The effect of the intestinal microbiota and its metabolites on the central and peripheral circadian clock

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
I. V. Pisarev ◽  
◽  
V. V. Varnitsyna ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Clock Genes ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Circadian Clocks ◽  
Microbial Metabolites ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The article describes the factors affecting the intestinal microbiota, which, in turn, lead to changes in the central and peripheral circadian clocks of the host. The role of the diet and the sleep-wake cycle on the intestinal microbiota, the relationship of nutrition and microbiota on gene expression are discussed, and the influence of microbial metabolites, short-chain fatty acids on the expression of clock genes are considered.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Investment Decision Making: Moderating Role of Investors Characteristics

2019 ◽  
pp. 1311-1320
Author(s):  
Salam A. Alshamy
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Investment Decision ◽  
Financial Education ◽  
Financial Information ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Investment Decision Making ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The current study aimed to investigate the factors affecting investment decision making. Moreover, the moderating effects of age, gender, and financial information were also tested. The study utilized a quantitative research design for that the data was collected using a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire was sent to 570 individuals out of that 374 questionnaires were returned however 372 of the questionnaires were found to be useable. The study framework had 6 constructs namely heuristics, financial information, corporate governance, risk aversion, and experience were independent variables while investment decision making was dependent variable while age, gender and financial education were moderating variables. All the latent construct were measured using multi items based on 5 point Likert scales from 1 strongly disagree to 5 strongly disagree. The results found the Heuristics, Risk Aversion, Financial Information, Corporate Governance and Experience to be significant factors affecting the investment decision making. Moreover, the moderating effect of gender was found to be significant in the relationship of (financial information, corporate governance, and experience) and investment decision making. The moderating effect of age was found to be significant in the relationship of (Heuristics, Corporate Governance, and Experience) and investment decision making while the moderating role of financial education was found to be significant in the relationship of (financial information, corporte governance and experience) and investment decision making.

The role of intestinal microbiota in the development of complications in pregnant women with gestational diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
Tatyana A. Zinina ◽  
Alyona V. Tiselko ◽  
Maria I. Yarmolinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
European Population ◽  
Very Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Basic Functions ◽  
Complicated Pregnancy ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Circulating Levels

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been declared as one of the pandemics of our time and its prevalence is 520% in the European population. It causes the search for new pathogenetic risk factors in order to develop effective measures for the prevention and treatment of this disease. The intestinal microbiota plays an important role in maintaining the basic functions in the human body metabolic, protective and trophic, and it undergoes significant changes during pregnancy. It has now been proven that dysbiosis alters intestinal metabolism and can lead to the development of diabetes. The direct relationships between intestinal microflora species and circulating levels of insulin, triglycerides and very-low-density lipoproteins were found. In a number of studies, associations of various concentrations of intestinal microbiota metabolites with the probability of developing GDM were analyzed. Studies conducted in a group of women with complicated pregnancy revealed changes in the diversity and structure of the intestinal microbiota in women with preeclampsia and arterial hypertension. Therefore, all authors emphasize the need for studies that expand our understanding of the relationship of various intestinal microbiota disorders with the risk of developing GDM and its specific progressing.

Regulation of sucrase and lactase in Caco-2 cells: relationship to nuclear factors SIF-1 and NF-LPH-1

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (4) ◽  
pp. G707-G713 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Olsen ◽  
M. Lloyd ◽  
H. Korsmo ◽  
Y. Z. He
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cellular Differentiation ◽  
Tissue Specificity ◽  
Developmental Regulation ◽  
Mobility Shift ◽  
Nuclear Factors ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assays ◽  
The Relationship

