Insight into Donor Deferral Pattern Based on Peripheral Blood Counts: An Experience from Southern Pakistan

Abstract Introduction: American association of blood banking (AABB) recommends screening of all potential donors by a copper sulphate technique, but this method has chances of false acceptance as well as false deferral. Additionally others valuable blood parameters remain undetermined. Yet this is practically applicable in developed countries with low prevalence of anemia and community infections. In Pakistan anemia's secondary to nutritional deficiency or infectious diseases are much common. It makes the application of this crude method questionable. With this background we determined the whole peripheral blood counts by automated hematology analyzers in all prospective blood donors. This is to provide the pre-donation deferral rate of the healthy blood donors based on peripheral blood counts. The basic knowledge about frequency, types and severity of anemia among donors will help to plan a strategy to promote donor recruitment and overall national health. Methods: Prospective records of all the reported donors were collected from January-2014 to December-2015 at Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi. Results: Overall 36954 potential donors reported to the blood bank, out of which 33853 were selected and 3101 were deferred, which makes the deferral rate of 8.39%. Of total, 264 (0.71%) donors were excluded based on history whereas 174 (0.47%) donors were excluded due to examination findings while majority [n=2663 (7.20%)] of donor were deferred based on complete blood counts. Based on peripheral blood counts; anemia (91.8%) represents the major cause of deferral, followed by raised total leukocytic count (3.7%) and polycythemia (3.3%) respectively and thrombocytopenia (1.0%) was the least potential cause. Microcytic-hypochromic anemia was found in 58.5% donors followed by normocytic and macrocytic anemias in 38.9% and 2.4% respectively. Mild anemia was seen in 78.2% followed by moderate and severe anemias in 20.5% and 1.18% respectively. Conclusion: In view of frequently anemic donors in the present study, it is strongly recommended to have a full blood counts rather to rely on semi-quantitative methods which led to acceptance of anemic donors. High prevalence of anemia among Pakistani blood donors signifies deteriorating health status not only in donor population but also in general population as well. Astonishingly high TLC (sub clinical infections) turned out as second important cause of deferral. This situation recalls for strenuous efforts to overcome as it entails that we will likely to face more dearth of donors in future. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Study of prevalence of anemia among pregnant women attending antenatal checkup in a rural teaching hospital in Telangana, India

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20182467 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (7) ◽

pp. 2612 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shridevi .

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Teaching Hospital ◽

Hypochromic Anemia ◽

Severe Anaemia ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mild Anemia ◽

Anemia In Pregnancy ◽

Rural Teaching ◽

Prevalence Of Anemia ◽

In Pregnancy

Background: Anemia during pregnancy is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in pregnant women in developing countries and has both maternal and fetal consequences. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of anemia among pregnant women attending antenatal checkup in a rural teaching hospital in Telangana.Methods: It is a hospital based cross-sectional observational study conducted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Maheshwara Medical College and Hospital, Telangana for duration of two years from March 2016 to April 2018. A total of 600 cases were studied and screened. Prevalence of anemia was calculated. Anemia was classified morphologically based on peripheral smear findings and classified as microcytic hypochromic, macrocytic, dimorphic anemia, normocytic normochromic anemia and normocytic hypochromic anemia. Based on hemoglobin values anemia was classified into mild, moderate, and severe anemia.Results: Prevalence of anemia in pregnancy in rural Telangana was about 20%. Age-wise, majority (58.3%) of the patients were between 21 to 25 years. Gravida more than 2 were more 66.6% (400/600) when compared to lower parity. Among 600 cases, 140 pregnant women (23.3%) suffered with mild anemia, 340 cases (56.6%) with moderate anemia and 20% with severe anaemia. Morphologically, microcytic hypochromic type i.e., iron deficiency anaemia was the most common.Conclusions: Anemia in pregnancy in rural Telangana is quite high and was found to be 20% in routine antenatal outpatient cases. Multiple pregnancies and low level of education indirectly contribute to anemia of pregnancy. Education and awareness about anemia in pregnancy can lead to better fetal and maternal outcomes.

