scholarly journals Ultrastructural Differences Between Thymic and Lymph Node Small Lymphocytes of Mice: Nucleolar Size and Cytoplasmic Volume

Blood ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. HEINIGER ◽  
H. RIEDWYL ◽  
H. GIGER ◽  
B. SORDAT ◽  
H. COTTIER
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Rna Turnover ◽  
Size Frequency Distribution ◽  
Particle Size Analyzer ◽  
Nucleolar Volume ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Uniform Population

Abstract Ultrastructural differences between small lymphocytes of the thymic cortex and those located in the cortical zone of lymph nodes of mice were examined by electron microscopy and cytometric methods. The particle size analyzer TGZ 3 (Zeiss) was used to measure the size-frequency distribution of nucleolar cross-section diameters, and the resulting data were computed mathematically and statistically to determine the corresponding mean volumina. It could be shown that thymic, as compared to lymph node cortical small lymphocytes, (1) have a smaller mean nucleolar volume (0.11µ3 versus 0.46µ3); (2) represent a more uniform population with regard to the frequency distribution of the nucleolar cross section diameters; and (3) are of smaller size due to less cytoplasm, while the mean nuclear volume does not differ significantly from that of small lymphocytes located in the cortex of lymph nodes. These findings are discussed in relation to qualitative ultrastructural peculiarities and probable differences in the magnitude of RNA turnover as estimated by the use of tritiated cytidine. The possible significance of cytometrically defined populations of small lymphocytes with regard to sensitized and nonsensitized cells is considered.

Impact of robotic-assisted approach on lymphadenectomy for colorectal cancer.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 787-787
Author(s):  
Reza Gamagami ◽  
Paul Kozak ◽  
Venkata R. Kakarla
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Laparoscopic Surgery ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Robotic Assisted ◽  
Lymph Node Harvest ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

787 Background: In most recent years, robotic assisted laparoscopic surgery (RALS) has proven to be a viable alternative to laparoscopic and traditional open surgery for colorectal cancer. Obtaining the adequate number of lymph nodes is not only essential for accurate staging, but also impacts both prognosis and the need for adjuvant chemotherapy. To date, the efficacy of lymph node harvest for RALS is not well studied or established. The aim of our study is to analyze the impact of RALS on lymphadenectomy for colorectal cancer. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of patients who underwent curative resections for colorectal cancer over a five-year period at a single institution by a single surgeon. Resections were classified as right-sided, sigmoid, or rectal, and subdivided into robotic and non-robotic surgery groups. The demographic data and histopathology were obtained, with an emphasis on the number lymph nodes harvested (LNH) during resections. Emergencies and non-curative resections were excluded. Results: Between January 2010 and December 2015, 136 patients with colorectal cancer underwent curative resections. Sixty-four underwent right-sided resections (28 laparoscopic, 36 robotic). Twenty-five underwent sigmoid resections (11 laparoscopic, 14 robotic), and 47 underwent rectal resections (15 open, 32 robotic). There was no significant difference in age, sex, BMI and ASA scores between the cohorts examined. The mean number of LNH with RALS was significantly higher in all three groups (right-sided—24 vs. 15 ( p= .0001), sigmoid—16 vs. 12 ( p= .046), rectal—19 vs. 4 ( p= .0016)). There was no difference in the rate of adequate lymph node extraction for staging purpose, i.e., 12 lymph nodes in all three groups. Conclusions: Robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery is associated with a statistically significant increase in lymph node harvest for right-sided, sigmoid and rectal resections for malignancy. Future studies with larger sample sizes are necessary to validate these findings.

