scholarly journals Combined driving: task-specific position impacts grip strength of equestrian athletes

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela M. Keener ◽  
Kimberly I. Tumlin ◽  
Nicholas R. Heebner
Keyword(s):  
Grip Strength ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Hand Strength ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Hand Size ◽  
Aging Populations ◽  
Driving Task ◽  
Specific Position ◽  
Prior Injury ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Loss of hand strength is a predictor of mortality in aging populations. Despite reliance on the hands to participate in equestrian driving activity, no existing studies focus on associations of hand strength to athletic performance. Therefore, this study 1) established baseline handgrip of equestrian combined drivers in standing and task-specific positions, 2) determined endurance of task-specific handgrip, 3) compared handgrip strength to normative data, and 4) evaluated associations of handgrip and equestrian-specific variables. Methods There were 51 combined drivers (9 males, 42 females) ages 21–78 who completed a survey, standing handgrip, and grip strength and endurance in a task-specific position. Sixty-three percent of participants were 50 years or older. The dynamometer grip bar was normalized by hand size for standing tests; to duplicate sport-specific tasks, the bar was set to the closest setting. Significances were determined at p < 0.05. Results Drivers with more than 30 years of experience demonstrated highest summed standing (73.1 ± 5.2 kg) and summed sitting (59.9 ± 6.3 kg) grip strength. Females 60-years and older had greater handgrip endurance (Χ2 = 8.323, df = 2, p = .0156) in non-dominant (left) hands. Males (60%) reported more cold weather fatigue than females. Glove wearing was associated with bilateral endurance balance; a higher proportion of endurance balance between dominant and non-dominant (49% high-high and 29% low-low; Χ2 = 11.047, df = 1, p = .0009) was realized. There were no associations of handgrip and prior injury. Conclusions Our results have implications in understanding task-specific and normative grip strengths in aging equestrian populations. Bilateral balance in handgrip strength and endurance is important particularly in maintaining strength in non-dominant hands over time. Equestrian driving sport promotes greater endurance in older females. Strength can be improved by participating in combined driving, and engagement in this sport over several years’ benefits hand strength over time. This cohort of equestrian participants provides evidence that participating in hand-specific activities promotes greater strength, which has been previously shown to improve aging outcomes.

scholarly journals Combined Driving: Task-specific Position Impacts Grip Strength Of Equestrian Athletes

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (7S) ◽  
pp. 1032-1032
Author(s):  
Michaela Keener ◽  
Kimberly I. Tumlin ◽  
Nicholas R. Heebner
Keyword(s):  
Grip Strength ◽  
Driving Task ◽  
Specific Position

Inflammation, Functional Status, and Weight Loss During Recovery From Cardiac Surgery in Older Adults

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rose Ann DiMaria-Ghalili ◽  
Eileen M. Sullivan-Marx ◽  
Charlene Compher
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Functional Status ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Chair Stand ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Over Time

Objective: To determine the nutritional, inflammatory, and functional aspects of unintentional weight loss after cardiac surgery that warrant further investigation. Research Methods and Procedures: Twenty community-dwelling adults > 65 years old undergoing cardiac surgery (coronary artery bypass graft [CABG] or CABG + valve) were recruited for this prospective longitudinal (preoperative and 4–6 weeks postdischarge) pilot study. Anthropometrics (weight, standing height, and mid-arm and calf circumference), nutritional status (Mini-Nutritional Assessment™ [MNA]), appetite, physical performance (timed chair stand), muscle strength (hand grip) and functional status (basic and instrumental activities of daily living), and inflammatory markers (plasma leptin, ghrelin, interleukin [IL]-6, high-sensitivity[hs] C-reactive protein, and serum albumin and prealbumin) were measured. Results: Participants who completed the study ( n = 11 males, n = 3 females) had a mean age 70.21 ± 4.02 years. Of these, 12 lost 3.66 ± 1.44 kg over the study period. Weight, BMI, activities of daily living, and leptin decreased over time ( p < .05). IL-6 increased over time ( p < .05). Ghrelin, hs-CRP, and timed chair stand increased over time in those who underwent combined procedures ( p < .05). Grip strength decreased in those who developed complications ( p = .004). Complications, readmission status, and lowered grip strength were found in those with low preoperative MNA scores ( p < .05). Conclusion: After cardiac surgery, postdischarge weight loss occurs during a continued inflammatory response accompanied by decreased physical functioning and may not be a positive outcome. The impacts of weight loss, functional impairment, and inflammation during recovery on disability and frailty warrant further study.

Prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with gastroesophageal and lung malignancies undergoing surgical resection and its impact on immediate postoperative outcomes: A prospective observational study.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e18617-e18617
Author(s):  
Sudhakar Gunasekar ◽  
SVS Deo ◽  
Sunil Kumar ◽  
Ekta Dhamija ◽  
Sandeep Kumar Bhoriwal
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gastroesophageal Cancer ◽  
Combined Method ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Index ◽  
Strength Based

e18617 Background: The study evaluated the prevalence & impact of sarcopenia in gastroesophageal cancer (GC) & lung cancer (LC) patients undergoing resection. Methods: An observational prospective study was conducted in department of surgical oncology, AIIMS, New Delhi. All patients aged under 65 years with resectable GC & LC were included. Skeletal muscle index (SMI) using cross-sectional CT images at the level of L3 & Hand grip strength (dynamometer) were used to assess sarcopenia. Random benign patients with CT images were used as control group. Patients were categorized into sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic and outcome parameters were compared. Results: In the study population (n = 66), GC & LC constituted 44 (66.67%) & 22(33.33%) respectively. Mean age was 53.4 years. The prevalence of sarcopenia based on the combined method (CT imaging & handgrip strength) was 57.58%, CT based sarcopenia was 33.34% & handgrip strength-based sarcopenia was 43.93%. Mild and moderate sarcopenia was seen in 37.88% (n = 25) & 19.7 % (n = 13) respectively. Among patients with GC, prevalence of sarcopenia was 59.09% by combined method, 36.36% and 43.18% by CT based method alone & handgrip strength-based method alone respectively. Among LC prevalence of sarcopenia was 54.54% by combined method, 27.27% and 45.45% by CT based & handgrip-based method. The concordance between CT muscle mass & grip strength was 62.12%. Most female patients had weak handgrip strength despite having normal SMI. In control group (n = 44) mean age was 54.5 years, the prevalence of CT based sarcopenia was 34.09%. Weight loss history & BMI correlated with the degree of sarcopenia. Out of 66 patients 13% (n = 9) patients were unresectable. Moderate sarcopenia group had more statistically significant (P -0.02) unresectable disease compared to mild and non-sarcopenic groups. In postoperative period, sarcopenic group (64.51% vs 38.36 %) had more grade 2 complications though statistically insignificant. There was no difference in hospital stay between the two groups. In patients with GC , postoperative respiratory complication occurred in 11.53% (n = 3) of sarcopenic patients and 5.5%(n = 1) of non-sarcopenic patients, anastomotic leak occurred in 7.69% (n = 2) of sarcopenic patients and 5.5% (n = 1) of nonsarcopenic patients. Conclusions: The prevalence of sarcopenia is higher in patients with gastroesophageal cancer compared to lung cancer. The important factors that affect the sarcopenia include age and body mass index and weight loss history. The study has showed a trend towards increased post-operative complications and increased unresectable cases in patients with mild to moderate sarcopenia. Further larger studies are required to validate if sarcopenia can be used as an adjunct to predict resectability and post-operative outcomes.

Projection Bias in Catalog Orders

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 1217-1249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Conlin ◽  
Ted O'Donoghue ◽  
Timothy J Vogelsang
Keyword(s):  
Field Data ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Laboratory Evidence ◽  
Return Probability ◽  
Projection Bias ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Over Time

Evidence suggests that people understand qualitatively how tastes change over time, but underestimate the magnitudes. This evidence is limited, however, to laboratory evidence or surveys of reported happiness. We test for such projection bias in field data. Using data on catalog orders of cold-weather items, we find evidence of projection bias over the weather—specifically, people's decisions are overinfluenced by the current weather. Our estimates suggest that if the order-date temperature declines by 30°F, the return probability increases by 3.95 percent. We also estimate a structural model to measure the magnitude of the bias. (JEL D12, L81)

scholarly journals Weak Handgrip at Index Admission for Acute Exacerbation of COPD Predicts All-Cause 30-Day Readmission

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah J. Witt ◽  
W. Alexandra Spacht ◽  
Kyle A. Carey ◽  
Vineet M. Arora ◽  
Steven R. White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grip Strength ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
General Medicine ◽  
Predictive Biomarker ◽  
Physical Frailty ◽  
Frailty Phenotype ◽  
Academic Center ◽  
Acute Exacerbations ◽  
Exacerbation Of Copd ◽  
The University

