scholarly journals Rinne Test Results: How Badly Can We Be Mistaken?

OTO Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 2473974X2199699
Author(s):  
Maciej J. Wrobel ◽  
Bogdan F. Bogacz
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Tuning Fork ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Recording Device ◽  
Test Results ◽  
High Background ◽  
Amplitude Data ◽  
Full Rotation ◽  
High Background Noise ◽  
High Sound

Objective To establish the extent to which sound amplitudes delivered by a vibrating tuning fork change around its long axis and to evaluate whether such differences in amplitude might change the results of the Rinne test. Study Design Experimental measurements. Setting Laboratory setting. Methods Setup I: a vibrating tuning fork was handheld and manually rotated around its long axis next to a sound recording device (the simulated ear) in order to record sound amplitude data at a full range of angles relative to the device; files were split into segments in which sound amplitude changed: A (from a maximum to a minimum) and B (from a minimum to a maximum). Setup II: a vibrating tuning fork was machine-rotated, and the angle of rotation, along with the sound amplitude, was automatically recorded through a single full rotation. Results The angles of 0° and 180° (which equate to the established best practice in Rinne testing) were associated with the highest sound amplitudes. All other angles decreased sound amplitude. The greatest decrease in amplitude was recorded at 51° and 130°. This difference ranged from 9.8 to 34.7 dB, depending on the initial amplitude. Conclusion The outcome of a Rinne test can be affected if attention is not paid to the precise angle at which the tuning fork is held relative to the ear. The potential of this effect will be greater when high background noise or patient hearing loss requires that the tuning fork be vigorously excited to obtain high sound amplitudes.

Teaching Music to Students with Special Needs

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice M. Hammel ◽  
Ryan M. Hourigan
Keyword(s):  
Special Needs ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Music Educators ◽  
Field Trips ◽  
Special Education Law ◽  
Students With Special Needs ◽  
Teaching Music ◽  
Assessment Strategies ◽  
Reference Manual

A practical guide & reference manual, Teaching Music to Students with Special Needs addresses special needs in the broadest possible sense to equip teachers with proven, research-based curricular strategies that are grounded in both best practice and current special education law. Chapters address the full range of topics and issues music educators face including parental involvement, student anxiety, field trips and performances, and assessment strategies. The book concludes with an up-to-date section of resources and technology information.

scholarly journals Identification of unrecognized host factors promoting HIV-1 latency

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e1009055
Author(s):  
Zichong Li ◽  
Cyrus Hajian ◽  
Warner C. Greene
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Screening Strategy ◽  
Host Factors ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Hiv Latency ◽  
New Host ◽  
High Background ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Host Genes

To counter HIV latency, it is important to develop a better understanding of the full range of host factors promoting latency. Their identification could suggest new strategies to reactivate latent proviruses and subsequently kill the host cells (“shock and kill”), or to permanently silence these latent proviruses (“block and lock”). We recently developed a screening strategy termed “Reiterative Enrichment and Authentication of CRISPRi Targets” (REACT) that can unambiguously identify host genes promoting HIV latency, even in the presence of high background “noise” produced by the stochastic nature of HIV reactivation. After applying this strategy in four cell lines displaying different levels of HIV inducibility, we identified FTSJ3, TMEM178A, NICN1 and the Integrator Complex as host genes promoting HIV latency. shRNA knockdown of these four repressive factors significantly enhances HIV expression in primary CD4 T cells, and active HIV infection is preferentially found in cells expressing lower levels of these four factors. Mechanistically, we found that downregulation of these newly identified host inhibitors stimulates different stages of RNA Polymerase II-mediated transcription of HIV-1. The identification and validation of these new host inhibitors provide insight into the novel mechanisms that maintain HIV latency even when cells are activated and undergo cell division.

