scholarly journals The association between clinical laboratory data and chest CT findings explains disease severity in a large Italian cohort of COVID-19 patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Canovi ◽  
◽  
Giulia Besutti ◽  
Efrem Bonelli ◽  
Valentina Iotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Emergency Rooms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ct Findings ◽  
Patient Prognosis

Abstract Background Laboratory data and computed tomography (CT) have been used during the COVID-19 pandemic, mainly to determine patient prognosis and guide clinical management. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between CT findings and laboratory data in a cohort of COVID-19 patients. Methods This was an observational cross-sectional study including consecutive patients presenting to the Reggio Emilia (Italy) province emergency rooms for suspected COVID-19 for one month during the outbreak peak, who underwent chest CT scan and laboratory testing at presentation and resulted positive for SARS-CoV-2. Results Included were 866 patients. Total leukocytes, neutrophils, C-reactive protein (CRP), creatinine, AST, ALT and LDH increase with worsening parenchymal involvement; an increase in platelets was appreciable with the highest burden of lung involvement. A decrease in lymphocyte counts paralleled worsening parenchymal extension, along with reduced arterial oxygen partial pressure and saturation. After correcting for parenchymal extension, ground-glass opacities were associated with reduced platelets and increased procalcitonin, consolidation with increased CRP and reduced oxygen saturation. Conclusions Pulmonary lesions induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection were associated with raised inflammatory response, impaired gas exchange and end-organ damage. These data suggest that lung lesions probably exert a central role in COVID-19 pathogenesis and clinical presentation.

scholarly journals Lung involvement in macrophage activation syndrome and severe COVID-19: results from a cross-sectional study to assess clinical, laboratory and artificial intelligence–radiological differences

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (9) ◽  
pp. 1152-1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piero Ruscitti ◽  
Federico Bruno ◽  
Onorina Berardicurti ◽  
Chiara Acanfora ◽  
Viktoriya Pavlych ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Macrophage Activation Syndrome ◽  
Macrophage Activation ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Lung Involvement ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Single Centre Study ◽  
Activation Syndrome

ObjectivesTo evaluate the clinical pictures, laboratory tests and imaging of patients with lung involvement, either from severe COVID-19 or macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), in order to assess how similar these two diseases are.MethodsThe present work has been designed as a cross-sectional single-centre study to compare characteristics of patients with lung involvement either from MAS or severe COVID-19. Chest CT scans were assessed by using an artificial intelligence (AI)-based software.ResultsTen patients with MAS and 47 patients with severe COVID-19 with lung involvement were assessed. Although all patients showed fever and dyspnoea, patients with MAS were characterised by thrombocytopaenia, whereas patients with severe COVID-19 were characterised by lymphopaenia and neutrophilia. Higher values of H-score characterised patients with MAS when compared with severe COVID-19. AI-reconstructed images of chest CT scan showed that apical, basal, peripheral and bilateral distributions of ground-glass opacities (GGOs), as well as apical consolidations, were more represented in severe COVID-19 than in MAS. C reactive protein directly correlated with GGOs extension in both diseases. Furthermore, lymphopaenia inversely correlated with GGOs extension in severe COVID-19.ConclusionsOur data could suggest laboratory and radiological differences between MAS and severe COVID-19, paving the way for further hypotheses to be investigated in future confirmatory studies.

scholarly journals Compromised Lung Volume and Hemostatic Abnormalities in COVID-19 Pneumonia: Results from an Observational Study on 510 Consecutive Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 2894
Author(s):  
Ezio Lanza ◽  
Maria Elisa Mancuso ◽  
Gaia Messana ◽  
Paola Ferrazzi ◽  
Costanza Lisi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Volume ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Quantitative Ct ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Unenhanced Ct ◽  
D Dimer

Background: Hemostatic abnormalities have been described in COVID-19, and pulmonary microthrombosis was consistently found at autopsy with concomitant severe lung damage. Methods: This is a retrospective observational cross-sectional study including consecutive patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who underwent unenhanced chest CT upon admittance at the emergency room (ER) in one large academic hospital. QCT was used for the calculation of compromised lung volume (%CL). Clinical data were retrieved from patients’ files. Laboratory data were obtained upon presentation at the ER. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between hemostatic abnormalities and lung involvement in patients affected by COVID-19 pneumonia as described using computer-aided quantitative evaluation of chest CT (quantitative CT (QCT)). Results: A total of 510 consecutive patients (68% males), aged 67 years in median, diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia, who underwent unenhanced CT scan upon admission to the ER, were included. In all, 115 patients had %CL > 23%; compared to those with %CL < 23%, they showed higher levels of D-dimer, fibrinogen, and CRP, greater platelet count, and longer PT ratio. Via multivariate regression analysis, BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, D-dimer levels > 500 ng/mL, CRP > 5.0 ng/mL and PT ratio > 1.2 were found to be independent predictors of a %CL > 23% (adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals): 2.1 (1.1–4.0), 3.1 (1.6–5.8), 2.4 (1.3–4.5), and 3.4 (1.4–8.5), respectively). Conclusions: Hemostatic abnormalities in patients affected by COVID-19 correlate with the severity of lung injury as measured by %CL. Our results underline the pathogenetic role of hemostasis in COVID-19 pneumonia beyond the presence of clinically evident thromboembolic complications.