Computed Tomographic Evaluation of Presumptively Normal Canine Sternal Lymph Nodes

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 371-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryota Iwasaki ◽  
Takashi Mori ◽  
Yusuke Ito ◽  
Mifumi Kawabe ◽  
Mami Murakmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Prediction Interval ◽  
Short Axis ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT The sternal lymph nodes receive drainage from a wide variety of structures in the thoraco-abdominal region. Evaluation of these lymph nodes is essential, especially in cancer patients. Computed tomography (CT) can detect sternal lymph nodes more accurately than radiography or ultrasonography, and the criteria of the sternal lymphadenopathy are unknown. The purpose of this retrospective study was to describe the CT characteristics of the sternal lymph nodes in dogs considered unlikely to have lymphadenopathy. The ratio of the short axis dimension of the sternal lymph nodes to the thickness of the second sternebra was also investigated. At least one sternal lymph node was identified in each of the 152 dogs included in the study. The mean long axis and short axis dimensions were 0.700 cm and 0.368 cm, respectively. The mean ratio of the sternal lymph nodes to the second sternebrae was 0.457, and the 95% prediction interval ranged from 0.317 to 0.596 (almost a fixed value independent of body weight). These findings will be useful when evaluating sternal lymphadenopathy using CT.

Does Obesity Influence Lymph Node Harvest among Patients Undergoing Colectomy for Colon Cancer?

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (11) ◽  
pp. 1073-1077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir A. Damadi ◽  
Lucas Julien ◽  
Rodrigo Arrangoiz ◽  
Manish Raiji ◽  
David Weise ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Sigmoid Colectomy ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Lymph Node Harvest ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Nonobese Patients

Adequate lymph node harvest among patients undergoing colectomy for cancer is critical for staging and therapy. Obesity is prevalent in the American population. We investigated whether lymph node harvest was compromised in obese patients undergoing colectomy for cancer. Medical records of patients who had undergone colectomy for colon cancer were reviewed. We correlated the number of lymph nodes with body mass index (BMI) and compared the number of lymph nodes among patients with BMI less than 30 kg/m2 to those with BMI of 30 kg/m2 or greater (“obese”). Among all 191 patients, the correlation coefficient was 0.04 (P > 0.2). The mean number of nodes harvested from 122 nonobese patients was 12.4 ± 6 and that for 69 obese patients 12.8 ± 6 (P > 0.2). Among 130 patients undergoing right colectomy and 35 patients undergoing sigmoid colectomy, the correlation coefficients were 0.02 (P > 0.2) and 0.16 (P > 0.2), respectively. There was not a statistically significant difference in lymph node harvest between obese and nonobese patients (14.1 ± 7 vs 13.8 ± 6, P > 0.2; and 11.8 ± 6 vs 8.6 ± 5, P > 0.2), respectively. Obesity did not compromise the number of lymph nodes harvested from patients undergoing colectomy for colon cancer.

scholarly journals The Influence of Starch Modification with Amylosucrase Treatment on Morphological Features

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1409
Author(s):  
Hyeyoung Lee ◽  
Inmyoung Park
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Flat Surface ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Particle Size Analyzer ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Waxy Corn ◽  
Slowly Digestible Starch ◽  
Scanning Electron

Amylosucrase (AS) is a starch-modifying enzyme from Neisseria polysaccharea used to produce low-glycemic starches such as slowly digestible starch (SDS) and resistant starch (RS). The morphology of native, control, and AS-modified waxy corn starches (230 and 460 U) was examined using a particle size analyzer and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). AS modification of the starch elongated the glucose and resulted in higher SDS and RS contents. The mean particle sizes of the control, 230 U-AS-, and 460 U-AS-treated starches were 56.6 µm, 128.0 µm, and 176.5 μm, respectively. The surface of the 460 U-AS-treated starch was entirely porous and coral-like, while the 230 U-AS-treated starch had a partial dense and flat surface which did not react with AS. FE-SEM of the granule cross section confirmed that the center contained a dense and flat region without any evidence of AS reaction to either of the AS-treated starches. It was assumed that the particle size and porous and sponge-like particle features might be related to the SDS and RS fractions.

scholarly journals MAGNITUDE AND PATTERN OF THYMIC LYMPHOCYTE MIGRATION IN NEONATAL MICE

1972 ◽  
Vol 135 (4) ◽  
pp. 907-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. D. Joel ◽  
M. W. Hess ◽  
H. Cottier
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Cell Migration ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Peyer's Patches ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Neonatal Mice ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Thymic Cell

