scholarly journals Epidemiology of Judo-Related Injuries in 21 Seasons of Competitions in France: A Prospective Study of Relevant Traumatic Injuries

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 232596711984747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Frey ◽  
Christophe Lambert ◽  
Benoit Vesselle ◽  
Romain Rousseau ◽  
Frédéric Dor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Traumatic Injuries ◽  
Incidence Proportion ◽  
Full Contact ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
A Prospective Study

Background: Judo is a full-contact fighting sport that may lead to severe injuries. There are limited data available on the incidence of judo-related injuries. The French Judo Federation has established a surveillance system to document the frequency and type of injuries during judo competitions. Purpose: To describe the incidence rates and types of judo-related traumatic injuries during 21 seasons of competitions in France with respect to athlete (judoka) age, sex, and level of performance. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Between 1993 and 2014, each physician in charge of each judo competition filled out a form in which he/she documented the number of competing judokas, the number of fights, the number of medical interventions, the specific type of traumatic injuries for each intervention, the number of fight interruptions, and the number of athletes removed from the competition venue because of an injury. The age, sex, and level of performance of each judoka were also documented. Variance analysis was applied to assess whether differences in incidence rates of injuries between groups were significant (Student t test and chi-square test). Results: Surveillance of 421,670 fights demonstrated 3511 injuries in 316,203 judokas (incidence proportion, 1.1%). Among the injuries recorded, the most common were sprains (54.3%), fractures (15.6%), and dislocations (12.5%). Female athletes exhibited significantly higher incidence rates for knee sprains and elbow dislocations, whereas male athletes exhibited a higher incidence rate for shoulder dislocations ( P < .001 for all). Regarding age, higher incidence rates were observed in young adults (aged 18-20 years) for acromioclavicular sprains and in children (aged 10-14 years) for clavicle fractures compared with adults (aged 21-35 years) ( P < .001 for both). Both young adult and adult athletes had a higher incidence rate of shoulder dislocations ( P < .001). Regarding the level of performance, athletes competing at higher levels had a higher incidence rate of sprains to the knee ( P < .001). Conclusion: During 21 years of surveillance of injuries in judo competitions in France, the incidence proportion of injuries was 1.1%. Significant differences in incidence rates demonstrated when considering age, sex, and level of performance may help in developing strategies to prevent traumatic injuries in the future.

scholarly journals Injuries in Korean Elite Taekwondo Athletes: A Prospective Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 5143
Author(s):  
Boae Son ◽  
Young Jae Cho ◽  
Hee Seong Jeong ◽  
Sae Yong Lee
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Event Type ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Injury Surveillance System ◽  
Common Location ◽  
Rate Ratios ◽  
A Prospective Study

This prospective cohort study aimed to identify the incidence and characteristics of Taekwondo-related injuries according to age, sex, and event type (i.e., practice or competition) based on a web-based injury surveillance system (ISS) with a follow-up period of 12 months. A total of 285 members of the Korea Taekwondo Association who competed in the 2016 season participated. Injury incidence rates (IRs) were calculated per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs). Injury rate ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated and compared regarding age, sex, and event type. During the season, 336 injuries were reported, resulting in a rate of 6.31/1000 AEs. The most common location, type, and mechanism of injury in Taekwondo athletes were the foot/ankle, ligament sprain, and contact with another player, respectively. The overall injury IRs associated with Taekwondo practicing and competition were 4.79/1000 AEs and 24.86/1000 AEs, respectively. The overall injury RR related to both practice and competition was higher in youth athletes than in adult athletes. However, adult athletes were more likely to sustain more severe injuries. Korean elite Taekwondo athletes were commonly exposed to injury, especially youth and female athletes. Therefore, continuation of the ISS suggests the development of interventions for preventing injuries sustained by Taekwondo athletes.

Trends in the incidence of work-related traumatic limb amputations in South Korea from 2004 to 2013

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inpyo Jeon ◽  
Ja-Ho Leigh ◽  
Jun-Soo Ro ◽  
Young Sun Ro ◽  
Seung Hak Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Establishment Size ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Incidence Trends ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Compensation Claims

