scholarly journals Do Carbon Prices Limit Economic Growth?

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 237802311989832
Author(s):  
Daniel Driscoll
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Carbon Price ◽  
General Nature ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Fixed Effects Regression ◽  
Carbon Prices

The most common counterargument to taxing carbon emissions is that the policy has a negative impact on economic growth. The author tests the validity of this argument by visualizing the enactment of carbon prices on gross domestic product per capita from 1979 to 2018 and presenting a formal fixed-effects regression analysis of panel data. No connection is found between carbon price implementation and diminished economic growth. This outcome is primarily due to policy design and the general nature of economic growth. The author concludes that this counterargument to enacting carbon prices exists only because of misunderstandings of economic growth and ideology.

Democracy and Macroeconomic Performance in Underdeveloped Countries

2000 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARK J. GASIOROWSKI
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Macroeconomic Performance ◽  
Fiscal Deficits ◽  
Underdeveloped Countries ◽  
Democratic Regimes ◽  
Democratic Performance ◽  
Fixed Effects Regression

In this study, the author examines how inflation and economic growth differ in more- and less-democratic regimes and in new and mature democracies. The analysis is based on a panel research design featuring annual data from a large sample of underdeveloped countries and two-way, fixed-effects regression analysis. The author's central finding is that more-democratic countries have higher inflation and slower growth than less-democratic countries. Inflation apparently is higher than more-democratic countries mainly because they have higher fiscal deficits and faster wage growth; this higher inflation marginally reduces economic growth in these countries. The author also finds that new and mature democracies do not have significantly different inflation and growth rates. The findings suggest that unrestrained political participation and the resulting demands placed on state officials undermine democratic performance.

scholarly journals Inequality in the Income of the Population as a Determinant of the Country's Economic Growth

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 987-994
Author(s):  
Tamara Kocurová ◽  
David Hampel
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Ratio Analysis ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Per Capita

In this article, there is explored the dependence of economic performance and economic growth on income inequality expressed by Gini coefficient and S80/S20 ratio. Analysis is based on data collected upon EU countries in years 2007, 2012 and 2017. Cluster analysis points out to heterogeneity of EU countries in observed characteristics and enables creation of three groups of countries: post-socialistic, southern and northern. Regression analysis, which takes into account groups of countries, was used to assess and illustrate the dependence. The results show that income inequality has a negative impact on the country's GDP per capita, and its impact on economic growth differs for particular groups of countries.

scholarly journals The Influence of Collaborative Innovation Among Technology ,Institution and Finance on China’s Economic Growth

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Real Estate ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Real Estate Investment ◽  
Collaborative Innovation ◽  
Per Capita

This paper constructs a model of collaborative innovation among technology, institution and financeto measure the synergy degree of 29 provinces and cities. Official provincial-level panel data from 2011-2017for 29 provinces are utilized. We find that there is a great difference in the synergy degree among differentregions because of the uneven distribution of financial resources in the region. Then the synergy degree of 29provinces and cities in China is regarded as an important variable in the fixed-effects model. The primaryfinding is that the degree of collaborative innovation among technology, institution and finance can positivelyaffect China’s economic growth. If the degree of collaborative innovation increase by 1%, and the GDP percapita will also increase by about 0.009%-0.016%. However, the domestic loan index of real estate enterpriseshas a negative impact on the per capita GDP. Then we get the conclusion that collaborative innovation will beeffective for China’s high-quality economic growth and suggest that government should use macro control toreduce capital’s preference for real estate investment especially by strengthening direct financial innovation tosupport technological innovation.

scholarly journals Decentralization and Its Impact on Growth in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-151
Author(s):  
Fernanda Andrade de Xavier ◽  
Aparna P. Lolayekar ◽  
Pranab Mukhopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Reverse Causality ◽  
Social Expenditure ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
National Growth

