scholarly journals URETHANE THERAPY IN LEUKEMIA

Blood ◽  
1948 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 896-910 ◽  
Author(s):  
ADOLPH J. CRESKOFF ◽  
THOMAS FITZ-HUGH ◽  
JOHN W. FROST
Keyword(s):  
Side Effect ◽  
Leukocyte Count ◽  
Myelogenous Leukemia ◽  
Total Leukocyte Count ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Average Daily Dose ◽  
Acute Leukemias ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
Frequent Failure

Abstract 1. The results of urethane therapy in 24 cases of leukemia are described. 2. The average daily dose is 4 Gm. orally or intravenously. 3. The drug is irregularly effective. Chronic myelogenous leukemia appears more responsive than the lymphatic variety. 4. Acute leukemias are not significantly altered in course by urethane. 5. Urethane produces a fall in the total leukocyte count in a majority of all types of leukemia. Clinical improvement does not necessarily follow. 6. Nausea is the most frequent side effect of urethane therapy. Possible marrow aplasia is the most dangerous toxic effect. 7. Urethane is of definite, but of limited value in the treatment of chronic leukemia. In some instances, it compares favorably with x-ray therapy, but in general, it is less dependable, particularly in its frequent failure to induce optimum return of normal red cell and platelet values, and optimum regression of organ infiltration.

scholarly journals The mongolian gerbil: qualitative and quantitative aspects of the cellular blood picture

1975 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter G. Dillon ◽  
Chester A. Glomski
Keyword(s):  
Haemoglobin Level ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Mongolian Gerbil ◽  
Leukocyte Count ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Total Leukocyte Count ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Blood Picture ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Circulating Lymphocytes

The gerbil displays sex determined differences in packed red-cell volume, haemoglobin level, total leukocyte count and absolute number of circulating lymphocytes. The erythrocytes demonstrate a prominent polychromasia and frequent occurrence of basophilic stippling.

Dihomo-γ-Linolenic Acid in Patients with Atherosclerosis: Effects on Platelet Aggregation, Plasma Lipids and Low-Density Lipoprotein-Induced Inhibition of Prostacyclin Generation

1984 ◽  
Vol 51 (02) ◽  
pp. 186-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Szczeklik ◽  
R J Gryglewski ◽  
K Sladek ◽  
E Kostka-Trąbka ◽  
A Żmuda
Keyword(s):  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Thromboxane A2 ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
Antithrombotic Effects

SummaryDihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DHLA), a precursor of monoenoic anti-aggregatory prostaglandins (PGE1, PGD2), was administered for 4 weeks in a daily dose of 1.0 g into 33 patients with atherosclerosis on a basis of a double-blind trial. Comparison of treatment and placebo groups revealed elevation of DHLA in red cell lipids in DHLA-treated subjects. No differences, however, between the two groups could be observed in platelet aggregability, thromboxane A2 generation by platelets, serum cholesterol, PGE1 and PGE2 levels, and in inhibitory activity of low-density lipoproteins against prostacyclin synthetizing system in arteries. The dietary supplementation used did not lead to distinct antithrombotic effects.

scholarly journals Immune function during pregnancy varies between ecologically distinct populations

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-128
Author(s):  
Carmen Hové ◽  
Benjamin C Trumble ◽  
Amy S Anderson ◽  
Jonathan Stieglitz ◽  
Hillard Kaplan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leukocyte Count ◽  
Total Leukocyte Count ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Differential Leukocyte Count ◽  
Ecological Conditions ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Immunological Changes ◽  
Fetal Antigens ◽  
Pathogen Exposure