Background:Epidemiological data for work-related traumatic limb amputations are limited worldwide, particularly incidence trends related to workplace characteristics.Objectives:To investigate nationwide incidence rates and trends for amputations according to industry and establishment size.Study design:Retrospective cohort study.Methods:Incidence rates were calculated using workers’ compensation claims in South Korea from 2004 to 2013. Age–sex standardization was conducted, and trends related to workplace characteristics were statistically analyzed using the chi-square test.Results:The overall incidence rate was 38.8 claims per 100,000 workers. Decreasing trends over time in age–sex standardized incidence were observed. Most claims occurred in manufacturing and construction industries. Incidence within the manufacturing decreased significantly ( p < 0.001), but not in the construction ( p = 0.130) industry. Small-sized establishments (<50 employees) accounted for 77.8% of claims. Incidence in small establishments significantly decreased between 2004 and 2013 ( p < 0.001).Conclusion:A decreasing incidence rate for traumatic amputations in manufacturing and small establishments may imply that preventive measures have been successful in South Korea. If so, these strategies may be useful for other fast-growing Asian economies. Further research is needed to identify the causes of traumatic amputations according to industry and establishment size.Clinical relevanceTrends in the incidence rate of work-related traumatic limb amputations related to workplace characteristics can provide useful information for policy makers to improve prevention strategies.

scholarly journals Incidence, Age-Specific, and Regional Distribution of Myocardial Infarction in Zanjan Province, Iran, during 2014-2019

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background: Myocardial Infarction (MI) is one of the most important cardiovascular diseases and the leading cause of 39% of deaths in Iran. Due to the different geographical diversity in Zanjan province, Iran, this study aimed to investigate the incidence, age-specific, and regional distribution of myocardial infarction in Zanjan province, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Zanjan University of Medical Sciences (ZUMS), Zanjan, Iran, in 2020. Data were collected from nine hospital information systems. The incidence rate, age-specific, and regional distribution of MI were calculated for each county. Chi-square test, independent sample t-test, and binary logistic regression methods were used to investigate significant relationships between variables. All statistical analyses were performed using RStudio and R software. Results: In total, 3,723 MI patients were hospitalized in ZUMS hospitals during 2014-2019. The overall incidence rate of MI was 348 cases (95% CI, 337-359) per 100,000 population. Moreover, the prevalence of this condition was higher in males compared to females and at age 80 and over. The incidence rates of MI increased by 84% from 49 cases (95% CI: 47-55) in 2014 to 90 cases (95% CI: 88-99) in 2019 (P<0001). Moreover, the highest incidence rate of MI was observed in Khorramdareh and Ijrood counties. Conclusion: This study provided an overview of the current status of MI incidence in Zanjan province, Iran. The highest incidence of MI was observed in males and at the southeast of the studied area. This study can help health authorities and policymakers prioritize resource allocation and employ prevention programs to reduce the incidence rate of MI.

EVALUATION OF CLINICO-RADIOLOGICAL FACTORS PREDICTING DIFFICULT LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY

2021 ◽  
pp. 63-66
Author(s):  
Wasif Mohammad Ali ◽  
Nazia Nanen ◽  
Atia Zaka Ur Rab ◽  
Syed Amjad Ali Rizvi ◽  
Mehtab Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽  
Gall Bladder ◽  
Open Cholecystectomy ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Safe Procedure ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Preoperative Prediction ◽  
Conversion To Open Cholecystectomy ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
A Prospective Study

Introduction: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has become procedure of choice for treatment of symptomatic gallstone [1] disease . Even though it is a safe procedure occasionally it can be difcult and requires conversion to open cholecystectomy for various problems faced during surgery. Preoperative prediction of difcult laparoscopic cholecystectomy and likelihood of conversion to open cholecystectomy will avoid such complications and overall cost of treatment. Aim: To evaluate the clinico-radiological factors predicting difcult laparoscopic cholecystectomy Methods: This was a prospective study conducted from October 2018 to November 2020. Total of 101 patients meeting inclusion criteria undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were included in the study. Various clinical, radiological and biochemical parameters and intraoperative difculties during surgery were recorded. The statistical analysis was done using chi-square test and ANOVA test. Results: The parameters such as sex, age, duration of disease, co-morbid disease, previous history of cholecystitis, palpable gall bladder, BMI, TLC, thickness of gall bladder, largest stone size and impacted stone are found statistically signicant in predicting difcult laparoscopic cholecystectomy and conversion to open cholecystectomy preoperatively. Conclusion: Difcult laparoscopic cholecystectomy may be predicted preoperatively even with a good clinical judgement whereas both clinical and radiological parameters provide a better preoperative prediction of difcult cholecystectomy so that the surgeon can prepared in advance for the complications.

scholarly journals Comparison of blood plasma and gelatin solution in resuscitation of children with dengue shock syndrome

