scholarly journals Genomic Balance and Speciation

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 251686571984029 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A Birchler ◽  
Reiner A Veitia
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Molecular Complexes ◽  
Species Hybrid ◽  
Genomic Imbalance ◽  
Macromolecular Complexes ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Signaling Components

The role of genomic balance in accumulating species hybrid incompatibilities is discussed. Aneuploidy has been shown to produce more global modulations than polyploidy with the responsible genes being transcription factors and signaling components involved in molecular complexes, illustrating a stoichiometric component to gene expression. Genomic imbalance is usually detrimental to the organism and in many cases results in lethality. Here, it is proposed that once gene flow is prevented between or within populations by various speciation initiating processes, the stoichiometric relationship of members of macromolecular complexes can change via compensatory drift with the eventual result of newly established functional balances. However, when these new relationships are brought together in interspecific hybrids, detrimental consequences will occur. We suggest that these detrimental interactions contribute to hybrid incompatibilities.

Regulation of sucrase and lactase in Caco-2 cells: relationship to nuclear factors SIF-1 and NF-LPH-1

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (4) ◽  
pp. G707-G713 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Olsen ◽  
M. Lloyd ◽  
H. Korsmo ◽  
Y. Z. He
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cellular Differentiation ◽  
Tissue Specificity ◽  
Developmental Regulation ◽  
Mobility Shift ◽  
Nuclear Factors ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assays ◽  
The Relationship

Recent studies suggest the importance of two transcription factors, Cdx-2 and NF-LPH-1, in the regulation of sucrase-isomaltase (SI) and lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) gene expression, respectively. Cdx-2 accounts for the tissue specificity of sucrase expression (16), and NF-LPH-1 varies with postnatal changes in lactase activity, suggesting a role in its developmental regulation (22). We used electrophoretic mobility shift assays to study the relationship of Cdx-2 and NF-LPH-1 to SI and LPH gene expression in Caco-2 cells to provide evidence regarding the role of these factors in the development of sucrase and lactase with cellular differentiation. We found that Cdx-2 levels correlated with SI expression and that NF-LPH-1 did not correlate with LPH expression. These studies suggest a role for Cdx-2 but not for NF-LPH-1 in the development of carbohydrase expression in these cells.

scholarly journals Crosstalk of the Brassinosteroid Signalosome with Phytohormonal and Stress Signaling Components Maintains a Balance between the Processes of Growth and Stress Tolerance

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 2675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damian Gruszka
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Signaling Proteins ◽  
Signaling Crosstalk ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
Plant Life Cycle ◽  
Signaling Components

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a class of phytohormones, which regulate various processes during plant life cycle. Intensive studies conducted with genetic, physiological and molecular approaches allowed identification of various components participating in the BR signaling—from the ligand perception, through cytoplasmic signal transduction, up to the BR-dependent gene expression, which is regulated by transcription factors and chromatin modifying enzymes. The identification of new components of the BR signaling is an ongoing process, however an emerging view of the BR signalosome indicates that this process is interconnected at various stages with other metabolic pathways. The signaling crosstalk is mediated by the BR signaling proteins, which function as components of the transmembrane BR receptor, by a cytoplasmic kinase playing a role of the major negative regulator of the BR signaling, and by the transcription factors, which regulate the BR-dependent gene expression and form a complicated regulatory system. This molecular network of interdependencies allows a balance in homeostasis of various phytohormones to be maintained. Moreover, the components of the BR signalosome interact with factors regulating plant reactions to environmental cues and stress conditions. This intricate network of interactions enables a rapid adaptation of plant metabolism to constantly changing environmental conditions.

The effect of the intestinal microbiota and its metabolites on the central and peripheral circadian clock

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
I. V. Pisarev ◽  
◽  
V. V. Varnitsyna ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Clock Genes ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Circadian Clocks ◽  
Microbial Metabolites ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The article describes the factors affecting the intestinal microbiota, which, in turn, lead to changes in the central and peripheral circadian clocks of the host. The role of the diet and the sleep-wake cycle on the intestinal microbiota, the relationship of nutrition and microbiota on gene expression are discussed, and the influence of microbial metabolites, short-chain fatty acids on the expression of clock genes are considered.

Dual origin of spinal oligodendrocyte progenitors and evidence for the cooperative role of Olig2 and Nkx2.2 in the control of oligodendrocyte differentiation

Development ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 129 (3) ◽  
pp. 681-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Fu ◽  
Yingchuan Qi ◽  
Min Tan ◽  
Jun Cai ◽  
Hirohide Takebayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Species Difference ◽  
Proteolipid Protein ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Oligodendrocyte Differentiation ◽  
Oligodendrocyte Progenitors ◽  
Dual Origin ◽  
Relationship Of

