Ukrainian Strategy and Action Plan for the Prevention of Healthcare Association Infections (HAIs) and Antimicrobial Resistance

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 6-23
Author(s):  
A.G. Salmanov
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Training System ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Control And Prevention

The Ukrainian Strategy and Action Plan for the Prevention of Healthcare Association Infections (HAIs) and An- timicrobial Resistance defines the purpose, principles and main directions of the improvement of the National system for control and prevention of HAI and AMR pathogens of these infections, mechanisms of its functioning, as well as expected socio-economic impact. Action plan underscores the need for an effective «One Health» approach involving coordination among numer- ous international sectors and actors, including human and veterinary medicine, agriculture, environment, and well-informed consumers. The Action Plan recognizes and addresses both the variable resources nations have to combat antimicrobial resistance. The main objectives of the Ukrainian Action Plan is to improve the regulatory, legal and methodological support system of prevention of Healthcare-associated Infections (HAI), laboratory diagnosis and monitoring of AMR pathogens infections, training system for medical personnel in these fields. We are talking about the introduction of modern approaches and optimization of controls and prevention of HAI, preventing of transmission of multi re- sistance pathogens in healthcare institutions, improving the effectiveness of disinfection and sterilization measures. It is planned to create a unified system of laws and regulations that will ensure effective control and prevention of HAI and AMR, and investigation of outbreaks when they occur and ensuring of adequate compensation to victims; to prepare a standard on infection control with the compliance of mandatory requirements aimed at preventing HAI and AMR in healthcare institutions based on their profile; to create in healthcare institutions the methods of epidemiological diagnostic, based on standard criteria for determining of nosocomial infection cases by anatomic localization of infection. In addition, it is necessary to optimize the list of indications for microbiological and clinical research material and objects of hospital environment, rules of sampling and shipping of samples of biological material in the laboratory. And to develop target prevention programs for HAI and AMR at the national (country), regional and municipal levels. To implement modern technologies on infection control and monitoring of AMR in health care institutions. As a result of the Ukrainian Action Plan is expected to reduce the number of infections caused by resistant strains of microorganism’s mortality, disability and complications from infections associated with medical care, increase the employment potential of the nation by reducing temporary and permanent loss of working ability as a result of population diseases. Also, it is necessary to increase safety of patients and staff while providing medical care.

Nursing students’ perception of infection control and prevention nurses’ work – results of a survey study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Jaślan ◽  
Anna Różańska ◽  
Marta Wałaszek ◽  
Anna Szczypta ◽  
Agnieszka Gniadek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Hospital Staff ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Infection Control And Prevention

Abstract Background The results of several studies in the area of infection control in Poland are disturbing. The situation may be shaped by many factors. But the key factor is the infection teams and especially infection control and prevention nurses (ICPNS) ability of influencing positive medical personnel attitudes and behavior in this area. Aim of the study The article presents the results of the study on nursing students’ perception of ICPNs work. Material and method The study was conducted using the author's anonymous questionnaire conducted among nursing students of three Polish universities. Results The results proved to be peculiar. About 80% respondents confirmed the ICPNs key role in ensuring patient and personnel safety, while only 31.6% declared its great authority among the hospital staff. Conclusions Obtained results indicate the necessity of thorough studies on the organization and structure of infection control in Polish hospitals, with particular emphasis of building its’ positive perception by wards staff as well as implementing education campaign on infection control in hospital environment.

scholarly journals Country Income Is Only One of the Tiles: The Global Journey of Antimicrobial Resistance among Humans, Animals, and Environment

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 473
Author(s):  
Angela Pieri ◽  
Richard Aschbacher ◽  
Giada Fasani ◽  
Jole Mariella ◽  
Lorenzo Brusetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
One Health ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
International Agencies ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Infection Control And Prevention

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most complex global health challenges today: decades of overuse and misuse in human medicine, animal health, agriculture, and dispersion into the environment have produced the dire consequence of infections to become progressively untreatable. Infection control and prevention (IPC) procedures, the reduction of overuse, and the misuse of antimicrobials in human and veterinary medicine are the cornerstones required to prevent the spreading of resistant bacteria. Purified drinking water and strongly improved sanitation even in remote areas would prevent the pollution from inadequate treatment of industrial, residential, and farm waste, as all these situations are expanding the resistome in the environment. The One Health concept addresses the interconnected relationships between human, animal, and environmental health as a whole: several countries and international agencies have now included a One Health Approach within their action plans to address AMR. Improved antimicrobial usage, coupled with regulation and policy, as well as integrated surveillance, infection control and prevention, along with antimicrobial stewardship, sanitation, and animal husbandry should all be integrated parts of any new action plan targeted to tackle AMR on the Earth. Since AMR is found in bacteria from humans, animals, and in the environment, we briefly summarize herein the current concepts of One Health as a global challenge to enable the continued use of antibiotics.

