scholarly journals Nationwide multicenter questionnaire surveys on countermeasures against antimicrobial resistance and infections in hospitals

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung-ho Shin ◽  
Seiko Mizuno ◽  
Takuya Okuno ◽  
Hisashi Itoshima ◽  
Noriko Sasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Transition Analysis ◽  
Membership Probability ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background The goals of the National Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) of Japan include “implementing appropriate infection prevention and control” and “appropriate use of antimicrobials,” which are relevant to healthcare facilities. Specifically, linking efforts between existing infection control teams and antimicrobial stewardship programs was suggested to be important. Previous studies reported that human resources, such as full-time equivalents of infection control practitioners, were related to improvements in antimicrobial stewardship. Methods We posted questionnaires to all teaching hospitals (n = 1017) regarding hospital countermeasures against AMR and infections. To evaluate changes over time, surveys were conducted twice (1st survey: Nov 2016, 2nd survey: Feb 2018). A latent transition analysis (LTA) was performed to identify latent statuses, which refer to underlying subgroups of hospitals, and effects of the number of members in infection control teams per bed on being in the better statuses. Results The number of valid responses was 678 (response rate, 66.7%) for the 1st survey and 559 (55.0%) for the 2nd survey. More than 99% of participating hospitals had infection control teams, with differences in activity among hospitals. Roughly 70% had their own intervention criteria for antibiotics therapies, whereas only about 60 and 50% had criteria established for the use of anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus antibiotics and broad-spectrum antibiotics, respectively. Only 50 and 40% of hospitals conducted surveillance of catheter-associated urinary tract infections and ventilator-associated pneumonia, respectively. Less than 50% of hospitals used maximal barrier precautions for central line catheter insertion. The LTA identified five latent statuses. The membership probability of the most favorable status in the 2nd study period was slightly increased from the 1st study period (23.6 to 25.3%). However, the increase in the least favorable status was higher (26.3 to 31.8%). Results of the LTA did not support a relationship between increasing the number of infection control practitioners per bed, which is reportedly related to improvements in antimicrobial stewardship, and being in more favorable latent statuses. Conclusions Our results suggest the need for more comprehensive antimicrobial stewardship programs and increased surveillance activities for healthcare-associated infections to improve antimicrobial stewardship and infection control in hospitals.

scholarly journals Improving educator’s knowledge and confidence to teach infection prevention and antimicrobial resistance

2020 ◽  
pp. 001789692094959
Author(s):  
Catherine Hayes ◽  
Charlotte Eley ◽  
Carla Brown ◽  
Rowshonara Syeda ◽  
Neville Q Verlander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Service Evaluation ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Train The Trainer ◽  
The Uk

Objective: e-Bug is a teaching resource that addresses the UK 5-year National Action Plan on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) that pledges to work with educators and local authorities to ensure young people understand infection prevention and control (IPC) and AMR. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and acceptability of the e-Bug face-to-face train-the-trainer intervention with school and community educators. Design: Service evaluation of an educational intervention via surveys. Setting: Workshops were organised by Public Health England (PHE) and collaborators in seven regions of the UK during 2018–2019. Method: Pre- and post-intervention surveys measured satisfaction with training, knowledge of IPC and AMR, and confidence to teach others. Statistical analyses included multilevel and ordinal logistic regression models to measure change in educator knowledge and confidence. Results: In all, 262 educators participated: primary (46%), secondary (17%), college (2%), healthcare (29%) and community (7%). Educators had high pre-intervention knowledge of topics, with significant improvement ( p < .05) in confidence to teach all topics and some significant IPC knowledge improvement, post-intervention. There was strong evidence for a difference in confidence change between educator types, with primary educators improving the most. Ninety-five percent of educators rated the train-the-trainer workshop positively, valued the interactive workshops and felt confident to use the resources. Conclusion: Confident and knowledgeable educators, achieved via e-Bug train-the-trainer workshops, will enhance education of IPC and AMR topics in schools and communities, and therefore support the UK 5-year AMR action plan. The intervention will be monitored with long-term follow-up surveys to explore how training has been disseminated and to evaluate long-term benefits.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Veterinarians Towards Antimicrobial Resistance and Stewardship in Nigeria