In this study, we have investigated the relationship of Olig2+ and Nkx2.2+ oligodendrocyte progenitors (OLPs) by comparing the expression of Olig2 and Nkx2.2 in embryonic chicken and mouse spinal cords before and during the stages of oligodendrogenesis. At the stages of neurogenesis, Olig2 and Nkx2.2 are expressed in adjacent non-overlapping domains of ventral neuroepithelium. During oligodendrogenesis stages, these two domains generate distinct populations of OLPs. From the Olig2+ motoneuron precursor domain (pMN) arise the Olig2+/Pdgfra+ OLPs, whereas the Nkx2.2+ p3 domain give rise to Nkx2.2+ OLPs. Despite their distinct origins, both populations of OLPs eventually appear to co-express Olig2 and Nkx2.2 in the same cells. However, there is a species difference in the timing of acquiring Nkx2.2 expression by the Olig2+/Pdgfra+ OLPs. The co-expression of Nkx2.2 and Olig2 in OLPs is tightly associated with myelin gene expression in the normal and PDGFA–/– embryos, suggesting a cooperative role of these transcription factors in the control of oligodendrocyte differentiation. In support of this suggestion, inhibition of expression of these two transcription factors in culture by antisense oligonucleotides has an additive inhibitory effect on OLP differentiation and proteolipid protein (PLP) gene expression.

scholarly journals Anatomy study of the genus Cirsium Mill. in Iran

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Masoud Sheidai ◽  
Saeedeh Shojaei ◽  
Fahimeh Koohdar
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationship ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Molecular Study ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
Ecological Conditions ◽  
Anatomical Characters ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Rapd And Issr ◽  
Molecular Characters

The genus Cirsium Mill. (Asteraceae) also known as plume thistles with about 250 perennial, biennial or rarely annual spiny species is a phylogenetically unresolved and paraphyletic genus. Cirsium species grow in different ecological conditions and tend to form interspecific hybrids. Some species are morphologically very similar and need to be delineated by additional anatomical and molecular characters. About 28 Cirsium species have been reported in Flora Iranica; they were classified in five sections. Taxonomic investigation of these species was confined to morphology and molecular study of RAPD and ISSR markers. The present study carried out anatomical investigation (leaf and stem characters) of Cirsium species in the country. PCoA analysis of anatomical characters could delimit the studied species and the grouping obtained was almost in agreement with morphological and sectional delineation of the genus. The results obtained are in agreement with several other investigations and all together suggestive of the continued gene flow and introgression between Cirsium species that make taxonomy and phylogenetic relationship of the species difficult.

Role of small nuclear RNAs in eukaryotic gene expression

2013 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 79-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saba Valadkhan ◽  
Lalith S. Gunawardane
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Rna Stability ◽  
Splice Sites ◽  
Branch Site ◽  
Small Nuclear Rnas ◽  
Eukaryotic Gene Expression ◽  
Eukaryotic Gene ◽  
Rna Biogenesis

Eukaryotic cells contain small, highly abundant, nuclear-localized non-coding RNAs [snRNAs (small nuclear RNAs)] which play important roles in splicing of introns from primary genomic transcripts. Through a combination of RNA–RNA and RNA–protein interactions, two of the snRNPs, U1 and U2, recognize the splice sites and the branch site of introns. A complex remodelling of RNA–RNA and protein-based interactions follows, resulting in the assembly of catalytically competent spliceosomes, in which the snRNAs and their bound proteins play central roles. This process involves formation of extensive base-pairing interactions between U2 and U6, U6 and the 5′ splice site, and U5 and the exonic sequences immediately adjacent to the 5′ and 3′ splice sites. Thus RNA–RNA interactions involving U2, U5 and U6 help position the reacting groups of the first and second steps of splicing. In addition, U6 is also thought to participate in formation of the spliceosomal active site. Furthermore, emerging evidence suggests additional roles for snRNAs in regulation of various aspects of RNA biogenesis, from transcription to polyadenylation and RNA stability. These snRNP-mediated regulatory roles probably serve to ensure the co-ordination of the different processes involved in biogenesis of RNAs and point to the central importance of snRNAs in eukaryotic gene expression.

Attachment Styles, Physical Proximity, and Relational Satisfaction

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-112
Author(s):  
Anita Shrivastava ◽  
Andrea Burianova
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Romantic Relationship ◽  
Distinct Type ◽  
Relational Satisfaction ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Avoidant Attachment ◽  
Geographic Separation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Attachment Dimensions

This study aimed to explore the relationships between attachment styles, proximity, and relational satisfaction. This was achieved by assessing a distinct type of long distance romantic relationship of flying crews, compared with proximal (non-flying crew) romantic relationships. The responses of 139 expatriate professionals revealed significant associations between proximity and anxious and avoidant attachment dimensions. The role of the avoidant dimension in comparison with that of the anxious dimension was found to be a significant predictor of relational satisfaction. This study contributes significantly toward addressing the role of proximity and attachment in relational satisfaction in a new context of geographic separation.