Abstract Background and objectives Among placental mammals, females undergo immunological shifts during pregnancy to accommodate the fetus (i.e. fetal tolerance). Fetal tolerance has primarily been characterized within post-industrial populations experiencing evolutionarily novel conditions (e.g. reduced pathogen exposure), which may shape maternal response to fetal antigens. This study investigates how ecological conditions affect maternal immune status during pregnancy by comparing the direction and magnitude of immunological changes associated with each trimester among the Tsimane (a subsistence population subjected to high pathogen load) and women in the USA. Methodology Data from the Tsimane Health and Life History Project (N = 935) and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (N = 1395) were used to estimate population-specific effects of trimester on differential leukocyte count and C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of systemic inflammation. Results In both populations, pregnancy was associated with increased neutrophil prevalence, reduced lymphocyte and eosinophil count and elevated CRP. Compared to their US counterparts, pregnant Tsimane women exhibited elevated lymphocyte and eosinophil counts, fewer neutrophils and monocytes and lower CRP. Total leukocyte count remained high and unchanged among pregnant Tsimane women while pregnant US women exhibited substantially elevated counts, resulting in overlapping leukocyte prevalence among all third-trimester individuals. Conclusions and implications Our findings indicate that ecological conditions shape non-pregnant immune baselines and the magnitude of immunological shifts during pregnancy via developmental constraints and current trade-offs. Future research should investigate how such flexibility impacts maternal health and disease susceptibility, particularly the degree to which chronic pathogen exposure might dampen inflammatory response to fetal antigens. Lay Summary This study compares immunological changes associated with pregnancy between the Tsimane (an Amazonian subsistence population) and individuals in the USA. Results suggest that while pregnancy enhances non-specific defenses and dampens both antigen-specific immunity and parasite/allergy response, ecological conditions strongly influence immune baselines and the magnitude of shifts during gestation.

scholarly journals AB0474 THE USE OF NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS (NSAIDS) IN WOMEN WITH ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS (AS) DURING PREGNANCY

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1264.2-1265
Author(s):  
O. Krichevskaya ◽  
T. Dubinina ◽  
E. Ilinykh ◽  
S. Glukhova ◽  
A. Demina
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Nsaid Therapy ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Average Daily Dose ◽  
Time Data ◽  
The Third ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
Adherence To Therapy

Background:NSAIDs remain the first-line drugs in treatment of AS. During pregnancy, COX-2 non-selective NSAIDs are allowed for intake up to 32 weeks, but the question of the dose-dependent effect of NSAIDs on fetal organogenesis in the 1st trimester and on fetal kidney function and the increased risk of bleeding in childbirth when taken in the second half of pregnancy continues to be discussed. At the same time, data on the effectiveness of NSAIDs, including their low and medium doses, during pregnancy are extremely small.Objectives:to describe the frequency of using NSAIDs during pregnancy, to determine relationship between the dose of NSAIDs, adherence to therapy with the activity of AS.Methods:50 pregnancies were followed in 49 pregnant women with confirmed AS (modified New York criteria, 1984). The average age of the pts was 31.6 ± 4.9 years, the duration of the disease was 134.4 ± 85.8 months. The visits were conducted at 10-11, 20-21, and 31-32 weeks of pregnancy. The BASDAI in the month of conception and in the trimesters (trim.) of pregnancy was: 1,4[0,6; 3,3]; 2,3[1,2; 4,4]; 2,8[1,4; 4,2] and 2,2[1,6; 4,0], respectively. The level of nocturnal back pain according to the NRS in the first, second and third trim. was: 3.2±2.0; 5.4±2.5 and 5.2±2.6, respectively. The drug of choice was ibuprofen at a maximum daily dose of 1200 mg, its withdrawal - no later than 32 weeks of pregnancy.Adherence to NSAID therapy was defined as the ratio of the actual dose taken to the prescribed dose; an indicator of less than 80% was regarded as non-adherence to therapy. The total dose of NSAIDs was determined by the NSAID intake index (M. Dougados, 2001). The” actual daily dose” of ibuprofen was the sum of the doses of ibuprofen taken, divided by the number of actual days of taking the drug. The “average daily dose” was defined as the sum of the ibuprofen doses taken, divided by the number of days in the trimester.Results:At the time of conception and in the first, second and third trim. of pregnancy, NSAIDs were taken 23 (46%), 20 (40%), 30 (60%) and 21 (43.8%) women, respectively. The NSAID intake index, the actual and average daily dose of ibuprofen are shown in the Table 1.month of conceptiontrim. 1trim. 2trim. 3the actual daily dose, mg-700[425; 800]800[400; 1000]750[400; 1200]the average daily dose, mg-158[87,9; 307,7]355,1[138,5; 685,7]580[320; 1200]NSAIDs intake index28,6 [16,7; 50]5,8 [2,9; 11,8]15,5 [4,7; 30,9]24,4 [9,5; 50]The index of NSAID intake in the first trim. was lower than before pregnancy and in the second half of gestation (p<0.05 compared to the month of conception, II and III trim.). The average daily dose of ibuprofen was also lower in the first trim. than in the second and third trim. (p<0.05), while the actual daily dose in the second trim. was higher than in the first and third trim. (p<0.05 in all cases).There was no correlation between BASDAI AS activity, the level of nocturnal pain and the ibuprofen intake index, likewise the fact of NSAID withdrawal throughout pregnancy. In addition, there were no differences in BASDAI levels and back pain in women with a subjective need for NSAIDs, who did and did’t take ibuprofen.50% of women were committed to NSAID therapy in the first trim., 43.5% in the second trim., and 67.4% in the third trim. In pts with non-adherence to NSAID therapy, the BASDAI level was higher than in those who followed the recommendations of the rheumatologist throughout pregnancy: in the first trim. – 3.8[3.4; 4.7] and 1.7[0.8; 2.2]; in the second trim. - 3[2.3; 4.6] and 1.4[0.8; 2.7]; in the third trim. - 3.1[2.1; 4.0] and 1.7[1.1; 4.0], p<0.05 in all cases. However, women with adherence > 80% were initially less active and NSAIDs were prescribed “on demand”, which increased their compliance.Conclusion:intake of ibuprofen in low doses does not affect the activity of AS. Due to the ongoing discussion about the effect of NSAIDs on neonatal outcomes, further international studies are required for development an optimal treatment regimen during pregnancy with a possible extension of the indications for the appointment of TNF inhibitors (BASDAI<4).Disclosure of Interests:None declared.