We study the effect of revenue decentralization (RD) and expenditure decentralization (ED) on sub-national growth in India from 1981–1982 to 2015–2016 for 14 large (non-special-category) states. Our study provides evidence that both RD and ED play a defining role in India’s sub-national growth in this three-and-a-half-decade period. We use a panel data model with fixed effects (FE) and Driscoll and Kraay standard errors that control for heteroscedasticity, autocorrelation and cross-sectional dependence. To test for causality between growth and decentralization, we use the Granger non-causality test. The regression analysis is supplemented with the distribution dynamics approach. We find that: (a) While decentralization Granger-caused economic growth, the reverse causality effect of growth on decentralization was not significant; (b) Economic growth increased significantly after liberalization; (c) Decentralization, capital expenditure and social expenditure had significant positive impacts on economic growth; and (d) States that had high levels of decentralization also had high levels of per capita income, while states that had low decentralization also exhibited low per capita income.

scholarly journals Does the Increase in Renewable Energy Influence GDP Growth? An EU-28 Analysis

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4762
Author(s):  
Daniela Nicoleta Sahlian ◽  
Adriana Florina Popa ◽  
Raluca Florentina Creţu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Panel Analysis ◽  
Renewable Sources ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Near Future ◽  
The Eu

The aim of our study was to analyze whether the increase in the use of renewable energy can help GDP growth. The research carried out shows that renewable energy has the ability to decrease or neutralize the negative impact of greenhouse gases (GHG), but also to maintain economic growth. We focused our analysis on the EU-28 as we know that the EU Commission’s aim, in the near future, is to join forces to reduce the GHG used and move to renewable sources. We used a panel analysis with data between 2000 and 2019 from all Member States, and our results showed that their economic growth is influenced positively by the production of renewable energy, the GHG per capita, and the GHG intensity per GDP.

Brain drain and economic growth: evidence of productivity growth from brain circulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-145
Author(s):  
Woosik Yu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Brain Drain ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Brain Circulation ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Fixed Effects Regression ◽  
The Brain

This paper analyzes the effect of the so-called ‘brain drain’ on economic growth through the channel of growth in total factor productivity. We analyze panel data that measure the severity of brain drain, which are from IMD and the U.S. National Science Foundation. Our analysis shows that middle-income countries have more brain drain compared to the group of high-income countries. Also, emerging economies that grow fast tend to experience more brain drain. Our results from fixed effects regression models show that that brain drain has a significant and positive impact on economic growth, and the main channel is productivity growth. This can be considered as evidence of the positive effects of ‘brain circulation’, which is one of the brain drain phenomena that settlement of the talents in advanced countries can eventually help improve the productivity of home country by the sharing of advanced technologies and skills around them with colleagues in motherland. Therefore, a strategy of utilizing overseas resident talents should also be considered, alongside the brain-attraction policy.

scholarly journals Do Female Executives Make a Difference? The Impact of Female Leadership on Gender Gaps and Firm Performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 129 (622) ◽  
pp. 2390-2423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Flabbi ◽  
Mario Macis ◽  
Andrea Moro ◽  
Fabiano Schivardi
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Female Leadership ◽  
Wage Distribution ◽  
Female Executives ◽  
Female Workers ◽  
Fixed Effects Regression ◽  
The Impact

Abstract We investigate the effects of female executives on gender-specific wage distributions and firm performance. Female leadership has a positive impact at the top of the female wage distribution and a negative impact at the bottom. The impact of female leadership on firm performance increases with the share of female workers. We account for the endogeneity induced by non-random executives’ gender by including firm fixed-effects, by generating controls from a two-way fixed-effects regression and by using instruments based on regional trends. The findings are consistent with a model of statistical discrimination in which female executives are better at interpreting signals of productivity from female workers. This suggests substantial costs of women under-representation among executives.

scholarly journals Trade Balance Effects on Economic Growth: Evidence from European Union Countries

Economies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Deimante Blavasciunaite ◽  
Lina Garsviene ◽  
Kristina Matuzeviciute
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
European Union ◽  
Trade Balance ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Trade Deficit ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
The Impact