PERSEPSI PEMAHAMAN PERANAN AUDITOR, ETIKA AUDITOR DAN INDEPENDENSI AUDITOR INTERNAL DALAM MEWUJUDKAN GOOD UNIVERSITY GOVERNANCE DENGAN GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERASI

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 474
Author(s):  
Fipitriany Any
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Style ◽  
University Governance ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Internal Auditor ◽  
Internal Auditors ◽  
Analysis Models ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Role Ethics

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to examine and analyze the influence of the role, ethics, and independence of internal auditors in implementing good university governance (GUG) with leadership style as a moderation variable. Multiple linear regression and moderation regression analysis models are used to test the hypothesis. The primary data are obtained through questionnaires that are distributed to the respondents, namely the dean and head of study program at the UniversitasBinaDarma and UniversitasMuhammadiyahPalembang. The results of this study indicate that the instruments in each variable proved to be valid and reliable. Based on the results of hypothesis testing, it can be seen that simultaneously the variable of role, ethics, and independence of internal auditors have positively and significantly effect in implementing good university governance (GUG). These results provide justification or endorsement of the theoretical truths used as the theoretical references of Stewardship Theory and Attitude and Behavioral Theory. Based on the partial test, role of auditor does not significantly affect the variable of GUG, but ethics and independence variable are found to be significant in influencing GUG. The leadership style is negative and insignificant in moderating the role of internal auditors and GUC and also the independence of internal auditor and GUC. The leadership style is found to be positive and insignificant in moderating the relationship of internal auditors’ ethics and GUC.Keywords        Role, Ethics, Independence, Internal Auditor, Leadership Style, Good University Governance  ABSTRAK Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji dan menganalisis pengaruh peran, etika, dan independensi auditor internal dalam menerapkan good university governance (GUG) dengan gaya kepemimpinan sebagai variabel moderasi. Model analisis regresi linier berganda dan regresi moderasi digunakan untuk menguji hipotesis. Data primer diperoleh melalui kuesioner yang dibagikan kepada responden, yaitu dekan dan ketua program studi di Universitas Bina Darma dan Universitas MuhammadiyahPalembang. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa instrumen dalam setiap variabel terbukti valid dan dapat diandalkan. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian hipotesis dapat dilihat bahwa secara simultan variabel peran, etika, dan independensi auditor internal berpengaruh positif dan signifikan dalam penerapan good university governance (GUG). Hasil ini memberikan pembenaran atau pengesahan kebenaran teoretis yang digunakan sebagai referensi teoretis dari Teori Penatalayanan dan Teori Sikap dan Perilaku. Berdasarkan uji parsial, peran auditor tidak secara signifikan mempengaruhi variabel GUG, tetapi variabel etika dan independensi ditemukan signifikan dalam mempengaruhi GUG. Gaya kepemimpinan negatif dan tidak signifikan dalam memoderasi peran auditor internal dan GUC dan juga independensi auditor internal dan GUC. Gaya kepemimpinan ditemukan menjadi positif dan tidak signifikan dalam memoderasi hubungan etika auditor internal dan GUC Kata Kunci            Peran, Etika, Independensi, Auditor Internal, Gaya Kepemimpinan, Tata Kelola Universitas

Management of Economics and State "Bottom"

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 76-91
Author(s):  
E. D. Solozhentsev
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Probabilistic Models ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Special Software ◽  
Human Quality ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The scientific problem of economics “Managing the quality of human life” is formulated on the basis of artificial intelligence, algebra of logic and logical-probabilistic calculus. Managing the quality of human life is represented by managing the processes of his treatment, training and decision making. Events in these processes and the corresponding logical variables relate to the behavior of a person, other persons and infrastructure. The processes of the quality of human life are modeled, analyzed and managed with the participation of the person himself. Scenarios and structural, logical and probabilistic models of managing the quality of human life are given. Special software for quality management is described. The relationship of human quality of life and the digital economy is examined. We consider the role of public opinion in the management of the “bottom” based on the synthesis of many studies on the management of the economics and the state. The bottom management is also feedback from the top management.

On Metaphysics and the Political: A Polemics of Reading Baudelaire in the 1930s

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-259
Author(s):  
Joseph Acquisto
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
The Political ◽  
Modern Poetry ◽  
Progressive Politics ◽  
The World ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

This essay examines a polemic between two Baudelaire critics of the 1930s, Jean Cassou and Benjamin Fondane, which centered on the relationship of poetry to progressive politics and metaphysics. I argue that a return to Baudelaire's poetry can yield insight into what seems like an impasse in Cassou and Fondane. Baudelaire provides the possibility of realigning metaphysics and politics so that poetry has the potential to become the space in which we can begin to think the two of them together, as opposed to seeing them in unresolvable tension. Or rather, the tension that Baudelaire animates between the two allows us a new way of thinking about the role of esthetics in moments of political crisis. We can in some ways see Baudelaire as responding, avant la lettre, to two of his early twentieth-century readers who correctly perceived his work as the space that breathes a new urgency into the questions of how modern poetry relates to the world from which it springs and in which it intervenes.

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