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542 Expansion of cytotoxic NK Cells from PBMCs using individualized cytokine combination

Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer ◽

10.1136/jitc-2020-sitc2020.0542 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (Suppl 3) ◽

pp. A578-A578

Author(s):

Andreia Maia ◽

Joana Lerias ◽

Markus Maeurer ◽

Mireia Castillo-Martin

Keyword(s):

Flow Cytometry ◽

Nk Cells ◽

Natural Killer ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Blood Donors ◽

Nk Cell ◽

Tumour Cells ◽

List Type ◽

Mhc I ◽

Cytokine Combination

BackgroundAdoptive immunotherapy relies on the use of T-cells to target tumour cells, through Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Class I recognition(1). However, many tumours display alterations in the MHC-I pathway, a well-described immune evasion mechanism(2). Natural Killer (NK) cells recognize transformed cells independently from the presence of MHC-I and may be a reliable therapeutic option for patients with altered tumour MHC-I expression. The source of NK cells may be autologous or allogeneic and NK cells are also clinically relevant recipients of transgenic receptors (TCRs or antibodies) targeting tumour cells. NK cells have been categorized according to their CD56 and CD16 surface expression into different subpopulations: cytotoxic (CD56+CD16+) and regulatory (CD56brightCD16-)(3). Expanding cytotoxic NK cells is challenging, since the frequency of NK cells is low in peripheral blood(4) and there is also – at this point – not an optimal expansion protocol available.The goal of this project is to determine the best cytokine combination that facilitates expansion of cytotoxic NK cells that either target tumor cells directly or serve as recipients for transgenic receptors.MethodsPeripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) were extracted using Ficoll methodology from blood donors and cultured in T25 flasks with Cell Genix Medium supplemented with 10% human serum and antibiotics. NK cells were expanded supplemented with feeder cells (ratio 1:1) and different cytokine combinations (1000 U/mL of IL-2, 10 U/ml of IL-12, 180 U/mL of IL-15 and/or 1 U/mL of IL-21) during 20 days. The immunophenotype of expanded NK cells was analyzed at days 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 by flow cytometry. The cytotoxicity of NK cells was measured by a CD107a Assay or by a Total Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis Assay at days 10 and 20. Thirteen different cytokine combinations were tested.Results4/13 cytokine combinations produced a statistically significant increase of the absolute number of NK cells with a higher percentage of cytotoxic NK cells (figure 1). However, induction of cytotoxicity was not associated with a strong NK cell expansion. The regulatory NK cells subset (CD56brightCD16-) showed the highest percentage of CD107a-expressing cells, more than the CD56+CD16+, the most cytotoxic subpopulation of NK cells.Abstract 542 Figure 1Representative percentage of NK cells in total lymphocytes (A), CD56+CD16+ subpopulation in total NK cells (B), and CD56brightCD16- subpopulation amongst total NK cells (C) at different time points (5, 10, 15 and 20 days) expanded from PBMCs* p-value < 0.05ConclusionsThis work shows that we are able to grow and efficiently expand NK cells from PBMCs with different cytokine combinations leading to clinically relevant NK cell numbers as well as cytotoxic functions. This enables to produce NK cell products for therapy and as recipients for transgenic tumor antigen-specific receptors.AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to thank the Champalimaud Foundation Biobank, the Vivarium Facility and the Flow Cytometry Platform of the Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown.Ethics ApprovalThis study was approved by the Champalimaud Foundation Ethics Committee and by the Ethics Research Committee of NOVA Medical School of NOVA University of Lisbon.ConsentWritten informed consent was obtained from the blood donors to use their samples for research purposes.ReferencesRosenberg SA, Restifo NP, Yang JC, Morgan RA, Mark E. Adoptive cell transfer: a clinical path to effective cancer immunotherapy. Nat Rev Cancer 2008;8(4):299–308.Aptsiauri N, Ruiz-Cabello F, Garrido F. The transition from HLA-I positive to HLA-I negative primary tumors: the road to escape from T-cell responses. Curr Opin Immunol 2018;51:123–32.Di Vito C, Mikulak J, Mavilio D. On the way to become a natural killer cell. Front Immunol. 2019;10(August):1–15.Zotto G Del, Antonini F, Pesce S, Moretta F, Moretta L. Comprehensive phenotyping of human PB NK Cells by Flow Cytometry. 2020;1–9.

