Elucidation of the molecular responses during the primary infection of wild blueberry phenotypes with Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi under field conditions

Abstract Background Monilinia blight caused by Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi (Reade) Honey (M.vc) is a major disease of wild blueberry that can result in severe crop losses in the absence of an integrated disease management programme. The fungus causes blight in the emerging floral and vegetative buds, but the degree of susceptibility varies among the different wild blueberry phenotypes, ranging from the highly susceptible V. a. f. nigrum to the moderately susceptible V. angustifolium and the least susceptible V. myrtilloides. Results The present study evaluated the defense responses of these major phenotypes during their primary infection (floral buds) with M.vc. The temporal expression profiles of PR genes (PR3 and PR4) and the flavonoid pathway structural genes (CHS, ANS, ANR, DFR and FLS) were analysed. The PR3 and PR4 gene expression profiles revealed that V. myrtilloides responded to M.vc infection by activating the expression of both PR genes. V. a. f. nigrum, on the other hand, failed to activate these genes, while V. angustifolium, exhibited an intermediate response. Our study with the flavonoid pathway genes indicated variability in activation of the genes during post-infection time points with ANS and ANR in V. myrtilloides, FLS in V. angustifolium and no response observed in V. a. f. nigrum. Conclusions Altogether, this study highlights that the degree of phenotype susceptibility is associated with the timely activation of host defense responsive genes. Data obtained in this study provided a starting point for a better understanding of the wild blueberry- M. vaccinii-corymbosi pathosystem.

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Molecular Insights into Defense Responses of Vietnamese Maize Varieties to Fusarium verticillioides Isolates

Journal of Fungi ◽

10.3390/jof7090724 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (9) ◽

pp. 724

Author(s):

Trang Minh Tran ◽

Maarten Ameye ◽

Sofie Landschoot ◽

Frank Devlieghere ◽

Sarah De Saeger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Expression Profiles ◽

Fusarium Verticillioides ◽

Gene Expression Profiles ◽

Defense Responses ◽

Ear Rot ◽

In Planta ◽

Resistant Lines ◽

Maize Varieties ◽

Pathogenesis Related ◽

Related Proteins

Fusarium ear rot (FER) caused by Fusarium verticillioides is one of the main fungal diseases in maize worldwide. To develop a pathogen-tailored FER resistant maize line for local implementation, insights into the virulence variability of a residing F. verticillioides population are crucial for developing customized maize varieties, but remain unexplored. Moreover, little information is currently available on the involvement of the archetypal defense pathways in the F. verticillioides–maize interaction using local isolates and germplasm, respectively. Therefore, this study aims to fill these knowledge gaps. We used a collection of 12 F. verticillioides isolates randomly gathered from diseased maize fields in the Vietnamese central highlands. To assess the plant’s defense responses against the pathogens, two of the most important maize hybrid genotypes grown in this agro-ecological zone, lines CP888 and Bt/GT NK7328, were used. Based on two assays, a germination and an in-planta assay, we found that line CP888 was more susceptible to the F. verticillioides isolates when compared to line Bt/GT NK7328. Using the most aggressive isolate, we monitored disease severity and gene expression profiles related to biosynthesis pathways of salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), abscisic acid (ABA), benzoxazinoids (BXs), and pathogenesis-related proteins (PRs). As a result, a stronger induction of SA, JA, ABA, BXs, and PRs synthesizing genes might be linked to the higher resistance of line Bt/GT NK7328 compared to the susceptible line CP888. All these findings could supply valuable knowledge in the selection of suitable FER resistant lines against the local F. verticllioides population and in the development of new FER resistant germplasms.