Outcomes of Peripheral Blood Eosinophilia in Hospitalized Exacerbations of COPD

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samar El Sharkawy ◽  
Riham Hazem Raafat ◽  
Reem Osama Mohamed Ahmed Qassem
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Leukocyte Count ◽  
Airflow Limitation ◽  
Total Leukocyte Count ◽  
Blood Eosinophil ◽  
Copd Exacerbation ◽  
Peripheral Blood Eosinophil ◽  
Copd Exacerbations ◽  
Cutoff Points

Abstract Background The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) guidelines define COPD as a disease state characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible, is usually progressive, and is associated with an abnormal inflammatory response of the lungs to inhaled noxious particles or gases. Objective To identify outcomes of patients with eosinophilic COPD exacerbations requiring hospital admission. Patients and Methods This study is a prospective cohort study that was conducted on two groups of total 60 patients recruited from Ain Shams University hospitals between October 2019 and July 2020. Group 1: Eosinophilic COPD exacerbation if the peripheral blood eosinophil on admission is ≥ 200 cells/µL and/or ≥2% of the total leukocyte count Group 2: Non-eosinophilic COPD exacerbation if the peripheral blood eosinophil on admission is &lt; 200 cells/µL and/or &lt; 2% of the total leukocyte count. Results There was significant high diagnostic performance in predicting readmission at 6-month among eosinophilic group. Eosinophils count, percent (%) and NLR cutoff points had high characteristics (highest in NLR ≥3.1 at discharge) in predicting readmission at 6-month among eosinophilic group. Diagnostic performance of Eosinophils count, percent (%) and NLR were assessed. Eosinophils count, percent (%) and NLR had significant high diagnostic performance in predicting readmission at 6-month among eosinophilic group. Eosinophils count, % and NLR cutoff points had high characteristics (highest in NLR ≥2.1 at discharge) in predicting readmission at 6month among non-eosinophilic group. Conclusion Eosinophils can be used as a prognostic marker in non-infective COPD exacerbations. Validity of eosinophil count and percent as a prognostic parameter in COPD exacerbation can be increased by combining with other parameters for example NLR.

Letters to the Editor

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-469
Author(s):  
Daniel Safer ◽  
Richard P. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Growth Suppression ◽  
Average Daily Dose ◽  
Letters To The Editor ◽  
Daily Dose

You are quite correct; the dose of dextroamphetamine was not included in the paper.1 The daily dose range for dextroamphetamine was 5 to 40 mg. The average daily dose was 12.4 mg. Fifty-four percent of the children received this medication during the summer, and 10% received the medication three times daily. There was no significant relationship between the dose of dextroamphetamine and growth suppression, a finding presented in Table IV of the paper. We do not know if doses less than 5 mg daily are nonsuppressive of growth.