Neonatal mice were given a subcapsular, intrathymic injection of thymidine-3H using a modified microneedle technique, and the migration of labeled cells to spleen, lymph nodes, Peyer's patches, and bone marrow was followed radioautographically with time. Assuming that nonlabeled lymphocytes migrated in the same manner as labeled lymphocytes, it can be concluded that the majority of lymphocytes present within mesenteric lymph nodes (74%) and Peyer's patches (61%), and a large proportion of those located in popliteal lymph nodes (40%) and the spleen (26%), were of thymic origin. Evidence is presented indicating that these are minimum values. The difference in the magnitude of thymic cell migration to gut-associated lymphoid tissue on the one hand and to the spleen and popliteal lymph node on the other hand was tentatively attributed to antigenic stimulation from the intestinal flora which develops during the first days of life. Thymus-derived lymphocytes were scattered throughout the lymph node cortex and splenic follicles. No noticeable thymic cell migration to the bone marrow was found. Labeling indices in the peripheral lymphoid organs paralleled those of cortical thymic lymphocytes suggesting the thymic cortex as the major source of migrants. By 2 days postinjection, the mean grain counts of labeled lymphocytes in all peripheral lymphoid tissues were higher than the mean grain counts of labeled lymphocytes in the thymus. At 7 days postinjection heavily labeled cells constituted 11–16% of the labeled population in peripheral tissues while they were absent from the thymic cortex. These results indicate that a fraction of thymus-derived cells, upon settling in the periphery, remained in, or reentered, a nonproliferative phase for at least 7 days. Conversely, many thymus-derived lymphocytes underwent division in the periphery and/or penetrated the intestinal epithelium. Since the relative number of thymus-derived cells found in the mesenteric lymph nodes of 1- and 2-day old mice was considerably higher than the percentage of cells at this site having the theta (θ) alloantigen, as reported by other authors, the possibility exists that θ-antigen on thymus-derived lymphocytes may, at least in a fraction of these cells, no longer be detectable as they reach the peripheral organs.

scholarly journals Correlation of axillary lymph nodes involvement and Nottingham prognostic index with various histopathologic prognostic factors in invasive breast carcinoma

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1187
Author(s):  
Ashish Shukla ◽  
S. C. Jain ◽  
Manish Swarnkar
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Tumor Size ◽  
Lymphovascular Invasion ◽  
Prognostic Index ◽  
Nottingham Prognostic Index ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lymph Node Stage

Background: Breast cancer is the commonest cancer of urban Indian women and the second commonest in the rural women. The clinical management of this tumor relies on various prognostic factors, most importantly lymph node stage, tumor size and histologic grade. There have been attempts at integration of these factors into meaningful indices. The most widely used of these is the Nottingham prognostic index (NPI), this study was aimed to evaluate the NPI in a group of breast cancer patients and to correlate NPI with other clinical and histo-morphological features.Methods: This was a two-year prospective, observational study was done in the Department of Surgery, Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital of Maharashtra, India. A total of 50 patients who presented with invasive carcinoma of breast from October 2016 to October 2018 were enrolled.Results: Most of the patients belonged to the age group of 41 to 50 years (34%) and the mean age of patients in study was 51.18±11.93 years. Left breast was more affected (62%) than the right breast (38%). Majority of the cases had tumor size of <5 cm (70%) and the mean size of was 4.65±1.89 cms. Majority of the patients (62%) belonged to Bloom Richardson (BR) Grade II and 24% of the patients were ER and PR positive. Lymphovascular invasion was present in 74% of the patients. There was significant positive correlation between tumor size and lymph node involvement. Significant correlation was noted between NPI score and tumor size, positive lymph nodes and BR grade. The mean NPI scores in patients with lymphovascular invasion were noted as 4.92±1.05, compared to 4.83±0.93 among the patients in whom lymphovascular invasion was absent (p=0.779). The mean NPI scores in patients with ER-, PR- were slightly high (4.91±0.94) compared to ER+, PR+ patients (4.76±1.19) (p=0.778).Conclusions: NPI is an essential and valuable prognostic indicator, which should be incorporated in breast cancer reporting by the histopathologists and also primary tumor size, lymph node stage and histological grade which provides further guideline to treating clinicians to choose treatment modalities for the patient and in deciding to follow up plan as well.