scholarly journals PATTERNS OF CHEST COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY FINDINGS IN COVID-19 PATIENTS IN PORT HARCOURT RIVERS STATE, NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (08) ◽  
pp. 82-88
Author(s):  
Awajimijan Nathaniel Mbaba ◽  
◽  
Michael Promise Ogolodom ◽  
Rufus Abam ◽  
Olukunmi Yetunde Ijeruh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Ct Scanner ◽  
Medical Systems ◽  
Resource Constrained ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ct Findings ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Diagnostic Center

Background: The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is usually under diagnosed in resource-constrained countries as Africa. Although Real-time-reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing is considered to be the gold standard tool to diagnose or screen for COVID-19, chest imaging is a valuable tool to support the diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia. Therefore, Radiologists usually play an important role in the diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia, especially in resource-constrained environments. This study aimed to evaluate the patterns of chest CT findings in covid-19 pneumonia and to emphasize its diagnostic value in coronavirus disease. Materials and Method: This study was a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted in a reputable diagnostic center in Port Harcourt and comprised of 13 chest CT images diagnosed of Covid-19 pneumonia that met the inclusion criteria set for this study. All the chest CT examinations were performed by registered radiographers on a 64-slice CT scanner (GE Optima CT660, GE medical systems). Results: Chest CT findings in patients with confirmed covid-19 infection was evaluated and the results revealed that 13 (100%) had GGO. Out of 13 patients with GGO, bilateral distribution of the opacities was found in 11(84.62%), followed by peripheral opacities 9(69%) and the least 2 (15.38%) was unilateral distribution. Conclusion: The commonest chest CT appearance of covid-19 pneumonia is bilateral GGO with a predilection for the lower lobes of the lungs. Radiologists and clinicians should take cognizance of imaging appearances and diagnostic capabilities of Chest CT in covid-19 pneumonia, especially in the context of the current pandemic.

scholarly journals Chronic Toxoplasmosis Infection in Members of Cat Breeding Organization in Surabaya

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Wina Marthalia
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Serological Test ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Observation Process ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive

Intoduction: The cat breeder every day began by feeding, bathing, cutting the nails and cleaning the cage. This activity presented a health risk for breeders to be infected with the parasite Toxoplasma gondii. This study aims to analyze the incidence of chronic toxoplasmosis infection in cat breeders in Surabaya. Method: This type of research was observational with a cross-sectional study design. A total of 19 respondents involved in this study came from members of the cat breeder organization. Sampling using a simple random sampling method. Respondent information data in the form of cat hygiene, cage sanitation, and personal hygiene were collected through an interview and observation process. Meanwhile, to find out toxoplasmosis infection, a blood sample serology test was performed at the Clinical Laboratory. Data were analyzed with qualitative descriptive methods to see a picture of each variable with a toxoplasmosis infection. Result and Discussion: Serological test results showed that the prevalence of toxoplasmosis infection was 58%. Chronic toxoplasmosis infection of 62% occurred in owners with poor hygiene of drums and 91% occurred in owners with poor personal hygiene. Conclusion: As a preventive measure against the risk of infection, breeders of cats need to always maintain the sanitation of the cage, such as frequent cleaning of the cage, cat feces and cleaning the floor around the cage so that infective oocysts do not multiply around the cage area. Also, must use personal protective equipment and wash your hands after contact with cats.

scholarly journals A spectrum of HRCT chest findings in RT-PCR positive asymptomatic COVID-19 patients at a COVID designated hospital in Nepal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bina Basnet ◽  
Sujata Pant ◽  
Sujit Pant ◽  
Kalpana Rai ◽  
Niraj Basanta Tulachan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Public Health Care ◽  
Ground Glass ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ct Findings ◽  
Mixed Ground

