scholarly journals Prokaryote-expressed M2e protein improves H9N2 influenza vaccine efficacy and protection against lethal influenza a virus in mice

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun-Ha Kim ◽  
Jun-Han Lee ◽  
Philippe Noriel Q Pascua ◽  
Min-Suk Song ◽  
Yun-Hee Baek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Vaccine Efficacy ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
M2e Protein

Influenza A Virus Aboard a US Navy Ship in 1972 and the Antibody Response of the Crew to Influenza Vaccine

1975 ◽  
Vol 140 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irving J. Green ◽  
George S. Irving ◽  
Shao-chen Hung ◽  
James V. Davenport
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Us Navy

scholarly journals Comparison of Adjuvanted-Whole Inactivated Virus and Live-Attenuated Virus Vaccines against Challenge with Contemporary, Antigenically Distinct H3N2 Influenza A Viruses

2018 ◽  
Vol 92 (22) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenio J. Abente ◽  
Daniela S. Rajao ◽  
Jefferson Santos ◽  
Bryan S. Kaplan ◽  
Tracy L. Nicholson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Vaccine Efficacy ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
The United States ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Influenza A Viruses ◽  
Partial Protection ◽  
Attenuated Virus ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTInfluenza A viruses in swine (IAV-S) circulating in the United States of America are phylogenetically and antigenically distinct. A human H3 hemagglutinin (HA) was introduced into the IAV-S gene pool in the late 1990s, sustained continued circulation, and evolved into five monophyletic genetic clades, H3 clades IV-A to -E, after 2009. Across these phylogenetic clades, distinct antigenic clusters were identified, with three clusters (cyan, red, and green antigenic cluster) among the most frequently detected antigenic phenotypes (Abente EJ, Santos J, Lewis NS, Gauger PC, Stratton J, et al. J Virol 90:8266–8280, 2016,https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01002-16). Although it was demonstrated that antigenic diversity of H3N2 IAV-S was associated with changes at a few amino acid positions in the head of the HA, the implications of this diversity for vaccine efficacy were not tested. Using antigenically representative H3N2 viruses, we compared whole inactivated virus (WIV) and live-attenuated influenza virus (LAIV) vaccines for protection against challenge with antigenically distinct H3N2 viruses in pigs. WIV provided partial protection against antigenically distinct viruses but did not prevent virus replication in the upper respiratory tract. In contrast, LAIV provided complete protection from disease and virus was not detected after challenge with antigenically distinct viruses.IMPORTANCEDue to the rapid evolution of the influenza A virus, vaccines require continuous strain updates. Additionally, the platform used to deliver the vaccine can have an impact on the breadth of protection. Currently, there are various vaccine platforms available to prevent influenza A virus infection in swine, and we experimentally tested two: adjuvanted-whole inactivated virus and live-attenuated virus. When challenged with an antigenically distinct virus, adjuvanted-whole inactivated virus provided partial protection, while live-attenuated virus provided effective protection. Additional strategies are required to broaden the protective properties of inactivated virus vaccines, given the dynamic antigenic landscape of cocirculating strains in North America, whereas live-attenuated vaccines may require less frequent strain updates, based on demonstrated cross-protection. Enhancing vaccine efficacy to control influenza infections in swine will help reduce the impact they have on swine production and reduce the risk of swine-to-human transmission.

Design, synthesis and primary immunologic evaluation of M2e-CRM197 conjugate as a universal influenza vaccine candidate

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Xu ◽  
Chun Zhang ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Rong Yu ◽  
Zhiguo Su
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Acid Hydrazide ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Carrier Protein ◽  
Universal Influenza Vaccine

Background: Influenza is a contagious respiratory illness caused by acute infection of influenza viruses, among which influenza A virus causes epidemic seasonal infection nearly every year. Along with unpredictability of evolving influenza A virus and time-consuming vaccine development cycles, novel universal influenza vaccine designed to induce broadly cross-reactive immune responses against frequently mutant influenza A virus strains are greatly urgent. Objective: The aim of this study was to synthesize a novel vaccine through the dual-site specific conjugation of the constant epitope of 23 amino acids (M2e) of influenza A virus with highly immunogenic carrier protein of cross-reacting material (CRM197) under denaturation, and evaluate its primary immunogenicity in mice. Methods: The antigen (M2e) and the carrier protein (CRM197) were linked with different type of hetero-functionalized linkers, α-maleimide-ε-hydrazide polyethylene glycol 2k (MAL-PEG-HZ) and N-β-maleimidopropionic acid hydrazide (BMPH) separately. The immunogenicity of the M2e-CRM197 conjugates with different type of linkers was evaluated in mice, and the M2e-specific total IgG and IgG-isotypes were determined by ELSIA. Results: Immunogenicity study revealed that anti-M2e antibody could be induced by the conjugate products, M2e-PEGCRM197 and M2e-BMPH-CRM197, were approximately 30 and 90-fold higher than that of M2e group. In addition, the antiM2e antibody level induced by M2e-PEG-CRM197 conjugate was three times higher than that of M2e-BMPH-CRM197 conjugate, and the former could simultaneously activate both cellar and humoral immune responses. Conclusions: The M2e-CRM197 conjugated vaccines we synthesized in this study are highly immunogenic compared with M2e alone. Besides, evidences were presented here indicated that the hydrophilic, non-immunogenic and biocompatible chain of the cross-linker might be a better choice for development of conjugate vaccine.