scholarly journals A comparison of formalin and GEWF in fixation of colorectal carcinoma specimens: rates of lymph node retrieval and effect on TNM staging

2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 511-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Horne ◽  
Norman J Carr ◽  
Adrian C Bateman ◽  
Ngianga Kandala ◽  
Jody Adams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Neoadjuvant Therapy ◽  
Point Estimate ◽  
Lymph Node Yield ◽  
Lymph Node Retrieval ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Long Course

AimsThe Royal College of Pathologists recommend that a median of at least 12 lymph nodes should be harvested during pathological staging of colorectal cancer. It is not always easy to harvest the required number, especially in patients with rectal cancer receiving neoadjuvant therapy. Lymph node revealing solutions, for example, GEWF, may improve nodal yield. GEWF is safe, cheap and easy to use.MethodsIn a controlled trial, lymph node yields were compared after secondary specimen dissection following either 24 h of further fixation in formalin (n=101) or GEWF immersion (n=99). The number, size and tumour status of additional lymph nodes identified were compared between groups. Twenty-seven cases that received long-course neoadjuvant therapy were also assessed.ResultsMedian lymph node yield at primary dissection met national standards overall (19) but also in the long-course neoadjuvant therapy group (13). Lymph nodes were smaller in neoadjuvant cases compared with non-neoadjuvant cases (mean size range 1.3–5.6 mm vs 1.5–8.9 mm). The use of further fixation and GEWF detected more nodes at secondary dissection. The mean number of additional nodes harvested was greater with formalin (8.3) than GEWF (7.3). There was no significant difference in the mean size of the additional lymph nodes detected between groups (point estimate 1.02; 95% CI −0.58 to 2.63; p=0.211). Upstaging triggering adjunct chemotherapy occurred in 1% (2/200) of cases.ConclusionsThe routine use of adjunct techniques to identify additional lymph nodes is unnecessary with underlying high-quality dissection practice. Emphasis should be placed upon education and training, spending appropriate time dissecting and ensuring specimens are sufficiently fixed beforehand.

scholarly journals Feasibility and Safety of Laparoscopic Radical Colectomy for T4b Colon Cancer at a University Hospital in Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Thinh H. Nguyen ◽  
Hung X. Tran ◽  
Truc T. Thai ◽  
Duc M. La ◽  
Huy D. Tran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Lymph Node Metastases ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Colon Cancers ◽  
Node Metastases ◽  
The Mean

Background. The choice of optimal treatment strategies for T4b colon cancers has still been discussed, particularly the initiation of neoadjuvant therapy or surgery. We conducted this study to evaluate the safety and feasibility of laparoscopic multivisceral resection for T4b colon cancers. Methods. We used the retrospective design to include all 43 patients with T4b colon cancer at a university hospital in Vietnam from March 2017 to March 2019. All patients were followed 30 days after the surgery, and information about the day of the first flatus, length of hospital stay, iatrogenic complications, postoperative morbidity, mortality, and adjuvant chemotherapy was collected. Results. The mean operating time was 187 minutes (ranging from 80 to 310), the mean blood loss was 64.3 ml (5-200), and the conversion rate was 2.3%. The mean number of lymph nodes harvested was 15.5 ( SD = 8.06 ), and 33 patients (76.7%) had at least 12 lymph nodes harvested. A total of 21 patients (48.8%) had lymph node metastases with a mean number of lymph node metastases of 1.89 ( SD = 3.4 ). The radial resection margin was R0 in all 43 patients (100%). The median time until the first flatus and hospital stay were 3 days (2–5) and 7.1 (6–11) days, respectively. There was no mortality at 30 days postoperatively, and one patient had iatrogenic complication (2.3%). Conclusion. Laparoscopic radical colectomy was feasible and safe for patients with T4b colon cancer except those requiring major and complicated reconstruction.

scholarly journals Safety and Feasibility of No.12a Lymph Node Dissection by Portal Vein Approach in Radical Laparoscopic Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 153303382097127
Author(s):  
Hai-Peng Huang ◽  
Wen-Jun Xiong ◽  
Yao-Hui Peng ◽  
Yan-Sheng Zheng ◽  
Li-Jie Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Blood Loss ◽  
Portal Vein ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Lymph Node Dissection ◽  
Intraoperative Blood Loss ◽  
Node Dissection ◽  
Metastasis Rate ◽  
The Mean