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Quality Control in Production Processes

Acta Technologica Agriculturae ◽

10.1515/ata-2016-0016 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 77-83 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Miroslav Prístavka ◽

Martina Kotorová ◽

Radovan Savov

Keyword(s):

Quality Control ◽

Quality Improvement ◽

Quality Management ◽

Statistical Methods ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Basic Knowledge ◽

Root Cause ◽

Production Processes ◽

Basic Quality ◽

Quality Tools

AbstractThe tools for quality management are used for quality improvement throughout the whole Europe and developed countries. Simple statistics are considered one of the most basic methods. The goal was to apply the simple statistical methods to practice and to solve problems by using them. Selected methods are used for processing the list of internal discrepancies within the organization, and for identification of the root cause of the problem and its appropriate solution. Seven basic quality tools are simple graphical tools, but very effective in solving problems related to quality. They are called essential because they are suitable for people with at least basic knowledge in statistics; therefore, they can be used to solve the vast majority of problems.

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Prevalence of anemia among pregnant women in rural Koppal: a study from teaching hospital, Koppal, India

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20173605 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (9) ◽

pp. 3792 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Seema B. N.

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Peripheral Blood Smear ◽

Poverty Line ◽

World Health ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Severe Anemia ◽

Mild Anemia ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Prevalence Of Anemia

Background: Anemia is the nutritional deficiency disorder and 56% of all women living in developing countries are anaemic according to World Health Organization. India has the highest prevalence of anaemia and 20% of total maternal deaths are due to anemia. To determine the prevalence of anemia and factors influencing its causation among pregnant women. Methods: This is the study of 1769 pregnant women which was conducted in a rural population of Koppal district, Karnataka, India, from June 2016 to November 2016 i.e. a period of 6 months. This longitudinal prospective observational study was conducted in the district hospital of Koppal. Anemia was classified as per the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) criteria. The diagnosis of anemia was undertaken by peripheral blood smear examination and standard hemoglobin estimation by shale’s method.Results: The average age of pregnant women was 23.5 years, ranging between 18 and 40 years. Most of the women belonged to below poverty line (BPL) families (84.6%) and Hindu religion (98%). Regarding education, 28.9% were illiterates. The mean haemoglobin level was found to be 8.95. Prevalence of anemia was 96.5% among the pregnant females in this region of rural Koppal. Out of these 22.47% had mild anemia, 56.30% had moderate anemia, 14.98% had severe anemia and 2.73% very severe anemia according to ICMR classification of anemia.Conclusions: High prevalence of anemia among pregnant women indicates anemia to be a major public health problem in the rural community and indicates strict implementation of National Nutrition Anemia prophylaxis programme. Factors such as socioeconomic status, education, birth interval, and gravida contribute to this high prevalence.

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Specialized Movement on the Rowing Ergometer and Post-workout Changes in Selected Peripheral Blood Parameters - a Case Report.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine ◽

10.18276/cej.2018.4-01 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 ◽

pp. 5-13

Author(s):

Patrizia Proia ◽

Alessandra Amato ◽

Valentina Contró ◽

Dan Thiel ◽

Pavlína Vostatková ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Rowing Ergometer

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Consequences of long-lasting asbestos-exposure: Peripheral blood parameters in shipyard workers with and without asbestosis

Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology ◽

10.1016/s0940-2993(11)80317-9 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 47 (2-3) ◽

pp. 212-216 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ivančica Trošić ◽

Zoran Pišl

Keyword(s):

Peripheral Blood ◽

Asbestos Exposure ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Shipyard Workers

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Social infrastructure of territorial communities: interests of stakeholders

Galic'kij ekonomičnij visnik ◽

10.33108/galicianvisnyk_tntu2021.02.014 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 69 (2) ◽

pp. 14-23

Author(s):

L. Benovska

Keyword(s):

Social Services ◽

Social Order ◽

Conflicts Of Interest ◽

Public Funding ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Social Infrastructure ◽