A Novel Approach for Detection of Bearing Defects from Noisy Vibration Signal

2014 ◽  
Vol 592-594 ◽  
pp. 2001-2005
Author(s):  
Deepak Paliwal ◽  
Achintya Choudhury ◽  
T. Govardhan ◽  
Saurabh Singh Chandrawat
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Vibration Signal ◽  
High Background ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Bearing Defects ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Deep Groove ◽  
Deep Groove Ball Bearing ◽  
High Background Noise ◽  
Inner Race

Vibration signal of a defective bearing carries fault related information. The aim of this paper is to develop a signal processing methodology that identifies the presence of defect from bearing vibration signal subjected high background noise. A simulated vibration signal considering inner race defect in a deep groove ball bearing with low signal to noise ratio has been generated and investigated. A technique involving CWT of vibration signal and post-processing though FFT has been adopted to analyze the signal. Results show that proposed methodology can yield the presence of inner race defect prominently from a noisy vibration signal.

Transition detection for laminar flow aircraft using microphones beneath the surface of laser drilled suction panels

2000 ◽  
Vol 214 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-155
Author(s):  
R V Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Laminar Flow ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Suction Surface ◽  
Microphone Signal ◽  
High Background ◽  
Low Reynolds Numbers ◽  
High Background Noise ◽  
Suction Flow

The possibility of detecting transition through the very small laser drilled perforations in panels representing the suction surface of a hybrid laminar flow aircraft is examined. The method uses miniature microphones to detect changes to the noise received from the boundary layer. Tests using a flat plate rig in a low-turbulence wind tunnel at Reynolds numbers up to 3.8 million per metre, demonstrate that the boundary layer state can be defined in this manner, most simply through measurement of the root mean square (r.m.s.) of the microphone signal. It is shown that the r.m.s. reaches a peak in the transition zone and that when the boundary layer is fully turbulent the value is still significantly higher than it was before transition. Porosity in the range 0.8-6.4 percent was examined, with nominal hole diameters of 0.06 and 0.10 mm in 0.9 mm thick laser drilled suction surface specimens. Suction flow through the surface was found not adversely to affect the operation of the system. The experiment was limited to low Reynolds numbers because the high background noise in the wind tunnel made detection of the boundary layer element of the signal increasingly difficult to define as speed increased. It is considered that test in flight will be needed to prove fully the validity of the method. A preliminary design of an installation for this purpose is suggested that allows the suction flow to be maintained over the measuring region.

OECD Competition Committee Best Practice Roundtable – algorithms and collusion: United Kingdom submission

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Constantine ◽  
Vian Quitaz
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Online Markets ◽  
Potential Harm ◽  
Online Commerce ◽  
Limited Experience ◽  
Competition Laws

This UK OECD Roundtable submission explores the potential effects on competition and consumers that may arise from the use of algorithms in the digital economy and summarizes recent relevant Competition and Markets Authority (‘CMA’) enforcement and research. The ability of algorithms to sort and process huge volumes of data has been key to the development of the online commerce sector, and can generate significant benefits for consumers. However, those algorithms could also have the potential to facilitate business practices that harm competition or consumers. The nature of algorithms and algorithm-driven markets, and the as-yet limited experience of applying competition laws and tools in relation to them, present challenges for competition authorities in effectively detecting, assessing and – where concerns are found – addressing such potential harm. By seeking to deepen its understanding of how algorithms affect competition and consumers, and by targeted use of its full range of competition and consumer powers, the CMA aims to meet those challenges and to ensure that online markets work well for consumers.

scholarly journals Multiple signals and male spacing affect female preference at cocktail parties in treefrogs

2009 ◽  
Vol 277 (1685) ◽  
pp. 1247-1252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Richardson ◽  
Thierry Lengagne
Keyword(s):  
Background Noise ◽  
Spatial Separation ◽  
Signal Design ◽  
High Background ◽  
Hyla Arborea ◽  
Male Density ◽  
Multicomponent Signals ◽  
The Face ◽  
Spatial Unmasking ◽  
High Background Noise