Recent studies suggest the importance of two transcription factors, Cdx-2 and NF-LPH-1, in the regulation of sucrase-isomaltase (SI) and lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) gene expression, respectively. Cdx-2 accounts for the tissue specificity of sucrase expression (16), and NF-LPH-1 varies with postnatal changes in lactase activity, suggesting a role in its developmental regulation (22). We used electrophoretic mobility shift assays to study the relationship of Cdx-2 and NF-LPH-1 to SI and LPH gene expression in Caco-2 cells to provide evidence regarding the role of these factors in the development of sucrase and lactase with cellular differentiation. We found that Cdx-2 levels correlated with SI expression and that NF-LPH-1 did not correlate with LPH expression. These studies suggest a role for Cdx-2 but not for NF-LPH-1 in the development of carbohydrase expression in these cells.

scholarly journals Community Innovation and Its Role in Gender Mainstreaming and Development Issues

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Relations ◽  
Social Innovation ◽  
Gender Mainstreaming ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Community Initiatives ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Gender mainstreaming is a goal for building a society characterized by justice and equality. Gender mainstreaming requires a clear understanding of the concept. Therefore, the research focuses on the concept of gender and how it was addressed in the literature through which the concepts related to gender were extracted which is represented by the role and social status through which the relationship of gender can be measured. In order to find out the basis for the different status and roles of both sexes in societies, the interpreted theories of gender were addressed, through which the most important factors affecting gender relations, such as biological, social and economic factors, as well as political systems, were discussed. Due to the changing factors temporally and spatially, gender relations are also changing. As a result of these changes, the concept of gender has become a prominent concept in various aspects of life and has been the focus of many writers, researchers and conferences on how to contribute to gender and what mechanisms contribute to the uncles. The research focused on the concept of social innovation and the role of community initiatives as a means of mainstreaming gender into development issues.

scholarly journals The Relationship between the Infant Gut Microbiota and Allergy. The Role of Bifidobacterium breve and Prebiotic Oligosaccharides in the Activation of Anti-Allergic Mechanisms in Early Life

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bożena Cukrowska ◽  
Joanna B. Bierła ◽  
Magdalena Zakrzewska ◽  
Mark Klukowski ◽  
Elżbieta Maciorkowska
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Bifidobacterium Breve ◽  
Breastfed Infants ◽  
Intestinal Dysbiosis ◽  
Prebiotic Oligosaccharides ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Type Of Delivery ◽  
Allergy Prevalence

The increase in allergy prevalence observed in recent decades may be a consequence of early intestinal dysbiosis. The intestinal microbiota is formed in the first 1000 days of life, when it is particularly sensitive to various factors, such as the composition of the mother’s microbiota, type of delivery, infant’s diet, number of siblings, contact with animals, and antibiotic therapy. Breastfeeding and vaginal birth favorably affect the formation of an infant’s intestinal microbiota and protect against allergy development. The intestinal microbiota of these infants is characterized by an early dominance of Bifidobacterium, which may have a significant impact on the development of immune tolerance. Bifidobacterium breve is a species commonly isolated from the intestines of healthy breastfed infants and from human milk. This review outlines the most important environmental factors affecting microbiota formation and the importance of Bifidobacterium species (with a particular emphasis on Bifidobacterium breve) in microbiota modulation towards anti-allergic processes. In addition, we present the concept, which assumes that infant formulas containing specific probiotic Bifidobacterium breve strains and prebiotic oligosaccharides may be useful in allergy management in non-breastfed infants.

scholarly journals Role of leptin in pathogenesis of hepatic steatosis, steatohepatitis and endothelial dysfunction in obesity: literature review

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 58-65
Author(s):  
A. M. Miftakhova ◽  
L. D. Pestrenin ◽  
I. L. Gulyaeva
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Fat Metabolism ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Leptin Resistance ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The World ◽  
Obesity Complications ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

According to the latest WHO data, in the world there are 2 billion adults and 381 million children and adolescents from 0 to 19 years old, who are overweight or obese. This is due to the presence of many factors affecting the occurrence and development of this disease. One of the important links in the pathogenesis of obesity is hyperleptinemia in combination with leptin resistance. In this article, we attempted to summarize the information on the role of leptin in the pathogenesis of obesity complications such as liver steatosis, steatohepatitis and endothelial dysfunction. Parallels have been drawn between insulin resistance and leptin resistance. The relationship of leptin and insulin was analyzed, and data on the effect of these hormones on carbohydrate and fat metabolism are also presented.