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 453
Author(s):  
Usman O. Adekanye ◽  
Abel B. Ekiri ◽  
Erika Galipó ◽  
Abubakar Bala Muhammad ◽  
Ana Mateus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotic ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Laboratory Services ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health concern and the inappropriate use of antibiotics in animals and humans is considered a contributing factor. A cross-sectional survey to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of veterinarians regarding AMR and antimicrobial stewardship was conducted in Nigeria. A total of 241 respondents completed an online survey. Only 21% of respondents correctly defined the term antimicrobial stewardship and 59.8% were unaware of the guidelines provided by the Nigeria AMR National Action Plan. Over half (51%) of the respondents indicated that prophylactic antibiotic use was appropriate when farm biosecurity was poor. Only 20% of the respondents conducted antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) frequently, and the unavailability of veterinary laboratory services (82%) and the owner’s inability to pay (72%) were reported as key barriers to conducting AST. The study findings suggest strategies focusing on the following areas may be useful in improving appropriate antibiotic use and antimicrobial stewardship among veterinarians in Nigeria: increased awareness of responsible antimicrobial use among practicing and newly graduated veterinarians, increased dissemination of regularly updated antibiotic use guidelines, increased understanding of the role of good biosecurity and vaccination practices in disease prevention, and increased provision of laboratory services and AST at affordable costs.

Antimicrobial Stewardship in the Emergency Department

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 556-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan M. Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Upper Respiratory Infection ◽  
Diagnostic Uncertainty ◽  
National Public Health ◽  
Inpatient Settings ◽  
Tract Infections

Antimicrobial resistance is a national public health concern. Misuse of antimicrobials for conditions such as upper respiratory infection, urinary tract infections, and cellulitis has led to increased resistance to antimicrobials commonly utilized to treat those infections, such as sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and flouroquinolones. The emergency department (ED) is a site where these infections are commonly encountered both in ambulatory patients and in patients requiring admission to a hospital. The ED is uniquely positioned to affect the antimicrobial use and resistance patterns in both ambulatory settings and inpatient settings. However, implementing antimicrobial stewardship programs in the ED is fraught with challenges including diagnostic uncertainty, distractions secondary to patient or clinician turnover, and concerns with patient satisfaction to name just a few. However, this review article highlights successful interventions that have stemmed inappropriate antimicrobial use in the ED setting and warrant further study. This article also proposes other, yet to be validated proposals. Finally, this article serves as a call to action for pharmacists working in antimicrobial stewardship programs and in emergency medicine settings. There needs to be further research on the implementation of these and other interventions to reduce inappropriate antimicrobial use to prevent patient harm and curb the development of antimicrobial resistance.

scholarly journals Building the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance network in veterinary medicine (EARS-Vet)

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodolphe Mader ◽  
Peter Damborg ◽  
Jean-Philippe Amat ◽  
Björn Bengtsson ◽  
Clémence Bourély ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
One Health ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
European Economic Area ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) should be tackled through a One Health approach, as stated in the World Health Organization Global Action Plan on AMR. We describe the landscape of AMR surveillance in the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) and underline a gap regarding veterinary medicine. Current AMR surveillance efforts are of limited help to veterinary practitioners and policymakers seeking to improve antimicrobial stewardship in animal health. We propose to establish the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance network in Veterinary medicine (EARS-Vet) to report on the AMR situation, follow AMR trends and detect emerging AMR in selected bacterial pathogens of animals. This information could be useful to advise policymakers, explore efficacy of interventions, support antimicrobial stewardship initiatives, (re-)evaluate marketing authorisations of antimicrobials, generate epidemiological cut-off values, assess risk of zoonotic AMR transmission and evaluate the burden of AMR in animal health. EARS-Vet could be integrated with other AMR monitoring systems in the animal and medical sectors to ensure a One Health approach. Herein, we present a strategy to establish EARS-Vet as a network of national surveillance systems and highlight challenges of data harmonisation and bias. Strong political commitment at national and EU/EEA levels is required for the success of EARS-Vet.

scholarly journals Views of Community Pharmacists on Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Stewardship in Jordan: A Qualitative Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doaa Saleh ◽  
Rana Abu Farha ◽  
Tareq Mukattash ◽  
Muna Barakat ◽  
Eman Alefishat
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Pharmacy Practice ◽  
Community Pharmacists ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
World Health ◽  
Community Pharmacies ◽  
Stewardship Program

The Center for Disease Control and Prevention and the World Health Organization issued a practical approach and Global Action Plan to control the threatening emerging antibacterial resistance. One of the main basis of this plan is the Antimicrobial Stewardship Program (ASPs). This study aimed to evaluate community pharmacists&rsquo; awareness and perception towards antimicrobial resistance and ASPs in Jordan. Thus, a qualitative study was conducted through in-depth interviews with twenty community pharmacists. Convienience sampling was used in the study. Qualitative analysis of the data yielded four themes and eleven sub-themes. All the respondents showed good understanding about the causes of antimicrobial resistance. The most important causes reported by them was the non-restricted prescription of antimicrobials. Most of the pharmacists believed that they are competent to provide ASPs, however, they believed that there are several barriers against the implementation of ASPs in community pharmacies in Jordan. Barriers demonstrated by the pharmacists, including organizational obstacles, resources obstacles, and personal obstacles. As a conclusion, this study revealed several barriers against the implementation of ASPs in community pharmacies in Jordan. Incorporating ASPs in the community pharmacy settings requires proper pharmacist training, several academic disciplines team efforts, and good pharmacy practice of antimicrobial guidelines.