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Global Gene Expression Profiles Suggest an Important Role for Nutrient Acquisition in Early Pathogenesis in a Plant Model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.00860-08 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 74 (18) ◽

pp. 5784-5791 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Tiffany L. Weir ◽

Valerie J. Stull ◽

Dayakar Badri ◽

Lily A. Trunck ◽

Herbert P. Schweizer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Salicylic Acid ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Gene Expression Profiles ◽

Global Gene Expression ◽

Defense Responses ◽

N Gene ◽

Virulence Determinants ◽

In Planta

ABSTRACT Although Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that does not often naturally infect alternate hosts, such as plants, the plant-P. aeruginosa model has become a widely recognized system for identifying new virulence determinants and studying the pathogenesis of the organism. Here, we examine how both host factors and P. aeruginosa PAO1 gene expression are affected in planta after infiltration into incompatible and compatible cultivars of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). N. tabacum has a resistance gene (N) against tobacco mosaic virus, and although resistance to PAO1 infection is correlated with the presence of a dominant N gene, our data suggest that it is not a factor in resistance against PAO1. We did observe that the resistant tobacco cultivar had higher basal levels of salicylic acid and a stronger salicylic acid response upon infiltration of PAO1. Salicylic acid acts as a signal to activate defense responses in plants, limiting the spread of the pathogen and preventing access to nutrients. It has also been shown to have direct virulence-modulating effects on P. aeruginosa. We also examined host effects on the pathogen by analyzing global gene expression profiles of bacteria removed from the intracellular fluid of the two plant hosts. We discovered that the availability of micronutrients, particularly sulfate and phosphates, is important for in planta pathogenesis and that the amounts of these nutrients made available to the bacteria may in turn have an effect on virulence gene expression. Indeed, there are several reports suggesting that P. aeruginosa virulence is influenced in mammalian hosts by the availability of micronutrients, such as iron and nitrogen, and by levels of O2.

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In silico gene expression profiling in Cannabis sativa

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.10631.1 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. 69 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Luca Massimino

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Expression Profiling ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Cannabis Sativa ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Gene Expression Profiles ◽

Functional Genomic ◽

Functional Genomic Data ◽

Starting Point ◽

Scientific Papers

The cannabis plant and its active ingredients (i.e., cannabinoids and terpenoids) have been socially stigmatized for half a century. Luckily, with more than 430,000 published scientific papers and about 600 ongoing and completed clinical trials, nowadays cannabis is employed for the treatment of many different medical conditions. Nevertheless, even if a large amount of high-throughput functional genomic data exists, most researchers feature a strong background in molecular biology but lack advanced bioinformatics skills. In this work, publicly available gene expression datasets have been analyzed giving rise to a total of 40,224 gene expression profiles taken from cannabis plant tissue at different developmental stages. The resource presented here will provide researchers with a starting point for future investigations with Cannabis sativa.

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Metabolomic, Biochemical, and Gene Expression Analyses Reveal the Underlying Responses of Resistant and Susceptible Banana Species during Early Infection with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-09-16-1245-re ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 101 (4) ◽

pp. 534-543 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Wenbin Li ◽

Chunqiang Li ◽

Jianbo Sun ◽

Ming Peng

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Early Stage ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Gene Expression Profiles ◽

Early Infection ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Pr Genes ◽

Banana Production ◽

Infection Period

Banana (Musa spp.) is an important staple and economic fruit crop, especially in Africa, Southeast Asia, and Latin America. The wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, especially F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense strain TR4, is disastrous for banana production. Banana plants infected by F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense TR4 gradually die from leaf blight or vascular rot. There is no efficient method to control this disease, and the underlying response of banana plants to F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense remains unknown. In this study, the responses of an economically important banana cultivar, the F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense-susceptible ‘BX’, and a wild banana relative, the F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense-resistant Musa yunnanensis (‘YN’), to F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense infection were investigated using metabolomic, biochemical, and molecular biological methods. Numerous metabolomic compounds, including defense-responsive signaling molecules, phytohormones, phenolics, and antioxidants, were identified through metabolomic analysis. Changes in salicylic acid (SA), methyl-jasmonic acid, abscisic acid (ABA), cytokinin, 3-indoleacetic acid, gibberellic acid, and total phenolic levels were detected using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The expression levels of genes involved in the biosynthesis of some defense-responsive compounds were studied through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The results revealed that the resistant YN had a larger change in SA content and a lower ABA level throughout the early infection period, compared with the levels in BX. The susceptible BX had a lower phenolic content. The resistant YN also expressed pathogenesis-related (PR) genes, especially PR1, PR4, PR5-1, and PDF2.2, at higher levels than the susceptible BX. These dynamic metabolic and gene-expression profiles from susceptible and resistant banana during the early stage of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense infection increase our understanding of the complex interaction response between this crop and its pathogen.