Public And Private ◽

Active Involvement ◽

Socially Responsible Investments ◽

Alternative Sources

The paper clarifies the main problems of the development of social infrastructure of territorial communities, associated with high levels of wearing and low energy efficiency of institutions, disorder of property relations, low level of budget funding and lack of effective incentives to attract alternative sources of funding, imperfect system of territorial location institutions of social sphere. The reformation of administrative and territorial decentralization promotes strengthening of the local authorities role in the management of social infrastructure, increasing the autonomy of institutions and active involvement of public in solving problems of their management. The success of the territorial community development depends not only on the availability of the developed social infrastructure, but also on the community ability to turn it into the development asset. This requires improving the efficiency of management, reconciling the interests of all stakeholders in identifying ways to develop it, and finding effective forms of interaction. The paper identifies and analyzes the interests and conflicts of interest of the main stakeholders of the territorial communities social infrastructure. The main forms of their interaction such as: public and private partnership, social entrepreneurship, social order, socially responsible investments, community funds, public funding (crowdfunding) are analyzed. In the author’s opinion, the directions of improving the management of territorial communities social infrastructure are as follows: searching effective forms of interaction between the state, public, business, which would ensure the development of social infrastructure of community, contribute to the expanding of access and increase the quality of social services, bring their quantitative and qualitative parameters to the standarts of developed countries; maximum balancing of territorial proportions with real demand in social infrastructure institutions; streamlining the ownership to the social infrastructure facilities and eliminating conflicts of interest of management entities at different levels; increasing the efficiency of budget financing by streamlining the network of institutions and bringing it in line with the demographic situation in the community, the labor market.

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Optimization of Plerixafor Utilization Based on Peripheral Blood CD34+ Count for Autologous Peripheral Blood Stem-Cell Collection

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood-2020-140171 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 136 (Supplement 1) ◽

pp. 41-41

Author(s):

Gaurav K. Gupta ◽

Sera Perreault ◽

Stuart Seropian ◽

Christopher A. Tormey ◽

Jeanne E. Hendrickson

Keyword(s):

Multiple Myeloma ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Conflicts Of Interest ◽

Medical Center ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Peripheral Blood Cd34 ◽

Tertiary Care Medical Center ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Introduction: Peripheral CD34+ cells may be mobilized using filgrastim (G-CSF) alone or in combination with chemotherapy. However, some patients also require plerixafor, an inhibitor of C-X-C chemokine receptor type-4, for adequate mobilization. Given its cost, judicious utilization of plerixafor is warranted. Material and Methods: A retrospective analysis of autologous stem-cell mobilization was performed at a tertiary-care medical center in adult patients with multiple myeloma and lymphoma; here we will focus on the utility of repeat plerixafor dosing. Patients were mobilized at the treating physician's discretion with filgrastim plus plerixafor or chemotherapy plus filgrastim plus plerixafor. Collections were initiated once peripheral CD34+ counts reached 20/µL (or 10/µL if chemotherapy mobilized); plerixafor was administered if these counts were not reached after 4 or 8 days, respectively, of filgrastim treatment. Results: Patients with multiple myeloma (86) or lymphoma (30) were evaluated. One hundred five were mobilized by filgrastim plus plerixafor and 11 by chemotherapy plus filgrastim plus plerixafor. No patient that received plerixafor with a CD34+ count <5/µL after chemotherapy mobilized the next day. The end collection goal was achieved in 86 (81.9%) of the filgrastim plus plerixafor group and 7 (63.6%) of the chemotherapy plus filgrastim plus plerixafor group. Patients given at least one dose of plerixafor were divided into groups based on collection goal, peripheral blood CD34+ cell count after 1 dose and the first day collection yield: Group 1) Goal of 3x10^6/kg and CD34+ count ≥ 30 cell/µL vs < 30 cell/µL; Group 2) Goal of 6x10^6/kg and ≥ 50% of collection goal after 1 day of collection vs CD34+ count < 50 cell/µL or < 50% of collection goal. Forty of 42 (95%) patients in Group 1 with a CD34+ count ≥ 30 cell/µL achieved their end collection goal after one plerixafor dose. Eighteen of 19 (95%) patients in Group 1 with a CD34+ count <30 cell/µL received a second dose of plerixafor and 8 (44.4%) achieved their end collection goal. Twenty-eight of 32 (87.5%) patients in Group 2 with ≥ 50% of collection goal achieved on the first day of collection reached their end collection goal after one plerixafor dose. Nine of 12 (75%) patients in Group 2 with a CD34+ count of < 50 cells/µL or <50% collection goal received an additional dose of plerixafor and 6 (66.7%) achieved their end collection goal. Conclusion: Based on these data, we have developed the following repeat plerixafor dosing algorithm: 1) for a collection goal is 3x10^6/kg, administer a second dose of plerixafor if the CD34+ count on the first day of collection is < 30 cell/µL, and 2) for a collection goal of 6x10^6/kg, administer a second dose of plerixafor if the CD34+ count on the first day of collection is < 50 cell/µL or if the first day of collection yields <50% of the end goal. This algorithm optimizes pharmacy, apheresis and stem cell processing resources. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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