Effective acoustic communication in the face of intense conspecific background noise constitutes a constant sensory challenge in chorusing and colonial species. An evolutionary approach suggests that behavioural and environmental constraints in these species should have shaped signal design and signalling behaviour to enable communication in noisy conditions. This could be attained both through the use of multicomponent signals and through short-term adjustments in the spatial separation of calling males. We investigated these two hypotheses in a chorusing anuran, the hylid Hyla arborea , through a series of phonotaxis experiments conducted within a six-speaker arena in a high background noise situation, by presenting females with male calls containing either single or multiple attractive call components, and by modifying distances between speakers. We found that female ability to discriminate attractive calls increased when several attractive call components were available, providing novel evidence that the use of multicomponent signals enhances communication in complex acoustic conditions. Signal discrimination in females also improved with speaker separation, demonstrating that within natural choruses, spatial unmasking conditioned by male density and spatial separation probably improves female discrimination of competing males. Implications of these results for the accuracy of mate choice within choruses are discussed.

New Locking Arrangement for Radial Entry Turbine Blades

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel L. Golinkin ◽  
Michael J. Lipski ◽  
John S. Loudon ◽  
Gennaro J. DiOrio ◽  
Timothy Ewer
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Us Navy ◽  
Effective Design ◽  
Efficiency And Reliability ◽  
Bottom Portion

Turbine blades with radial fasteners (T-shank, radial fir-tree, etc.) are commonly used in current steam turbomachinery, especially in power generation applications. However, this reliable and cost-effective design is limited by the strength of the axial pins which lock the closing part in the radial entry slot in the disc. In applications with high speed rotors or heavy blades, the centrifugal force of the blade exceeds the pin strength. In those applications, the airfoil portion of the closing blade is cut off leaving only the bottom portion which is located in the radial entry slot. Some original equipment manufactures (OEMs) also remove the airfoil of the blade 180 degrees opposite for better balancing. The absence of two airfoils is detrimental to efficiency and reliability of the entire row. Siemens Demag Delaval Turbomachinery, Inc. (SDDTI) developed a new locking arrangement which eliminates the above described shortcoming associated with standard radial entry blades. This paper presents the design of the new patented locking arrangement and mechanical stress calculations (FEA) of its major components. In order to verify the validity of the design and calculations, a full-scale row of modernized radial entry blades for an existing US Navy turbine with the new locking arrangement was tested. The testing was done over the full range of operating speeds in a vacuum bunker. The paper also describes the special test rotor, instrumentation used, and the test results which were compared with the stress calculations. The tests confirmed all the advantages of the new locking arrangement and showed acceptable correlation with the stress calculations. The patented design will expand applications for radial entry blades, modernize radial entry blades with missing blade airfoils, and provide a cost-effective method to repair localized cracks in the fastener area of the turbine discs.

scholarly journals RANCANG BANGUN ALAT METERAN AIR PINTAR BERBASIS IoT SEBAGAI PENUNJANG LAYANAN DISTRIBUSI PDAM

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Bayu Saputra ◽  
Slamet Winardi ◽  
Aryo Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Consumer Satisfaction ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Recording Device ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Human Errors ◽  
The Public ◽  
Consumption Data

Various public service institutions have increasingly improved their service quality. The existing constraints are corrected for the sake of consumer satisfaction. One of the public services is the clean water distribution system at Surabaya water enterprise. The water will be distributed as per the postpaid-metered or prepaid-metered recording user's clean water consumption. Exisitng postpaid-metered or prepaid-metered device in every househould must be checked by field officers regularly. This manual checking often causing problems of human errors. This study applied the Internet of Things (IoT) concept in automatic checking of postpaid-metered and prepaid-metered device in households. The customized and automatic clean water consumption recording device is built using the ESP32 module. The ESP32 will send the rest of the water consumption data to the server (cloud). This method is expected to automate solution and to create better services to the customers. The accuracy of the test results holds error tolerance value of 10.6%, in the test results with units of mL. The device is believed to be able to provide and alternative in water usage recording purpose.

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