Rationale: Identifying patients hospitalized for acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD) who are at high risk for readmission is challenging. Traditional markers of disease severity such as pulmonary function have limited utility in predicting readmission. Handgrip strength, a component of the physical frailty phenotype, may be a simple tool to help predict readmission.Objective(s): To investigate if handgrip strength, a component of the physical frailty phenotype and surrogate for weakness, is a predictive biomarker of COPD readmission.Methods: This was a prospective, observational study of patients admitted to the inpatient general medicine unit at the University of Chicago Medicine, US. This study evaluated age, sex, ethnicity, degree of obstructive lung disease by spirometry (FEV1 percent predicted), and physical frailty phenotype (components include handgrip strength and walk speed). The primary outcome was all-cause hospital readmission within 30 days of discharge.Results: Of 381 eligible patients with AECOPD, 70 participants agreed to consent to participate in this study. Twelve participants (17%) were readmitted within 30 days of discharge. Weak grip at index hospitalization, defined as grip strength lower than previously established cut-points for sex and body mass index (BMI), was predictive of readmission (OR 11.2, 95% CI 1.3, 93.2, p = 0.03). Degree of airway obstruction (FEV1 percent predicted) did not predict readmission (OR 1.0, 95% CI 0.95, 1.1, p = 0.7). No non-frail patients were readmitted.Conclusions: At a single academic center weak grip strength was associated with increased 30-day readmission. Future studies should investigate whether geriatric measures can help risk-stratify patients for likelihood of readmission after admission for AECOPD.

scholarly journals Effect of grip size and grip strength on pistol marksmanship in police officers: A pilot study

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-72
Author(s):  
Robin Orr ◽  
Anthony Rofe ◽  
Ben Hinton ◽  
Jay Dawes ◽  
Gianpiero Greco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Influencing Factor ◽  
Hand Grip Strength ◽  
Stationary Target ◽  
Hand Grip ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Hand Size ◽  
Self Defence

Police officers may be required to use their firearms in self-defence. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationships between hand grip size and strength with pistol shooting accuracy in police officers. Twelve (age = 38.08 ± 6.24 years; height = 174.42 ± 7.33 cm) police officers had their hand sizes (palm width and hand span) and hand grip strength measured. Handgrip dynamometer was set at a Glock 17 pistol's grip width (50 mm). The officers fired 10 rounds from their service pistols at a stationary target. Independent samples t-tests were performed to identify differences between the sexes. Correlations were used to investigate relationships between measures of hand size, strength, and marksmanship. Alpha levels were set at p < 0.05. Male officers were significantly stronger (p = 0.01) and had a bigger hand width (p = 0.03), but not hand span. There were no significant differences in marksmanship between the sexes. Neither hand size nor grip strength had a significant impact on marksmanship even though there were strong and significant relationships between hand size (span and MCP) and grip strength. A V-shaped curve appears to exist between grip strength and marksmanship and hand span and marksmanship, with a potential influencing factor being the standard sizing of the pistol grip.

scholarly journals Força de preensão palmar em idosos: uma revisão integrativa

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Caroline Zanin ◽  
Matheus Santos Gomes Jorge ◽  
Bruna Knob ◽  
Lia Mara Wibelinger ◽  
Gustavo Abreu Libero
Keyword(s):  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Health Sciences ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Hand Strength ◽  
Strength Analysis ◽  
Physical Exercises ◽  
Manual Force

Aims: The aim this study is was to review in the literature studies on the handgrip strength analysis in the elderly. Source of data: Were selected manually manuscripts in the Portuguese and English languages indexed in the electronic databases SciELO, Lilacs and MEDLINE starting from the primary descriptor “Força da mão” (“Hand Strength”) in crossroads with the secondary descriptors “Idoso” (“Aged”) and “Envelhecimento” (“Aging”), all according to the Descriptors of Health Sciences. Summary of findings: We included studies, with samples composed of elderly submitted to the hand strength test, by means of manual dynamometry. Was found 4155 articles in the search. Of these, 65 articles were read carefully and 08 were included in the present review. Conclusions: In short, older men have a higher palmar grip strength compared to women. Furthermore, risk factors such as osteoporosis, pain and malnutrition may influence in handgrip strength and general muscular strength of the elderly, and regular physical exercises may increase or prevent loss of manual force.