scholarly journals Possible repurposing of seasonal influenza vaccine for prevention of Zika virus infection

F1000Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veljko Veljkovic ◽  
Slobodan Paessler
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Central America ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Primary Structure ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
Zikv Infection ◽  
Seasonal Influenza Vaccine

The in silico analysis shows that the envelope glycoproteins E of Zika viruses (ZIKV) isolated in Asia, Africa and South and Central America encode highly conserved information determining their interacting profile and immunological properties. Previously it was shown that the same information is encoded in the primary structure of the hemagglutinin subunit 1 (HA1) from pdmH1N1 influenza A virus.  This similarity suggests possible repurposing of the seasonal influenza vaccine containing pdmH1N1 component for prevention of the ZIKV infection.

scholarly journals The prediction of Influenza A/H3N2 Vaccine Efficacy using samples obtained from Indonesian Hajj pilgrims in 2013

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Agustiningsih Agustiningsih ◽  
Kartika Dewi Puspa ◽  
Hartanti Dian Ikawati ◽  
Eka Pratiwi ◽  
Ririn Ramadhany ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Vaccine Strain ◽  
Vaccine Efficacy ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Health Science ◽  
H3n2 Virus ◽  
Science Journal ◽  
Virus Influenza

Abstrak Latar Belakang: Vaksinasi merupakan salah satu cara efektif dalam mengontrol dan mengurangi beban penyakit yang disebabkan oleh Influenza. Akan tetapi, efikasi vaksin bisa bervariasi jika strain yang digunakan untuk vaksin berbeda dengan strain yang bersirkulasi di dunia. Hal ini menunjukan pentingnya melakukan analisa prediksi efikasi vaksin. Pada studi ini, prediksi efikasi vaksin Influenza A/H3N2 dilakukan berdasarkan perhitungan antigenic distance strain vaksin WHO dengan virus influenza yang berasal dari jemaah Haj iIndonesia pada tahun 2013. Metode: Sekuensing gen HA dilakukan terhadap dua sampel tersimpan yang terkonfirmasi positif Influenza A/ H3N2 yang berasal dari jemaah Haji Indonesia tahun 2013. Pepitope Calculator digunakan untuk menghitung antigenic distance dari dua strain virus influenza dan dilanjutkan dengan perhitungan Pepitope value. Vaksin strain yang direkomendasikan oleh WHO; A/Texas/50/2012, A/Switzerland/9715293/2013, A/HongKong/4801/2014 dan dua virus yang diambil dari jemaah Haji Indonesia pada tahun 2013 dianalisa pada studi ini. Hasil: Prediksi efikasi vaksin yang direkomendasikan WHO tahun 2013 (A/Texas/50/2012) dengan sampel yang berasal dari jemaah Haji Indonesia tahun 2013 menunjukkan hasil lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan strain vaksin untuk musim flu pada tahun selanjutnya. Hasil ini sesuai dengan hasil analisis filogenetik dan perbandingan asam amino dimana sampel pada studi ini berkerabat lebih dekat dengan strain vaksin untuk musim flu selanjutnya dengan perbedaan asam amino yang lebih sedikit di bagian epitope protein HA dibandingkan dengan vaksin tahun 2013. Kesimpulan: Perhitungan efikasi vaksin menggunakan antigenic distance antara strain vaksin WHO dan virus yang menginfeksi jemaah haji Indonesia pada tahun 2013 menunjukkan hasil yang rendah. (Health Science Journal of Indonesia 2018;9(1):1-7) Keywords: Efikasi vaksin, Influenza A/H3N2, jemaah Haji, Indonesia Abstract Background: Influenza vaccination is an effective approach to control and reduce the disease burden of influenza viruses. However, the efficacy of influenza vaccine varies every year due to the different antigenic distance between vaccine and the circulating influenza strains globally and therefore necessitates the study of vaccine efficacy (VE). This study describes the prediction of Influenza A/H3N2 VE based on antigenic distances WHO vaccine strains and the virus obtained from Indonesian Hajj pilgrims in 2013. Methods: Coding between Sequence of HA gene of Influenza A/H3N2 virus was obtained from archival samples of Indonesian Hajj Pilgrims in 2013. Pepitope value calculation using Pepitope Calculator to measure the antigenic distance of HA sequences of two influenza strains was implemented. The HA sequences of WHO vaccine strains: A/ Texas/50/2012, A/Switzerland/9715293/2013, A/HongKong/4801/2014 and two influenza viruses from Indonesian Hajj pilgrims in 2013 were analyzed. Results: This study predicted that influenza vaccine strain recommended by WHO for 2013 (A/Texas/50/2012) have low efficacy to the influenza virus obtained from Indonesian Hajj Pilgrim in 2013 while showing higher efficacy to vaccine strain recommended for the following year. This result was in line with phylogenetic analysis and amino acid differences in which the samples in this study were grouped together with vaccine strain in following years and had less amino acid differences in epitope located in HA protein compared with 2013 vaccine strain. Conclusion: The prediction of VE using the antigenic distance measurement between WHO vaccine strain and Indonesian Hajj pilgrim collected in 2013, is considered low. (Health Science Journal of Indonesia 2018;9(1):1-7) Keywords: Vaccine efficacy, influenza A/H3N2 virus, Hajj pilgrim, Indonesia

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