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Pseudomonas fluorescens MZ05 Enhances Resistance against Setosphaeria turcica by Mediating Benzoxazinoid Metabolism in the Maize Inbred Line Anke35

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture10020032 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 32 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Cheng Zhou ◽

Zhongyou Ma ◽

Xiaoming Lu ◽

Lin Zhu ◽

Congsheng Yan

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Gene Expression Profiles ◽

Defense Responses ◽

Setosphaeria Turcica ◽

Disease Occurrence ◽

Induced Disease Resistance ◽

Foliar Pathogen ◽

Maize Plants ◽

Leaf Pathogen

Beneficial rhizobacteria can inhibit foliar pathogen infection by activation of defense responses, yet it the mechanisms of rhizobacteria-induced disease resistance remain largely unknown. Here, inoculation of susceptible maize plants with Pseudomonas fluorescens MZ05 significantly reduced disease occurrence caused by the leaf pathogen Setosphaeria turcica. Gene expression profiles of MZ05-inoculated plants were investigated by RNA-sequencing analyses, showing that several differentially expressed genes were positively associated with the metabolic processes of benzoxazinoids. Accordantly, the inoculation with P. fluorescens MZ05 resulted in a significant increase in the levels of 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (DIMBOA) in the maize leaves. Furthermore, pre-inoculation with P. fluorescens MZ05 enhanced the transcription of two defense-related marked genes PAL and PR2a, as well as BX2 and GLU2, which are involved in DIMBOA biosynthesis, in pathogen-infected leaves. Defense responses in the inoculated plants were also greatly stronger and quicker than that in non-inoculated plants after pathogen attacks. However, virus-mediated silencing of BX2 or GLU2 remarkably attenuated the MZ05-induced effects, as evidenced by more disease occurrence and lower transcription of PAL and PR2a. Collectively, these findings indicated that the MZ05-induced increases of DIMBOA levels participated in the mediation of priming, which was the key mechanism in the rhizobacteria-induced host resistance.

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MaRING2: A Positive Regulator of an Abscisic Acid-dependent Response to Cold Stress from Banana Fruit

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.140.4.373 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 140 (4) ◽

pp. 373-382

Author(s):

Jiao Chen ◽

De-bao Yuan ◽

Chao-zheng Wang ◽

Yi-xing Li ◽

Fen-fang Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Abscisic Acid ◽

Cold Stress ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Functional Characterization ◽

Gene Expression Profiles ◽

Defense Responses ◽

Cauliflower Mosaic Virus ◽

35S Promoter ◽

Banana Fruit ◽

Positive Regulator

Many reports indicate that an abundance of really interesting new gene (RING) play key roles in regulating defense responses against abiotic and biotic stresses in plants. In this study, the cloning and functional characterization of a RING gene, MaRING2, in banana (Musa acuminata) fruit are reported. MaRING2 belongs to the NEP1-interacting protein (NIP) RING-H2 finger protein family. Gene expression profiles revealed that MaRING2 was cold responsive and induced by abscisic acid (ABA) treatment during cold storage. In this study, the MaRING2 under control of the Cauliflower mosaic virus 35S (CaMV 35S) promoter was transformed to tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) using agrobacterium (Agrobacterium tumefaciens)-mediated transformation. The resultant MaRING2-overexpressing transgenic plants (35S:MaRING2) exhibited significantly increased tolerance to low temperatures and were hypersensitive to exogenous ABA in terms of germination and early seedling growth. In addition, overexpression of MaRING2 enhanced the expression of stress-responsive genes under normal (before cold stress) or cold conditions. These results demonstrate the biological role of MaRING2 in conferring cold tolerance. Taken together, these results suggest that MaRING2, a C3H2C3-type RING protein, is a positive regulator of the ABA-dependent stress response.