Ukrainian Strategy and Action Plan for the Prevention of Healthcare Association Infections (HAIs) and Antimicrobial Resistance

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 6-23
Author(s):  
A.G. Salmanov
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Training System ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Control And Prevention

The Ukrainian Strategy and Action Plan for the Prevention of Healthcare Association Infections (HAIs) and An- timicrobial Resistance defines the purpose, principles and main directions of the improvement of the National system for control and prevention of HAI and AMR pathogens of these infections, mechanisms of its functioning, as well as expected socio-economic impact. Action plan underscores the need for an effective «One Health» approach involving coordination among numer- ous international sectors and actors, including human and veterinary medicine, agriculture, environment, and well-informed consumers. The Action Plan recognizes and addresses both the variable resources nations have to combat antimicrobial resistance. The main objectives of the Ukrainian Action Plan is to improve the regulatory, legal and methodological support system of prevention of Healthcare-associated Infections (HAI), laboratory diagnosis and monitoring of AMR pathogens infections, training system for medical personnel in these fields. We are talking about the introduction of modern approaches and optimization of controls and prevention of HAI, preventing of transmission of multi re- sistance pathogens in healthcare institutions, improving the effectiveness of disinfection and sterilization measures. It is planned to create a unified system of laws and regulations that will ensure effective control and prevention of HAI and AMR, and investigation of outbreaks when they occur and ensuring of adequate compensation to victims; to prepare a standard on infection control with the compliance of mandatory requirements aimed at preventing HAI and AMR in healthcare institutions based on their profile; to create in healthcare institutions the methods of epidemiological diagnostic, based on standard criteria for determining of nosocomial infection cases by anatomic localization of infection. In addition, it is necessary to optimize the list of indications for microbiological and clinical research material and objects of hospital environment, rules of sampling and shipping of samples of biological material in the laboratory. And to develop target prevention programs for HAI and AMR at the national (country), regional and municipal levels. To implement modern technologies on infection control and monitoring of AMR in health care institutions. As a result of the Ukrainian Action Plan is expected to reduce the number of infections caused by resistant strains of microorganism’s mortality, disability and complications from infections associated with medical care, increase the employment potential of the nation by reducing temporary and permanent loss of working ability as a result of population diseases. Also, it is necessary to increase safety of patients and staff while providing medical care.

scholarly journals 1306. Antimicrobial Resistance Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceptions Among Medical Students in Southern India

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S399-S399
Author(s):  
Olivia Menden ◽  
Sumathi Prabhu ◽  
Veena Shetty ◽  
Chaithra Pandith ◽  
Shobha Giri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
World Health ◽  
Attitude Score ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Antimicrobial Prescribing ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major public health problem in India. The World Health Organization recognizes that the education of medical students on antimicrobial stewardship plays a critical role in the efforts to combat AMR, but data related to knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) regarding AMR is limited in India. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in July-August 2017. Medical students at K.S. Hegde Medical Academy in Mangalore, India were surveyed with an anonymous questionnaire using a convenience sampling method involving second year, third year, fourth year, and intern students (n = 347). Data about demographics, sources of information, and antimicrobial training were collected. In addition, AMR knowledge and attitude scores were calculated. A Mann–Whitney U test was used to determine factors that were associated with significant differences in knowledge scores and attitude scores. The primary outcome measure of this study was to determine positive predictors of increased confidence in prescribing antimicrobials in the future using multivariate analysis. Results A total of 347 surveys were analyzed (response rate of 98.9%). The mean total knowledge score was 11.47 out to 31 with a standard deviation (SD) of 3.39, and the mean attitude score was 5.99 out of 16 (SD = 4.207). While 13.2% of students were “very familiar” or “familiar” with the term “Antimicrobial Stewardship,” and 88.2% of students said they would like more antimicrobial education in medical school. On multivariate analysis, female gender (OR 2.51, 95% CI (1.51, 4.18)), clinical vignette antimicrobial knowledge scores (OR 1.26, 95% CI (1.05, 1.51)), positive attitude scores (OR 0.94, 95% CI (0.88, 0.995)), awareness of Infection Control Policy (OR 1.87, 95% CI (1.09, 3.22)), and &gt; 3 years of antimicrobial prescribing clinical training (OR 2.48, 95% CI (1.29, 4.75)) were predictors of confidence in antimicrobial prescribing. Conclusion This study identifies several possible interventions for improving confidence such as increased clinical knowledge through clinical experience, increased awareness of infection control policies and antimicrobial guidelines, and empowering students to be antimicrobial stewards to combat AMR. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