A growing number of recent research analyse the trade balance impact on economic growth. However, ambiguous results of studies imply the need for the research as the deteriorating trade balance hinders economic growth. This research aims to investigate the impact of the trade balance on economic growth as well as to evaluate it during the periods of trade deficit. Our estimations are based on the European Union (EU) 28 countries panel data over the period of 1998–2018, using the OLS method of multivariate regression analysis with fixed effects and focusing on two strategies: (i) including all trade balance periods, and (ii) adding deficit dummy variable seeking to evaluate whether during deficit periods we can find different and significant effect on economic growth. Evaluating all trade balance periods, the obtained results indicate the negative and lagging impact of the trade balance on economic growth, and no significant differences of the impact were identified during the deficit periods. The deterioration of trade balance reduces average economic growth and from linear relationship evaluation, we can state that it does not matter whether it starts from trade deficit or surplus result. The results obtained may also obscure the possibility of a non-linear effect, which would suggest a stronger negative impact on economic growth when the trade balance deteriorates in the presence of a large trade deficit. When discussing directions for further research it would make sense to consider other factors, such as the size of the deficit and its permanence.

scholarly journals Religious Heterogamy and the Intergenerational Transmission of Religion: A Cross-National Analysis

Religions ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian McPhail
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
National Level ◽  
Religious Attendance ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Fixed Effects Regression ◽  
National Analysis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cross National

This study examines the effect of religious heterogamy on the transmission of religion from one generation to the next. Using data from 37 countries in the 2008 Religion III Module of the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP), I conduct a cross-national analysis of the relationship between parents’ religious heterogamy and their adult childrens’ religious lives. By estimating fixed effects regression models, I adjust for national-level confounders to examine patterns of association between having interreligious parents during childhood and level of adult religiosity as measured by self-rated religiousness, belief in God, and frequencies of religious attendance and prayer. The results indicate that having religiously heterogamous parents or parents with dissimilar religious attendance patterns are both associated with lower overall religiosity in respondents. Parents’ religious attendance, however, mediates the relationship when each parent has a different religion. Having one unaffiliated parent is associated with lower religiosity regardless of parents’ levels of religious attendance. The negative impact of parents’ religious heterogamy on religious inheritance is independent of national-level factors and has implications for anticipating changes in the religious landscapes of societies characterized by religious diversity and growing numbers of interreligious marriages.

scholarly journals POLICY INSIGHTS FROM THE EMF 32 STUDY ON U.S. CARBON TAX SCENARIOS

2018 ◽  
Vol 09 (01) ◽  
pp. 1840003 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALEXANDER R. BARRON ◽  
ALLEN A. FAWCETT ◽  
MARC A. C. HAFSTEAD ◽  
JAMES R. MCFARLAND ◽  
ADELE C. MORRIS
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Carbon Price ◽  
The United States ◽  
Electricity Sector ◽  
Lump Sum ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Reduce Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Prices

The Stanford Energy Modeling Forum exercise 32 (EMF 32) used 11 different models to assess emissions, energy, and economic outcomes from a plausible range of economy-wide carbon price policies to reduce carbon dioxide (CO[Formula: see text] emissions in the United States. Here we discuss the most policy-relevant results of the study, mindful of the strengths and weaknesses of current models. Across all models, carbon prices lead to significant reductions in CO2 emissions and conventional pollutants, with the vast majority of the reductions occurring in the electricity sector. Importantly, emissions reductions do not significantly depend on the rebate or tax cut used to return revenues to the economy. Expected economic costs, as modeled by either GDP or welfare, are modest, but vary across models. These costs are offset by benefits from avoided climate damages and health benefits from reductions in conventional air pollution. Using revenues to reduce preexisting capital or labor taxes reduces costs in most models relative to lump-sum rebates, but the size of the cost reductions varies significantly. Devoting at least some revenue to household rebates can significantly reduce adverse impacts on low income households. Carbon prices at $25/ton or even lower levels cause significant shifts away from coal as an energy source with responses of other energy sources highly dependent upon technology cost assumptions. Beyond 2030, we conclude that model uncertainties are too large to make quantitative results useful for near-term policy design. We close by describing recommendations for policymakers on interacting with model results in the future.

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