Management of Economics and State "Bottom"

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 76-91
Author(s):  
E. D. Solozhentsev
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Probabilistic Models ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Special Software ◽  
Human Quality ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The scientific problem of economics “Managing the quality of human life” is formulated on the basis of artificial intelligence, algebra of logic and logical-probabilistic calculus. Managing the quality of human life is represented by managing the processes of his treatment, training and decision making. Events in these processes and the corresponding logical variables relate to the behavior of a person, other persons and infrastructure. The processes of the quality of human life are modeled, analyzed and managed with the participation of the person himself. Scenarios and structural, logical and probabilistic models of managing the quality of human life are given. Special software for quality management is described. The relationship of human quality of life and the digital economy is examined. We consider the role of public opinion in the management of the “bottom” based on the synthesis of many studies on the management of the economics and the state. The bottom management is also feedback from the top management.

On Metaphysics and the Political: A Polemics of Reading Baudelaire in the 1930s

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-259
Author(s):  
Joseph Acquisto
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
The Political ◽  
Modern Poetry ◽  
Progressive Politics ◽  
The World ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

This essay examines a polemic between two Baudelaire critics of the 1930s, Jean Cassou and Benjamin Fondane, which centered on the relationship of poetry to progressive politics and metaphysics. I argue that a return to Baudelaire's poetry can yield insight into what seems like an impasse in Cassou and Fondane. Baudelaire provides the possibility of realigning metaphysics and politics so that poetry has the potential to become the space in which we can begin to think the two of them together, as opposed to seeing them in unresolvable tension. Or rather, the tension that Baudelaire animates between the two allows us a new way of thinking about the role of esthetics in moments of political crisis. We can in some ways see Baudelaire as responding, avant la lettre, to two of his early twentieth-century readers who correctly perceived his work as the space that breathes a new urgency into the questions of how modern poetry relates to the world from which it springs and in which it intervenes.

SECTANITY IN THE CONTEXT OF MANIFESTATIONS OF MODERN RELIGIOUS EXTREMISM

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Agapov ◽  
Kirill Stepkin
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Religious Extremism ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

The article considers the general theoretical foundations of the relationship of sectarianism and religious extremism in the Russian Federation. Practical examples of the role of destructive sects in modern religious extremism in the Russian Federation are given.

The Meaning of the Concept of “Spiritual Energy” in the Philosophy of William James and Henry Bergson

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 115-131
Author(s):  
Maria M. Kuznetsova
Keyword(s):  
Spiritual Development ◽  
William James ◽  
Science And Religion ◽  
Western Philosophy ◽  
Creative Evolution ◽  
Spiritual Energy ◽  
Spiritual Reality ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The article examines the philosophy of Henri Bergson and William James as independent doctrines aimed at rational comprehension of spiritual reality. The doctrines imply the paramount importance of consciousness, the need for continuous spiritual development, the expansion of experience and perception. The study highlights the fundamental role of spiritual energy for individual and universal evolution, which likens these doctrines to the ancient Eastern teaching as well as to Platonism in Western philosophy. The term “spiritual energy” is used by Bergson and James all the way through their creative career, and therefore this concept should considered in the examination of their solution to the most important philosophical and scientific issues, such as the relationship of matter and spirit, consciousness and brain, cognition, free will, etc. The “radical empiricism” of William James and the “creative evolution” of Henry Bergson should be viewed as conceptions that based on peacemaking goals, because they are aimed at reconciling faith and facts, science and religion through the organic synthesis of sensory and spiritual levels of experience. Although there is a number of modern scientific discoveries that were foreseen by philosophical ideas of Bergson and James, both philosophers advocate for the artificial limitation of the sphere of experimental methods in science. They call not to limit ourselves to the usual intellectual schemes of reality comprehension, but attempt to touch the “living” reality, which presupposes an increase in the intensity of attention and will, but finally brings us closer to freedom.

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