Background: Traditional laparoscopic No.12a lymph node dissection in radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer may damage the peripheral blood vessels, and is not conducive to the full exposure of the portal vein and the root ligation of the left gastric vein. We recommend a new surgical procedure, the portal vein approach, to avoid these problems. Methods: 25 patients with advanced gastric cancer underwent radical laparoscopic gastrectomy and No.12a lymph node were dissected by portal vein approach, including 7 cases with total gastrectomy, 18 cases with distal gastric resection, 14 males and 11 females. Operative time, intraoperative blood loss, time to first flatus, postoperative hospital stay, number of total lymph node dissection and No.12a lymph node dissection, No.12a lymph node metastasis rate and postoperative complications were statistically observed. Results: All the patients were operated successfully and No.12a lymph node were cleaned by portal vein approach. A total of 683 lymph nodes were dissected, with the average number of lymph nodes dissection and positive lymph nodes were (27.3 ± 12.7) and (3.8 ± 5.6) respectively. The average number of No.12a lymph node dissection was (2.4 ± 1.95) and the metastasis rate of No.12a lymph node was 16% (4/25). The average operation time of radical laparoscopic distal and total gastrectomy were (239.2 ± 51.4) min and (295.1 ± 27.7) min respectively. The mean intraoperative blood loss was (134.0 ± 65.7) ml, and postoperative first anal exhaust time was (2.24 ± 0.86) d. The mean time to fluid intake was (4.2 ± 1.7) d, and postoperative hospitalization time was (9.6 ± 5.0) d. Without portal vein injure, anastomotic leakage, gastrointestinal bleeding, intestinal obstruction and other complications were observed in all patient. Conclusion: Our results show that the laparoscopic No.12a lymph node dissection by portal vein approach for gastric cancer is safe, feasible and has certain clinical application value.

Robotic-Assisted Video Endoscopic Inguinal Lymphadenectomy in Carcinoma Vulva: Our Experiences and Intermediate Results

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vandana Jain ◽  
Rupinder Sekhon ◽  
Shveta Giri ◽  
Nahida Hassan ◽  
Kanika Batra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Lymph Node Dissection ◽  
Inguinal Lymph Node ◽  
Node Dissection ◽  
Inguinal Lymph Node Dissection ◽  
Open Procedure ◽  
Robotic Assisted ◽  
Inguinal Lymphadenectomy ◽  
The Mean

ObjectivesTo describe the technique of robotic-assisted video endoscopic inguinal lymphadenectomy (R-VEIL) in patients with carcinoma vulva and discuss the advantages of the technique and oncological outcome.MethodsTwelve patients of squamous cell cancer of vulva underwent 22 R-VEIL procedures from February 2011 to February 2015. Their preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative data were retrospectively analysed.ResultsThe mean age of patients was 61 years (range, 32–78 years). The mean operative time was 69.3 minutes (range, 45–95 minutes). The mean blood loss was 30 mL (range, 15–50 mL). No intraoperative complication was observed. The mean drain output was 119 mL (range, 50–250 mL), and the drains were removed at a mean of 13.9 days (range, 8–38 days). The average number of superficial and deep inguinofemoral lymph nodes retrieved was 11 (range, 4–26). Two patients had positive lymph nodes on histopathology (16.67%). Postoperative complications were lymphocele (6 groins), chronic lower limb lymphedema (6 cases), prolonged lymphorrhea (1 groin), and cellulitis (2 groins). Over a follow-up period ranging from 7 to 67 months, 1 patient developed recurrence in the inguinal nodes and died 7 months after the recurrence.ConclusionsThe R-VEIL allows the removal of inguinal lymph nodes within the same limits as the open procedure for inguinal lymph node dissection and has a potential to reduce the surgical morbidity associated with the open procedure. Long-term oncological results are not available though our initial results appear promising. Prospective multi-institutional studies are required to prove its efficacy over open inguinal lymph node dissection.

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