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 322
Author(s):  
Suryadi Nicolaas Napoleon Tatura ◽  
Novie Homenta Rampengan ◽  
Jose Meky Mandei ◽  
Ari Lukas Runtunuwu ◽  
Max FJ Mantik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Dengue Shock Syndrome ◽  
Shock Rate ◽  
Gelatin Solution ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Management Guidelines ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
To Receive

Background Dengue shock syndrome (DSS) is characterized bysevere vascular leakage and hemostasis disorder. It is the cause of death in 1 to 5 percent of cases. WH 0 management guidelines for resuscitation remain empirical rather than evidence-based.Objective To find out the alternative fluids to replace plasmaleakage in DSS.Methods We performed a prospective study and randomizedcomparison of plasma and gelatin solution for resuscitation ofIndonesian children with DSS. We randomly assigned 25 subjectswith DSS to receive plasma and 25 children to receive gelatinfluid. Statistical analyse were performed using chi-square test,Fisher's exact test, t test, Mann-Whitney test.Results The increment of pulse pressure width and the decrement of hematocrit in subjects treated with gelatin were higher than that of plasma atfour-hour therapy (P=0.002 and P=0.017). Only one patient died caused by unusually manifestation of DSS. The increment of body temperature in subjects treated with plasma was higher than that of gelatin at four-hour therapy (P=O.Oll). The decrement of platelet count in subjects treated with gelatin were less than that of plasma (P=0.018). The increment of diuresis rate in subjects treated with gelatin was higher than that of plasma at twenty-hour therapy (P<O.OOOl). The decrement of respiratory rate in subjects treated with gelatin was higher than that of plasmaat twenty-eight hour therapy (P=0.018). There was no differencein studied variables : total volume rate, blood pressure, pulse rate, re-shock rate, clinical fluid overload, allergy reactions, bleeding manifestations, and length of stay (P>0.05).Conclusions Gelatin solution can be used as volume replacementin resuscitation of DSS if blood plasma is not available especiallyat four-hour therapy.

scholarly journals Evaluation of knowledge among general dentists in treatment of traumatic injuries in primary teeth: A cross-sectional questionnaire study

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 232-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhanalakshmi Ravikumar ◽  
Ganesh Jeevanandan ◽  
E M. G. Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Primary Teeth ◽  
Years Of Experience ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Traumatic Injuries ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
General Dentists ◽  
General Dentist

ABSTRACTObjective: The purpose of the present study was to assess the knowledge of General dentist regarding the management of dental traumatic injuries of primary teeth. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 general dentists were selected and a validated questionnaire was distributed among the dentist to assess their knowledge on treatment strategies regarding traumatized primary teeth. Statistical Analysis: Data were entered into SPSS version 20.0 for percentages. The correct answers were tested in relation to the dentists' years of experience using the Chi-square test. Results: Analyzing the questionnaire for knowledge, 49% of dentists answered accurately regarding avulsed primary teeth, 36% of dentists answered appropriately regarding crown and root fractures, and 55% of dentists gave appropriate answers regarding luxation injuries. Chi-square test showed a statistically significant difference only for 2 questions in relation to the dentist's years of experience (P < 0.05). Conclusion: There is a lack of consistency in the knowledge among general dentist regarding traumatic dental injuries of primary teeth. There is a need to create awareness and education regarding traumatic injuries of primary teeth.

Norovirus: A Growing Cause of Gastroenteritis in Catalonia (Spain)?

2013 ◽  
Vol 76 (10) ◽  
pp. 1810-1816 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. MARTÍNEZ ◽  
N. TORNER ◽  
S. BRONER ◽  
R. BARTOLOMÉ ◽  
S. GUIX ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Salmonella Infections ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Common Etiology ◽  
Foodborne Outbreaks ◽  
Private Homes