REGULATORY LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR PROVIDING PALLIATIVE MEDICAL CARE IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 247-253
Author(s):  
Khabriev R.U. ◽  
Kolomiychenko M.E.
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
The Russian Federation

Palliative care as a separate type of medical care was enshrined in legislation 10 years ago. However, the law-making process is still ongoing. The guidelines for this type of medical care for adults and children have been approved twice. It must be noted amendments to the Federal Law in 2019 (which significantly expanded the definition and consolidated the "varieties" for the provision of palliative care), and the interdepartmental Regulation on the organization of the provision of this type of assistance was approved (which now includes not only the guidelines for this type of medical care for adults and children, but also provides for the guidelines for interdepartmental interaction). In addition, since 2019, regional programs for the development of palliative care in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation are being developed. Together with these documents, an action plan was approved for the implementation of the Strategy for the Development of Healthcare of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2025, in which the development of palliative care is designated as activities; action plan has been approved ("road map") "Improving the quality and availability of palliative care" until 2024 was approved, among the tasks of which: improving legal regulation, increasing the availability and quality of painkillers, developing infrastructure for providing palliative care in the constituent entities of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, training of specialists (medical personnel, clinical psychologists, social workers), public awareness about the provision of this type of medical care, the implementation of a multidisciplinary approach. This publication includes an overview of the legislation governing the functioning of the palliative care system in the Russian Federation.

Estimating awareness of health care workers and degree of implementation of antimicrobial resistance policies; a cross-sectional study from Egypt

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
Amira F.A. Hussein ◽  
Hamid E. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Global Action ◽  
Health Organization

Background: The problem of Antimicrobial resistance crises (AMR) is a threat to health and economy. Misuse of antimicrobials in human, animals and plants, lead to evolution of more aggressive bacterial strains that are resistant to most of known antimicrobials. Projections suggest that the problem will cause economic inequality, and numerous speculations about a near health crises mostly in developing countries where the burden of resistance is highest. The objective of this study is to assess awareness and degree of implementation of world health organization WHO strategies of antimicrobial resistance; an initiative for improvement. Methodology: analytical, cross- sectional study that employed interviews for implementation of the research. Results: 100% of HCW are aware of antimicrobial resistance problem. 45% of physicians have their policy in treatment with antibiotics while 35% have no policies at all. Regarding training in infection control, only nurses received training about infection control while other HCW do not. Infection control practitioners are the only ones aware of surveillance and research in infection control; while others do not. Conclusion: Global action plan objectives of WHO are partially implemented. Lack of standardized policies and regulations in antibiotic stewardship, infection control; in addition, absence of programmed training for physicians about infection prevention control are among the main finding in impeding the application of WHO objectives.

scholarly journals Nationwide multicenter questionnaire surveys on countermeasures against antimicrobial resistance and infections in hospitals

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung-ho Shin ◽  
Seiko Mizuno ◽  
Takuya Okuno ◽  
Hisashi Itoshima ◽  
Noriko Sasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Transition Analysis ◽  
Membership Probability ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background The goals of the National Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) of Japan include “implementing appropriate infection prevention and control” and “appropriate use of antimicrobials,” which are relevant to healthcare facilities. Specifically, linking efforts between existing infection control teams and antimicrobial stewardship programs was suggested to be important. Previous studies reported that human resources, such as full-time equivalents of infection control practitioners, were related to improvements in antimicrobial stewardship. Methods We posted questionnaires to all teaching hospitals (n = 1017) regarding hospital countermeasures against AMR and infections. To evaluate changes over time, surveys were conducted twice (1st survey: Nov 2016, 2nd survey: Feb 2018). A latent transition analysis (LTA) was performed to identify latent statuses, which refer to underlying subgroups of hospitals, and effects of the number of members in infection control teams per bed on being in the better statuses. Results The number of valid responses was 678 (response rate, 66.7%) for the 1st survey and 559 (55.0%) for the 2nd survey. More than 99% of participating hospitals had infection control teams, with differences in activity among hospitals. Roughly 70% had their own intervention criteria for antibiotics therapies, whereas only about 60 and 50% had criteria established for the use of anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus antibiotics and broad-spectrum antibiotics, respectively. Only 50 and 40% of hospitals conducted surveillance of catheter-associated urinary tract infections and ventilator-associated pneumonia, respectively. Less than 50% of hospitals used maximal barrier precautions for central line catheter insertion. The LTA identified five latent statuses. The membership probability of the most favorable status in the 2nd study period was slightly increased from the 1st study period (23.6 to 25.3%). However, the increase in the least favorable status was higher (26.3 to 31.8%). Results of the LTA did not support a relationship between increasing the number of infection control practitioners per bed, which is reportedly related to improvements in antimicrobial stewardship, and being in more favorable latent statuses. Conclusions Our results suggest the need for more comprehensive antimicrobial stewardship programs and increased surveillance activities for healthcare-associated infections to improve antimicrobial stewardship and infection control in hospitals.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance evaluation of bacteria isolated from infections in small animals in the Umuarama region, Paraná