Engaging patients in antimicrobial resistance and stewardship

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 180-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioana Popescu ◽  
Kim Neudorf ◽  
Sandi N. Kossey
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Current State ◽  
And Control ◽  
Public Campaigns

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the perspectives of patient advisors (PAs) on the current state of antimicrobial resistance (AR) and stewardship in Canada and identifies next steps, with the goal of stimulating further collaboration for action between leaders and PAs as well as research. Design/methodology/approach – The perspectives of PAs were gathered using an electronic online survey of 72 respondents. A search of peer reviewed literature and publicly available reports informed the development of the survey and the articulation of a more comprehensive viewpoint in this paper. Findings – PAs view AR as a serious and growing public health threat. They believe sharing the responsibility for infection prevention and control and antimicrobial stewardship will help to control the problem. They see healthcare professionals as the most appropriate stakeholders to influence behaviors associated with appropriate antibiotic use, however, they also see value in public campaigns. Importantly, they identify several opportunities for PA contribution: education of care providers, patients, families, and the public; co-design and development of materials, policies, improvement initiatives, and research; and participation in and promotion of public campaigns. Practical implications – Engaging PAs as partners at all system levels is becoming common practice. PAs bring a unique and complementary perspective that could contribute to antimicrobial stewardship efforts. Originality/value – This paper begins to bridge a gap between literature and practice, and proposes that PAs can contribute to antimicrobial stewardship efforts.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Prescribing Patterns for Childhood infections in Ambulatory Settings

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samah Al-Shatnawi ◽  
Sanabel Alhusban ◽  
Shoroq Altawalbeh ◽  
Rawand Khasawneh
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Prescribing Patterns ◽  
World Health ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
The Impact

Background: Antibiotics’ rational prescribing is a major goal of the World Health Organization’s (WHO) global action-plan to tackle antimicrobial resistance. Evaluation of antibiotic prescribing patterns is necessary to guide simple, globally applicable stewardship interventions. The impact of antimicrobial resistance is devastating, especially in low-income countries. We aimed to introduce ambulatory data on patterns of pediatric antibiotic prescribing in Jordan, which could be used to guide local stewardship interventions. Methods: A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted by selecting a random sample of pediatric patients, who attended ambulatory settings in 2018. Records of outpatients (age 18 years) receiving at least one antibiotic were included. The WHO’s model of drug utilization was applied, and all prescribing indicators were included. Multiple linear regression was performed to examine factors influencing the ratio of prescribed antibiotics to overall medications per encounter. Results: A total of 20,494 prescriptions, containing 45,241 prescribed drugs, were obtained. Average number of prescribed drugs per prescription was (2.21  0.98). 77.5% of overall ambulatory prescriptions accounted for antimicrobials. Only 0.6% of total prescriptions were for injectables. All antimicrobials (100%) were prescribed by generic-names and from essential drug list. Antibiotics were most commonly prescribed for respiratory tract infections. Age, gender, season, and facility type were significant predictors of prescribed antibiotics to overall medications ratio. Conclusions: This is the first study of antibiotic prescribing patterns among outpatient pediatrics that covers wide regions in Jordan. Results indicate high rates of antibiotics use among outpatient pediatrics. Such findings necessitate more focused efforts and regulations that support rational utilization of drugs.

scholarly journals Introduction to Antimicrobial Resistance and the Maternal Sepsis Intervention

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Louise Ackers ◽  
Gavin Ackers-Johnson ◽  
Joanne Welsh ◽  
Daniel Kibombo ◽  
Samuel Opio
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Global Action ◽  
Maternal Sepsis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Global Action Plan

AbstractThis chapter describes the threat to global health and security caused by the growing resistance of infectious organisms to antibiotics or antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Growing global connectivity ensures that AMR is a threat to us all wherever we are and with specific impacts on Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). The chapter outlines international responses to AMR including the Global Action Plan and the impact this has had on one LMIC; Uganda. It then introduces a recent UK funding call focused on improving the management of antibiotics or ‘Antimicrobial Stewardship’.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document