Infectious acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is a major health problem worldwide. Salmonella is a leading cause of AGE outbreaks, but viruses may be responsible for up to 80% of cases. We compared the frequency and characteristics of AGE outbreaks in Catalonia due to norovirus and Salmonella and the changes in these outbreaks from 2000 through 2010. In 2006 through 2010, we also investigated the distribution by season, setting, and implicated food, the incidence rates of cases associated, and the hospitalization rates. Differences in proportions were estimated by Pearson's chi-square test, and the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. In 2000 through 2010, the number of AGE outbreaks caused by Salmonella decreased and those caused by norovirus significantly increased. From 2006 onward, norovirus was the most common etiology in AGE outbreaks, but in foodborne outbreaks, Salmonella was the more common cause until 2010. The incidence rate per 105 inhabitants was greater for norovirus (20.81 versus 3.97, P &lt; 0.001), and the hospitalization rate was lower for norovirus (0.84 versus 4.69, P &lt; 0.001). Salmonella infections occurred more frequently in the warmer months, and norovirus infections were more common in the colder months, both in terms of total outbreaks (OR = 4.50; 95% CI, 2.85 to 7.11; P &lt; 0.001) and foodborne outbreaks (OR = 4.38; 95% CI, 2.42 to 7.95; P &lt; 0.001). Norovirus infections were less common in private homes (OR = 0.08; 95% CI, 0.04 to 0.14; P &lt; 0.001) and more common in nursing homes (P &lt; 0.001) and hospitals or long-term care facilities (OR = 14.09; 95% CI, 3.35 to 59.33; P &lt; 0.001). Foods most frequently implicated in norovirus infection outbreaks were seafood (22%; OR = 7.89; 95% CI, 2.59 to 24.3; P &lt; 0.001), and those most common in Salmonella infection outbreaks were mayonnaise and similar items (30.2%; OR = 0.05; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.22; P &lt; 0.001). Foodborne outbreaks in which the vehicle was not identified were more frequent in cases of norovirus infection (OR = 4.59; 95% CI, 2.54 to 8.30; P &lt; 0.001). Our results indicate that norovirus rather than Salmonella is the most common cause of AGE outbreaks in Catalonia. Foodborne AGE outbreaks were more commonly caused by norovirus than by Salmonella only in 2010, the last year of the study.

scholarly journals Perilaku Berisiko dan Keluhan Subjektif Memori (KSM) pada Kelompok Umur 25 Tahun ke Atas di Kota Bogor Tengah

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-112
Author(s):  
Julianty Pradono
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Ideal Body Weight ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Ideal Body ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Complaints

The prevalence of subjective cognitive complaints (SCC) is increasing over the last 10 years. Subjectivecognitive complaints reflect early signs of neurodegenerative disease that will develop into dementia. Theobjective of the study was to obtain the incidence rate of SCC and to get predictors of SCC in Bogor City.The sample was prospective cohort sample as much as 3260 respondents with mean age 47.6 ± 9.7 yearsand no SCC at the beginning of analysis. Data were collected by interview, measurement and laboratoryexamination every 2 years. The risk factors include characteristics, health status and risk behavior. Datawas analyzed using chi-square test and regression logistic. The incidence of SCC was 216 persons per1,000 population per 2 years. After adjusting for age, the SCC predictors were less physical activity (OR1.9 time; 95% CI: 1.6-2.3), central obesity (OR 1.2; 95% CI: 1.0-1, 5), intake of sodium ≥2000 mg per day(OR 0.6; 95% CI: 0,5-0,7), mental disorder (OR 1.9; 95% CI: 1.6-2.3 ) and migraine (OR 1.6 times, 95% CI:1.3-1.9) on the incidence of SCC. It is concluded that the incidence rate of SCC is 216 people per 1,000population per 2 years. Predictors of SCC are less physical activity, central obesity, intake of sodium ≥2000mg per day, mental disorders and migraine. It is suggested that specific interventions such as increasingphysical activity regularly, maintaining ideal body weight with no risk of abdominal obese, avoiding stressand controlling salt intake, especially in elderly respondents do not take too low intake. Abstrak Prevalensi keluhan subjektif memori (KSM) semakin meningkat.Keluhan subjektif memorimencerminkan tanda awal penyakit neurodegeneratif yang akan berkembang menjadi demensia. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendapatkan incidence rateKSM dan mendapatkan prediktor terjadinya KSM di Kota Bogor.Sampel penelitian merupakan subsampelkohor prospektif sebanyak 3260 responden dengan rerata umur 47,6±9,7 tahun dan bebas KSMdi awal analisis.Data dikumpulkan dengan metode wawancara, pengukuran, dan pemeriksaan yang dilakukan setiap 2 tahun.Faktor risiko meliputi karakteristik, status kesehatan dan perilaku berisiko.Analisis data dengan uji chi-square dan logistik regresi.Hasilpenelitian menyatakan insiden KSMsebesar 216 orang per 1.000 penduduk per 2 tahun.Setelah menyesuaikan faktor umur, prediktor KSM adalah kurang aktivitas fisik (OR 1,9 kali, 95% CI:1,6-2,3), obesitas sentral (OR 1,2 kali, 95% CI:1,0-1,5), asupan natrium ≥2000 mg per hari (OR 0,6 kali, 95% CI: 0,5-0,7), gangguan mental (OR 1,9 kali, 95% CI:1,6-2,3) dan migren(OR 1,6 kali, 95% CI:1,3-1,9) terhadap insidens KSM. Disimpulkan bahwa insiden KSM sebesar 216 orang per 1.000 penduduk per 2 tahun.  Prediktor KSMadalah kurang aktivitas fisik, obesitas sentral, asupan natrium ≥2000 mg per hari, gangguan mental dan migren.Disarankan bahwa intervensi spesifik perlu dilakukan pada prediktor KSM.