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Increase in ribosomal proteins activity: Translational reprogramming in Vanilla planifolia Jacks., against Fusarium infection

10.1101/660860 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marco Tulio Solano de la Cruz ◽

Jacel Adame-García ◽

Josefat Gregorio-Jorge ◽

Verónica Jiménez-Jacinto ◽

Leticia Vega-Alvarado ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ribosomal Proteins ◽

Translational Regulation ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Gene Expression Profiles ◽

Global Gene Expression ◽

Early Response ◽

Defense Responses ◽

Transcriptional Level ◽

Vanilla Planifolia ◽

Transcriptional Reprogramming

ABSTRACTBackgroundUpon exposure to unfavorable environmental conditions, plants need to respond quickly to maintain their homeostasis. For instance, physiological, biochemical and transcriptomical changes must occur during interactions with pathogens, this causing the triggering of pathogen- and plant-derived molecules. In the case of Vanilla planifolia Jacks., a worldwide economically important crop, it is susceptible to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vanillae. This pathogen causes root and stem rot in vanilla plants that finally leads to plant death. To further investigate how vanilla plants respond at the transcriptional level upon infection with F.oxysporum f. sp. vanillae, we employed the RNA-Seq approach to analyze the dynamics of whole-transcriptome changes during two-time frames of the infection.ResultsAnalysis of global gene expression profiles indicated that a major transcriptional change occurs at 2 dpi, in comparison to 10 dpi, whereas 3420 genes were found with a differential expression at 2 dpi, only 839 were identified at 10 dpi. The analysis of the transcriptional profile at 2 dpi suggests that vanilla plants prepare to counter the infection by gathering a pool of translational regulation-related transcripts.ConclusionsWe propose that the plant-pathogen interaction at early stages causes a transcriptional reprogramming coupled with a translational regulation. Altogether, this study provides the identification of molecular players that could help to fight the most damaging disease of vanilla, where ribosomal proteins and regulation of the translational mechanism are critical. These are insights into the defense responses of V. planifolia Jacks., providing the basis for the understanding of the plant early response towards biotic stress.

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Comparative anatomical and transcriptomic analyses of the color variation of leaves in Aquilaria sinensis

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.11586 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. e11586

Author(s):

Jiaqi Gao ◽

Tong Chen ◽

Chao Jiang ◽

Tielin Wang ◽

Ou Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Expression Profiles ◽

Dna Barcode ◽

Gene Expression Profiles ◽

Color Variation ◽

Aquilaria Sinensis ◽

Pr Genes ◽

Leaf Sample ◽

Chlorophyll Metabolism ◽

Sequencing Studies ◽

The Difference

Color variation in plant tissues is a common phenomenon accompanied with a series of biological changes. In this study, a special-phenotype Aquilaria sinensis (GS) with color variation of leaf was firstly reported, and DNA barcode sequences showed GS samples could not be discriminated clearly with the normal A. sinensis sample (NS), which suggested that the variety was not the cause of the GS formation. To reveal the characteristics of GS compared to NS, the anatomical and transcriptome sequencing studies were carried out. In microscopic observation, the leaves of golden-vein-leaf sample (LGS) and normal-vein-leaf sample (LNS) showed significant differences including the area of the included phloem in midrib and the thickness parameters of palisade and spongy tissues; the stems of golden-vein-leaf sample (SGS) and normal-vein-leaf sample (SNS) were also different in many aspects such as the area of vessels and included phloem. In addition, the structure of chloroplast was more complete in the midrib of LNS than that of LGS, and some particles suspected as virus were found through transmission electron microscope as well. Genes upregulated in LGS in contrast with LNS were mainly enriched in photosynthesis. As for stems, most of the genes upregulated in SGS compared to SNS were involved in translation and metabolism processes. The pathways about photosynthesis and chlorophyll metabolism as well as some important transcription factors may explain the molecular mechanism of the unique phenotypes of leaves and the genes related to suberin biosynthesis may result in the difference of stems. In addition, the genes about defense response especially biotic stress associated with numerous pathogenesis-related (PR) genes upregulated in LGS compared to LNS indicated that the pathogen may be the internal factor. Taken together, our results reveal the macro- and micro-phenotype variations as well as gene expression profiles between GS and NS, which could provide valuable clues for elucidating the mechanism of the color variation of Aquilaria.

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