The Reinvention of Immigration Detention in Italy in the Aftermath of the “Refugee Crisis”: A Study of Parliamentary Records (2013–2018)

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-403
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Campesi
Keyword(s):  
Border Control ◽  
Refugee Crisis ◽  
Immigration Detention ◽  
Italian Case ◽  
Specific Position ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Control Regime ◽  
Over Time

Abstract The aim of this article is to explore the peculiarity of Italian policies on immigration detention and their evolution over time. This will be done by highlighting the main factors that might explain the apparent political disinvestment in immigration detention in Italy, in particular in the years between 2013 and 2015, and account for the turnaround in approach announced and then implemented by the two Interior Ministers in charge between 2017 and 2019. The article uses the Italian case as an opportunity to explore the functions that are assigned to immigration detention in destination countries. In particular, it considers whether or not it can be argued that immigration detention in Italy has been “reinvented” (meaning that its functions have somewhat changed) as a consequence of the so-called “refugee crisis” and in light of Italy’s specific position in the contemporary geopolitics of the EU’s border control regime.

scholarly journals A temporal analysis of safety drivers taking back control in public roadway automated driving trials

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 1532-1536
Author(s):  
Nicole M. Corcoran ◽  
Daniel V. McGehee ◽  
T. Zachary Noonan
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Automated Vehicles ◽  
Automated Driving ◽  
The Public ◽  
Environment Research ◽  
Operational Design ◽  
Take Back ◽  
Driving Task ◽  
Over Time

In 2019, industry is in the testing stages of level 4 SAE/NHTSA automated vehicles. While in testing, L4 vehicles require a safety driver to monitor the driving task at all times. These specially trained drivers must take back control if the vehicle doesn’t seem to be responding correctly to the ever-changing roadway and environment. Research suggests that monitoring the driving task can lead to a decrease in vigilance over time. Recently, Waymo publicly released takeover request and mileage data on its 2018 L4 autonomous vehicle takeover requests. From this data, which was represented in mileage, we created temporal metric which showed that there were typically 150-250 hours without a takeover request. From this we suggest that there may be a decrement in vigilance for Waymo safety drivers. While there are still many unknowns, we suggest Waymo release takeover requests in terms of time rather than mileage and provide more information on the operational design domains of these vehicles. Expanding the content of this publicly-released data could then give researchers and the public more understanding of the conditions under which safety drivers are functioning.

scholarly journals Mobility Impairment in Patients New to Dialysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 705-714
Author(s):  
Ranjani N. Moorthi ◽  
William F. Fadel ◽  
Alissa Cranor ◽  
Judy Hindi ◽  
Keith G. Avin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Health Utility ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Mobility Impairment ◽  
Lower Health ◽  
Over Time

Background: Impaired mobility is associated with functional dependence, frailty, and mortality in prevalent patients undergoing dialysis. We investigated risk factors for mobility impairment, (poor gait speed) in patients incident to dialysis, and changes in gait speed over time in a 2-year longitudinal study. Methods: One hundred eighty-three patients enrolled within 6 months of dialysis initiation were followed up 6, 12, and 24 months later. Grip strength, health-related quality of life, and comorbidities were assessed at baseline. Outcomes were (a) baseline gait speed and (b) change in gait speed over time. Gait speed was assessed by 4-meter walk. Multivariate linear regression was used to identify risk factors for low gait speed at baseline. For longitudinal analyses, linear mixed effects modeling with gait speed modeled over time was used as the outcome. Results: Participants were 54.7 ± 12.8 years old, 52.5% men, 73.9% black with mean dialysis vintage of 100.1 ± 46.9 days and median gait speed 0.78 (0.64–0.094) m/s. Lower health utility and grip strength, diabetic nephropathy, and walking aids were associated with lower baseline gait speed. Loss of 0.1 m/s gait speed occurred in 24% of subjects at 1 year. In multivariate mixed effects models, only age, walking aid use, lower health utility, and lower handgrip strength were significantly associated with gait speed loss. Conclusions: In our cohort of incident dialysis patients, overall gait speed is very low and 54.2% of the subjects continue to lose gait speed over 2 years. Older age, lower handgrip strength, and quality of life are risk factors for slowness. Patients at highest risk of poor gait speed can be identified at dialysis initiation to allow targeted implementation of therapeutic options.

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