Introduction: COVID-19 pandemic is grappling the world with the surge of infection time and again. Clinicians are trying to justify the ethics of public health care. Asymptomatic COVID-19 cases are going undocumented and most of them practice self-isolation. Studies have revealed significant radiological changes among RT-PCR positive asymptomatic COVID-19 cases. Objective: The aim of this cross-sectional study is to characterized chest CT findings of asymptomatic RT-PCR-positive patients in one of the COVID designated hospitals in Nepal. Results: Out of 43, 26 (60.5%) participants had positive Chest CT scan findings consistent with COVID pneumonia. 65% had bilateral and 77% had multifocal lesions. The ground-glass opacities (92%), mixed (ground-glass opacities and consolidation) pattern (30.7%), and consolidation only (34.6%) were common chest CT findings. The median CT score was 3.5 (Interquartile range; 2-6). Conclusion: The majority of the RT-PCR positive asymptomatic patient present with CT scan changes of lungs which are important to determine clinical status, prognosis, and long-term sequel in those cohorts.

scholarly journals Clinicopathologic study of Kikuchi’s disease in children in a tertiary hospital in South India

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 664
Author(s):  
Anu Punnen ◽  
Kanagalakshmi . ◽  
Marie Therese Manipadam ◽  
Valsan Philip Verghese ◽  
Leni Grace Mathew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Cervical Lymphadenopathy ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Elevated Liver Enzymes

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and laboratory characteristics, treatment modalities and outcome of children with Kikuchi’s disease.Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among all children, histopathologically diagnosed with KFD.  Clinical, laboratory data and treatment outcomes were analysed.Results: During the study period, 53 children histopathologically confirmed as KFD were enrolled in the study. There were 36 males and 17 females. The lymph node involvements were mostly cervical with bilateral predisposition (63.5%), firm (88%), matted (30.8%) and tenderness (38.5%). Fever, headache, vomiting, chills, myalgia and rash were other common presentations other than cervical lymphadenopathy. The associated laboratory findings include anemia (71.2%), leukopenia especially lymphopenia (31.4%), monocytosis (21.6%), thrombocytopenia (16.3%), elevated CRP (53.1%), ESR (83.7%), LDH (100%) and elevated liver enzymes. Most of the children were managed conservatively (49.1%). Corticosteroids were administered for (22.6 %) of patients. Recurrence occurred in 4 children (7.5 %) and 13 children (24.5%) had other associated diseases.Conclusions: KFD should be suspected in well children with febrile cervical lymphadenopathy, especially with leukopenia, monocytosis, and elevated CRP, ESR, LDH, Liver enzymes. KFD in children can have rarely atypical presentations and coexist with other diseases.

scholarly journals Low bone mineral density manifests in cirrhotic patients 15 to 20 years before the usual screening age

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliana Sampaio Costa Mendes ◽  
Barbara Castro Neves ◽  
Ana Loisa Silva de Menezes ◽  
Marcos Vasconcelos Carneiro ◽  
Jose Eduardo Trevizoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Cirrhotic Patients

Introduction. Variable prevalence rates have been reported for Low bone mineral density (LBMD). Objectives. To determine the prevalence of LBMD in cirrhotic patients from a hospital outpatient clinic, to identify clinical and laboratory predictors of LBMD, and to determine the mean age at which LBMD was detected in this population. Methods. We conduced a cross-sectional study with 97 patients with liver cirrhosis for the presence of LBMD using bone densitometry of the lumbar spine and femoral neck. The prevalence of LBMD and mean age at detection of LBMD were evaluated. Correlation of LBMD with clinical-laboratory data was assessed, and uni and multivariate statistical analysis was performed. Results. The prevalence of LBMD was 50.5% in the 97 of the cases. LBMD was more frequent in participants over 50 years old (p = 0.001). There were no significant associations between the presence of LBMD and body mass index (p = 0.9), CHILD-PUGH score (p = 0.23), levels of 25-OH vitamin D (p = 0.5), parathyroid hormone (p = 0.5), calcium (p = 0.1), phosphorus (p = 0.3), and current or past smoking (p = 0.7). Age over 50 years remained a predictor of hepatic osteodystrophy even after adjusting for the other variables. Discussion. In conclusion LBMD was prevalent in the cirrhotic population studied. The age at LBMD diagnosis was between 15 and 20 years less than the osteoporosis screening age of the non-cirrhotic population. There were no clinical-laboratory factors that increased the suspicion of LBMD. Further studies are needed to determine whether these findings can be extrapolated to the cirrhotic population.