Abstract 187: Loop Diuretic Therapy in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure among Premier Hospitals

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Behnood Bikdeli ◽  
Kelly Strait ◽  
Kumar Dharmarajan ◽  
Chohreh Partovian ◽  
Nancy Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Loop Diuretic ◽  
Acute Decompensated Heart Failure ◽  
Diuretic Therapy ◽  
Loop Diuretics ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Average Daily Dose ◽  
Duration Of Therapy ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
Hospital Use

Background: Although loop diuretics are frequently used for patients with heart failure (HF), little is known about the variation in patterns of diuretic therapy in US hospitals. We sought to describe such treatment patterns among a diverse group of hospitals. Methods: We studied HF hospitalizations occurring during 2009-10 in Premier Inc. hospitals participating in a collaborative project to pool administrative and charge data, which includes information about drug types, average daily dose, and duration of therapy. We excluded hospitals with less than 25 HF hospitalizations. For ease of comparison, all diuretic doses were converted to bioequivalent doses of intravenous (IV) furosemide: 40mg IV furosemide ∼ 80mg oral furosemide ∼ 20mg (oral or IV) torsemide ∼ 1mg (oral or IV) bumetanide. Summary statistics were calculated. Results: Among 366 studied hospitals (264,675 HF hospitalizations), use of any loop diuretic had an interquartile range (IQR) from 92% to 96% (median: 94%). At the hospital level, the average daily dose IQR varied from 45mg to 64 mg (median: 55 mg) and the median duration of therapy was 4 days (IQR: 4 to 4; median: 4), as was the median length of stay. The IQR for use of furosemide varied from 89% to 94% (median: 92%), and its median average daily dose had an IQR from 40mg to 60 mg (median: 53 mg). Hospital use of bumetanide had an IQR from 2% to 11%, and hospital use of torsemide had an IQR from 0% to 4% (medians of 5% and 1%, respectively). The variation in median average daily dose for bumetanide and torsemide was greater than for furosemide (bumetanide IQR: 79mg to 127 mg, with median of 89 mg; torsemide IQR: 53mg to 120 mg, with median of 80 mg). Use of IV diuretics on the last day before home discharge had an IQR from 16% to 33% (median: 24%) across hospitals. Conclusion: US hospitals administer loop diuretics, particularly furosemide, to the vast majority of HF inpatients. The duration and daily dosage of therapy was similar across most hospitals. In contrast, a minority of hospitals used bumetanide and torsemide for several patients. The daily dosage of these agents showed more marked variation. We observed a high rate of intravenous diuretic use on the last day of hospitalization, with considerable variation across hospitals.

Utility of Blood Markers in Early Prediction of Bacteraemia in Acute Febrile Paediatric Patients – An Observational Cohort Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital of North India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (28) ◽  
pp. 2526-2531
Author(s):  
Rabindra Bhunia ◽  
Bindu T. Nair ◽  
Vandana Negi
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Leukocyte Count ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
North India ◽  
Total Leukocyte Count ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Neutrophil Percentage ◽  
Observational Cohort

BACKGROUND Bacteraemia is a common cause of children presenting to the paediatric emergency with acute febrile illness. Blood cultures remain the gold standard for detection of bacteraemia but the positivity is low and also takes time to show positive results. A rapid and reliable biomarker like procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), total leucocyte count (TLC), and neutrophil-lymphocyte count ratio (NLCR) can be used to identify febrile children with greater risk for bacteraemia or serious bacterial infections. This would be very helpful to start early treatment of bacteraemia with antibiotics. METHODS The study was an observational cohort study conducted in the Department of Paediatrics of a tertiary care hospital in North India in children between age group 6 months to 12 years presenting with fever of > 100.4° F for 2 - 7 days. Blood samples were sent for PCT, CRP, TLC, NLCR and blood cultures. RESULTS The most sensitive biomarker was total leukocyte count (47.36 %) followed by the neutrophil percentage (26.32 %), C-reactive protein (21.05 %), and procalcitonin (15.79 %). The most specific biomarker was procalcitonin (75.14 %) followed by C-reactive protein (58.56 %), neutrophil percentage (22.65 %) and total leukocyte count (11.05 %). The only biomarker that was statistically significant between the bacteraemia and non-bacteraemia group in the present study was total leukocyte count (P – value < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The sensitivity and specificity of each single biomarker is low and hence these cannot be used singly to predict bacteraemia. There should be a combination of biomarkers with adequate sensitivity and specificity that can be used to create an algorithm to aid in diagnosis and prognostication. KEYWORDS Procalcitonin, C-Reactive Protein, Blood Culture, Acute Febrile Patient

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