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 804-813
Author(s):  
Marilia M. Souza ◽  
Jéssica T. Bordin ◽  
Ana Cláudia L. Pavan ◽  
Raquel G.A. Rodrigues ◽  
Ricardo A.P. Sfaciotte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Small Animals ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Multiresistant Bacteria ◽  
Control And Prevention

ABSTRACT: Bacterial resistance is shown to be an inevitable side effect due to the excessive use of antibiotics, becoming a significant concern worldwide. Knowledge of regional bacterial resistance profiles enables the development of site-specific infection control practices, making conscious and moderate use of commercially available antibiotics. The aim of this study was the retrospective evaluation of the antimicrobial resistance profile of bacteria isolated from companion animal infections in the region of Umuarama/PR, from 2013 to 2017. This research was performed by analyzing the database belonging to the “Laboratório de Microbiologia Animal” at the “Universidade Estadual de Maringá” (UEM). Staphylococcus spp. represented 45.53% of the bacteria isolated from clinical infections in small animals in the period and place evaluated, followed by enterobacteria (34.04%), non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli (NFGNB, 11.06%) and Streptococcus/Enterococcus (9.36%). A high number of antimicrobial resistance to antibiotics used in veterinary medicine was found. The lowest resistances associated with the best impact factor values were found for aminoglycosides, especially amikacin, chloramphenicol, and fluoroquinolones (norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin). Intermediate results were found for sulbactam-associated ampicillin, ceftriaxone, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, and enrofloxacin. According to the number of resistant antimicrobial drugs, 64.26% (151/235) of the isolates were classified as multidrug-resistant, being 15.32% extensively resistant. Considering the resistance to antimicrobial classes, 68.94% (162/235) of the isolates were classified as multiresistant, being 19.15% extensively resistant. No bacterial strains were characterized as pan-resistant, but ten bacteria were resistant to all classes tested, with isolated susceptibility to certain drugs. Through the evaluation of resistance profiles found in the period and place studied and relevant literature, it is clear that there is a growing increase in the number of multiresistant bacteria among domestic animals which characterizes a serious risk to public health. The therapeutic arsenal is becoming increasingly diminished, and there is more difficulty in empirical drug selection, making antimicrobial susceptibility testing essential for more specific selection in antimicrobial therapy. Educational measures on the conscious use of antibiotics, infection control, and prevention of local specific zoonoses need to be instituted for the knowledge of health professionals and general access of the population.

scholarly journals Activities of an infection control surveillance-working group for the infection control and prevention of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 574-580
Author(s):  
Ui Yoon Choi ◽  
Young Mi Kwon ◽  
Jung Hyun Choi ◽  
Jehoon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Hospital Emergency ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Hospital Building ◽  
Risk Of Exposure ◽  
Screening Clinic ◽  
Infection Control And Prevention

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is unlikely to end soon, and hospitals face a high risk of exposure to COVID-19 and nosocomial infections. Therefore, strengthened infection control and prevention (ICP) strategies are crucial. Here, we share our experience of activities implemented by an infection control surveillance-working group (ICS-WG) and the introduction of a hospital emergency code for patients requiring screening for COVID-19, which were established at a university-affiliated hospital. This hospital applies multi-step processes to identify patients who must visit the outdoor screening clinic for COVID-19 testing, instead of entering the hospital building. However, some of these patients inevitably end up inside the hospital building. To solve this issue, we implemented a process to announce the emergency code (“code apple”) and have the medical personnel escort such patients to the outdoor screening clinic. This process was useful in protecting the hospital from unnecessary exposure to COVID-19. The ICS-WG was assigned to conduct the surveillance of ICP practices, patrol the hospital, and recommend improvements for any practices that did not adhere to the guidelines. The ICS-WG also developed a checklist as a monitoring tool for ICP practices. The checklists were distributed to the infection control coordinators who were assigned to monitor their team’s ICP practices and report to the ICS-WG. Overall, we believe that code apple and the ICS-WG are effective strategies in improving ICP practices of COVID-19 at hospitals.