End Organ Damage in Hypertensive Geriatric Age Group: A Cross Sectional Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Prakashkumar Kyada ◽  
Kunal Jadhav ◽  
T. K. Biswas ◽  
Varshil Mehta ◽  
Sojib Bin Zaman
Keyword(s):  
Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Isolated Systolic Hypertension ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
End Organ Damage ◽  
Common Risk Factors

Objective: Hypertension is one of the common risk factors for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases/disorders A developing country like India faces the double burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases; of the which, hypertension is the most important treatable cause of mortality and morbidity with loss of functional capacity and decline in the quality of life. Aim: To study the prevalence of end organ damage in the hypertensive geriatric age group. Method: The present study was a cross sectional study, conducted in 150 elderly patients admitted in MGM Hospital, Navi Mumbai, India with the diagnosis of stage I or II hypertension from 2011 to 2013. Results: Data analysis of the present study showed that 68% of elderly population aged between 60 to 69 years were suffering from hypertension. Compared to males, females had a higher rate of target organ damage. This study found that out of all patients with total end organ damage, 54.6 % had CVS complications, 15.7 % had hypertensive retinopathy, 25.9 % and 18.51 had raised creatinine and proteinuria respectively. 19.4 % had cerebrovascular accident (CVA) complications. Among Cardiovascular related complications Coronary artery disease (CAD) was found in 21 patients, out of them 7 had Congestive cardiac Failure (CCF). Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH) was the most common complication and seen in 38 patients. 13.8 % patients had Regional Wall Motion Abnormality (RWMA) Conclusion: The present study concluded that Isolated Systolic Hypertension (ISH) is the commonest type of hypertension in geriatric age group. This study concluded that the most common risk factors of HTN in the elderly are sedentary life style, dyslipidemia and extra salt intake while the most common end organ damage was observed to be Left Ventricular Hypertrophy followed by renal dysfunction. Keywords:  Hypertension,  Isolated Systolic Hypertension, Dyslipidemia.

scholarly journals Association of breastfeeding and risk of metabolic syndrome and its components in postmenopausal parous women: Korea national health and nutrition examination survey (2010 ~ 2016)

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jusuk Lee ◽  
Taehong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Korean Women ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Background Understanding the relationship between breastfeeding (BF) and metabolic syndrome (Mets) is important for maternal long-term health benefits and disease prevention. This study aimed to examine the association between BF and Mets and its components among postmenopausal parous Korean women. Methods This cross-sectional study on 10,356 Korean women used nationally representative data from the KNHANES from 2010 to 2016. Anthropometric, laboratory data and manual BP were measured. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the association of BF with Mets and its components after adjusting for potential confounding variables. A p-value < 0.05 was to be considered statistically significant. Results Mets was present in 42% of the study participants. The BF group had low household income and education level. The prevalence of Mets in the BF group was higher than that in the non-BF group (42.69% vs. 34.76%, p <  0.001). BF was associated with increased risk of Mets (odds ratio [OR]: 1.4, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18–1.65, p <  0.001). The BF group was at higher risks for diabetes (OR: 1.5, 95%CI: 1.14–1.98), hypertension (OR: 1.32, 95%CI: 1.03–1.68), hypertriglyceridemia (OR: 1.42, 95%CI: 1.02–1.99) and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR: 1.32, 95%CI: 1.06–1.65). Conclusion In this study, BF did not affect decreasing the prevalence of Mets and its components.

scholarly journals Correlation between lung infection severity and clinical laboratory indicators in patients with COVID-19: a cross-sectional study based on machine learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingrui Wang ◽  
Qinglin Che ◽  
Xiaoxiao Ji ◽  
Xinyi Meng ◽  
Lang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocyte ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Blood Lymphocyte ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Lung Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Laboratory Examination ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a global pandemic that has raised worldwide concern. This study aims to investigate the correlation between the extent of lung infection and relevant clinical laboratory testing indicators in COVID-19 and to analyse its underlying mechanism. Methods Chest high-resolution computer tomography (CT) images and laboratory examination data of 31 patients with COVID-19 were extracted, and the lesion areas in CT images were quantitatively segmented and calculated using a deep learning (DL) system. A cross-sectional study method was carried out to explore the differences among the proportions of lung lobe infection and to correlate the percentage of infection (POI) of the whole lung in all patients with clinical laboratory examination values. Results No significant difference in the proportion of infection was noted among various lung lobes (P > 0.05). The POI of total lung was negatively correlated with the peripheral blood lymphocyte percentage (L%) (r = − 0.633, P < 0.001) and lymphocyte (LY) count (r = − 0.555, P = 0.001) but positively correlated with the neutrophil percentage (N%) (r = 0.565, P = 0.001). Otherwise, the POI was not significantly correlated with the peripheral blood white blood cell (WBC) count, monocyte percentage (M%) or haemoglobin (HGB) content. In some patients, as the infection progressed, the L% and LY count decreased progressively accompanied by a continuous increase in the N%. Conclusions Lung lesions in COVID-19 patients are significantly correlated with the peripheral blood lymphocyte and neutrophil levels, both of which could serve as prognostic indicators that provide warning implications, and contribute to clinical interventions in patients.

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