scholarly journals Descriptive Study of Foodborne Disease Using Case Monitoring Data in Shandong Province, China, 2016-2017

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangjian WU ◽  
Liansen WANG ◽  
Qiang WANG ◽  
Ru HAN ◽  
Jinshan ZHAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Shandong Province ◽  
Monitoring Data ◽  
Foodborne Diseases ◽  
Foodborne Disease ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: In order to generate data on the burden of foodborne diseases in Shandong Province, we aimed to use the case monitoring data of foodborne diseases from 2016 to 2017 to estimate. Methods: Data were obtained from the foodborne disease surveillance reporting system with dates of onset from Jan 1, 2016, to Dec 31, 2017, in Shandong, China. Results: The places of food exposure were categorized by settings as follows: private home, catering facility, collective canteens, retail markets, rural banquets and other. Exposed food is divided into 23 categories. Overall incidence rate and proportions by exposure categories, age, and sex-specific incidence rates were calculated and sex proportions compared. Approximately 75.00% of cases who had at least one exposure settings were in private homes. The most frequently reported exposed food was a variety of food (meaning more than two kinds of food). The two-year average incidence rate was 75.78/100,000, sex-specific incidence rate was much higher for females compared to males (78.23 vs. 74.69 cases per 100,000 population). An age-specific trend was observed in the cases reported (Chi-Square for linear trend, χ2=4.39, P=0.036<0.05). Conclusion: A preliminary estimate of 14 million cases of foodborne diseases in Shandong province each year. Future studies should focus on cross-sectional and cohort studies to facilitate the assessment of the distribution and burden of foodborne disease of the population in Shandong. Considering strengthening the burden of foodborne diseases in foodborne disease surveillance is also a feasible way.

scholarly journals Correlation of clinical and laboratory parameters of acute glomerulonephritis in children

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 398
Author(s):  
Chandra Sekhar Kondapalli ◽  
Kalyan Chakravarthy Gondi ◽  
Faisal Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Successful Outcome ◽  
Acute Glomerulonephritis ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Laboratory Parameters ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Post Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis ◽  
A Prospective Study

Background: The present study was conducted to study the clinical and laboratory parameters of acute glomerulonephritis in children admitted in the department of Pediatrics, Katuri Medical College and Hospital, Guntur.Methods: A prospective study was done at Katuri Medical College and Hospital in all children who are clinically diagnosed edema, oliguria, Cola coloured urine and hypertension. Children presenting with Oliguria, Oedema, Haematuria, Hypertension, Pharyngitis or skin lesions were included, both genders male and female. 50 cases of post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis were evaluated by taking detailed history, thorough clinical examination and appropriate investigation were done for establishment of diagnosis. Lab investigations, CUE, RFT, ASO titres, Serum Complement were done. All the statistical analysis was performed by using EPI INFO 3.5-1. The results were expressed as percentages. Test of significance was done by chi square test. P<0.05 was considered significant.Results: 4156 cases were admitted, out of which 50 cases were having acute glomerulonephritis comprising of 1.2%. The incidence of glomerulonephritis was more from July to December. The sex ratio from male to female is 1.17:1. The incidence of glomerulonephritis was more in children coming from low socio-economic families. Signs wise analysis of glomerulonephritis, it was observed that puffiness of face, edema feet and hypertension were the common features. Incidence of hyper tension were more in male children than female children. The incidence of edema and proteinuria are the commonest clinical presentation. The comparison between incidence of oliguria and blood urea is statistically significant. 1/4th of patients of oliguria are associated with increase serum creatinine level.Conclusions: Acute glomerulonephritis is completely a preventable and completely curable disease if proper precaution is like personal hygiene is observed. Proper knowledge of pathophysiology of glomerulonephritis is important for proper management, institution on appropriate treatment and careful follow up of cases are the corner stones for successful outcome of patients.

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