Justification of the need to improve the legal, regulatory and methodological framework for the spread of parasitic infections in the provision of medical care

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 493-497
Author(s):  
M. M. Aslanova ◽  
T. V. Gololobova ◽  
K. Yu. Kuznetsova ◽  
Tamari R. Maniya ◽  
D. V. Rakitina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Infusion Therapy ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
Medical Network ◽  
Wide Range

Introduction. The purpose of our work was to justify the need to improve the legislative, regulatory and methodological framework and preventative measures in relation to the spread of parasitic infections in the provision of medical care. There is a wide range of pathogens of parasitic infestations that are transmitted to humans through various medical manipulations and interventions carried out in various medical institutions. Contaminated care items and furnishings, medical instruments and equipment, solutions for infusion therapy, medical personnel’s clothing and hands, reusable medical products, drinking water, bedding, suture and dressing materials can serve as a major factor in the spread of parasitic infections in the provision of medical care. Purpose of research is the study of the structure and SMP of parasitic origin, circulating on the objects of the production environment in multi-profile medical and preventive institutions of stationary type in order to prevent the occurrence of their spread within medical institutions. Material and methods. The material for the study was flushes taken from the production environment in 3 multi-profile treatment and prevention institutions of inpatient type: a multi-specialty hospital, a maternity hospital and a hospital specializing in the treatment of patients with intestinal diseases for the eggs of worms and cysts of pathogenic protozoa. Results. During the 2-year monitoring of medical preventive institutions, a landscape of parasitic contamination was found to be obtained from the flushes taken from the production environment objects in the premises surveyed as part of the research work. Discussions. In the course of research, the risk of developing ISMP of parasitic origin was found to be determined by the degree of epidemiological safety of the hospital environment, the number and invasiveness of treatment and diagnostic manipulations and various medical technologies. Conclusion. It is necessary to conduct an expert assessment of regulatory and methodological documents in the field of epidemiological surveillance and sanitary and hygienic measures for the prevention of medical aid related infections of parasitic origin, to optimize the regulatory and methodological base, to develop a number of preventive measures aimed at stopping the spread of parasitic infections in the medical network.

Infectious safety of nursing staff in departments (offices) functional diagnostics in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
E. V. Panina ◽  
M. V. Pugachev ◽  
A. G. Shchesiu
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Nursing Staff ◽  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Medical Waste ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Functional Diagnostics ◽  
Prevention Of Infections ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

The article shows that in the daily activities of nursing staff of functional diagnostics departments (offices), it is necessary to strictly observe the requirements and rules for the prevention of infections associated with medical care, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. The types of personal protective equipment (PPE) of medical personnel (MP), as well as current effective methods of disinfection, rules for collecting medical waste in a complex epidemiological situation are presented.

The development of health care in Siberia in the 18th — first half of the 19th century

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-132
Author(s):  
Ekaterina V. Shulyak
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Genetic Method ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Folk Remedies

Development of health care of Siberia in the 18<sup>th</sup>&nbsp;— first half of the 19<sup>th</sup> century was closely connected with economic and political development of the Russian state. Before the medical personnel emergence in Siberia its population received medication only in the form of folk remedies. Development of its territory, insanitary conditions of life of Siberians, constant contingent of exiled to the indigenous people, and severe climate contributed to the spread of such diseases as smallpox, syphilis, and others.<br> The first medical institutions of Siberia were military hospital and infirmaries. In the days of reign of the Empress Anna Ioannovna, the city medical care started developing, and thanks to an initiative of the industrial enterprises owners&nbsp;— medical care for miners. After the establishment of the Public Charity Orders in Siberia, hospitals under their jurisdiction began to function in Tobolsk, Irkutsk, and Tomsk. A worthy contribution to the development of local medical institutions was made by donators Tolstopyatov, Bednyagin, Chupalov, and others. However, deficiency of financing, hospitals, and the medical personnel couldn’t adequately satisfy the needs of Siberian inhabitants in medical care.<br> The purpose of the article is to analyse the condition of public health, causes of morbidity and mortality of the population, as well as the process of medical care development in Siberia the turn of the 18<sup>th</sup> century by means of a historical and genetic method.

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