 45.2% (95% CI 39.5–50.9%) and 38.5%, (37.9–39.0%), p-value for heterogeneity=0.02. Coverage for Aboriginal and non-Indigenous respondents aged ≥65 years was respectively 67.3% (59.9–74.7%) and 72.6% (72.2–73.0%), p-heterogeneity=0.16. Among Aboriginal adults, coverage was higher in obese than in healthy weight participants (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=2.38, 95%CI 1.44–3.94); in those aged <65 years with a medical risk factor than in those without medical risk factors (aOR=2.13, 1.37–3.30); and in those who rated their health as fair/poor compared to those who rated it excellent (aOR=2.57, 1.26–5.20). Similar associations were found among non-Indigenous adults. Conclusions: In this sample of adults ≥65 years, self-reported influenza vaccine coverage was not significantly different between Aboriginal and non-Indigenous adults whereas in those <65 years, coverage was higher among Aboriginal adults. Overall, coverage in the whole cohort was suboptimal. If these findings are replicated in other samples and in the Australian Immunisation Register, it suggests that measures to improve uptake, such as communication about the importance of influenza vaccine and more effective reminder systems, are needed among adults.

scholarly journals 22. Description of Hospitalized Patients with Influenza Vaccine Failure

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S35-S35
Author(s):  
Joanna Kimball ◽  
Yuwei Zhu ◽  
Dayna Wyatt ◽  
Helen Talbot
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza Season ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Vaccine Failure ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Immunosuppressed Patients

Abstract Background Despite influenza vaccination, some patients develop illness and require hospitalization. Many factors contribute to vaccine failure, including mismatch of the vaccine and circulating strains, waning immunity, timing of influenza season, age and patient comorbidities such as immune function. This study compared vaccinated, hospitalized patients with and without influenza. Methods This study used 2015–2019 Tennessee data from the US Hospitalized Adult Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Network database. Enrolled patients were ≥ 18 years vaccinated for the current influenza season and admitted with an acute respiratory illness. Patient or surrogate interviews and medical chart abstractions were performed, and influenza vaccinations were confirmed by vaccine providers. Influenza PCR testing was performed in a research lab. Statistical analyses were performed with STATA and R using Pearson’s chi-squared, Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests and multivariate logistic regression. Results 1236 patients met study criteria, and 235 (19%) tested positive for influenza. Demographics, vaccines and comorbidities were similar between the two groups (Table 1) except for morbid obesity, which was more common in influenza negative patients (13% vs 8%, p = 0.04), and immunosuppression, which was more common in the influenza positive (63% vs 54%, p = 0.01). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated older patients (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.03–2.10) and immunosuppressed patients (OR 1.56, 1.15–2.12) were at increased risk for influenza (Table 2 and Figure 1). Immunosuppression also increased the risk for influenza A/H3N2 (OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.25–2.75). A sensitivity analysis was performed on patients who self-reported influenza vaccination for the current season without vaccine verification and demonstrated increased risk of influenza in older adults (OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.16–2.39). Table 1: Demographics of influenza positive versus influenza negative patients in influenza vaccinated, hospitalized patients. Table 2: Logistic regression analyses of vaccinated, hospitalized influenza positive patients; vaccinated, hospitalized patients with influenza A subtypes and self-reported vaccinated, hospitalized influenza positive patients. Figure 1: Predicted Probability of Hospitalization with Influenza, Influenza A/H1N1 and Influenza A/H3N2 in Vaccinated Patients by Age. Conclusion Our study demonstrated an increased risk of influenza vaccine failure in older patients and immunosuppressed patients. These groups are also at increased risk for influenza complications. To improve protection of these patients against future influenza illnesses, more effective vaccines are needed, and more research on ring vaccination should be pursued. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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