scholarly journals Paternal childcare in early childhood and problematic behavior in children: a population-based prospective study in Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manami Ochi ◽  
Takeo Fujiwara
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Population Based ◽  
First Century ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Sufficient Time ◽  
Long Working Hours ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
At Home

Abstract Background There have been numerous reports on the effects of paternal childcare on children’s behavioral development. However, little is known about these effects in Asian countries such as Japan, where fathers do not have sufficient time for childcare due to long working hours. This study explored the association between paternal childcare during toddlerhood in terms of childcare hours and the type of caregiving behavior and subsequent behavioral problems in children aged 5.5 years, stratified by sex. Methods We analyzed data from the Longitudinal Survey of Newborns in the twenty-first Century (2001–2006), a population-based cohort survey in Japan (N = 27,870). Paternal childcare was assessed at 18 months in terms of paternal childcare hours on weekdays or weekends and the frequency of each type of childcare (feeding, changing diapers, bathing, putting the child to sleep, playing with the child at home, and taking the child outside). Based on the frequency or lack of paternal involvement, six categories of child behavioral problems were assessed when the children were 5.5 years old. Logistic regression analysis was applied to account for the known confounding variables. Results Longer paternal childcare hours, on both weekdays and weekends in toddlerhood, had a protective effect on behavioral problems at 5.5 years of age. The dose-effect relationships were found between the frequency of fathers taking their children outside and behavioral problems in boys, and the frequency of fathers playing with their children at home and behavioral problems in both boys and girls. Conclusions Paternal childcare during toddlerhood could prevent subsequent behavioral problems in children. Several specific paternal caregiving behaviors, such as taking their children outside and playing with them at home, may play an important role in preventing subsequent behavioral problems.

scholarly journals Paternal Childcare In Early Childhood and Problematic Behavior in Children: A Population-Based Prospective Study in Japan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manami Ochi ◽  
Takeo Fujiwara
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
At Home

Abstract Background: Little is known about the effects of paternal childcare on children’s behavioral development. This study explored the association between paternal childcare during infancy in terms of childcare hours and type of caregiving behavior and subsequent behavioral problems in children aged 5.5 years stratified by sex.Methods: We analyzed data from the Longitudinal Survey of Newborns in the 21st Century (2001-2006), a population-based cohort survey in Japan (N = 27,870). Paternal childcare was assessed at 18 months in terms of paternal childcare hours on weekdays or weekends and the frequency of each type of childcare (feeding, changing diapers, bathing, putting the child to sleep, playing with the child at home, and taking the child outside). Six categories of child behavioral problems were assessed when the children were 5.5 years old. Logistic regression analysis was applied to account for the known confounding variables.Results: Longer paternal childcare hours, on both weekdays and weekends in infancy, had a protective effect on behavioral problems at 5.5 years of age. The dose-effect relationships were found between the frequency of fathers taking their children outside and behavioral problems in boys, and the frequency of fathers playing with their children at home and behavioral problems in both boys and girls.Conclusions: Paternal childcare during infancy could prevent subsequent behavioral problems in children. Several specific paternal caregiving behaviors, such as taking their children outside and playing with them at home, may play an important role in preventing subsequent behavioral problems.

scholarly journals The effects of paternal childcare in early childhood on later behavioral problems in Japan

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Ochi ◽  
T Fujiwara
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Child Outcomes ◽  
Paternal Involvement ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Child Behavioral Problems ◽  
The Impact ◽  
At Home

Abstract Background Parenting by primary caregivers in early childhood is important for the psycho-social development of children. Previous studies reported that the effect of maternal childcare on child behavioral problems. However, the research about the paternal childcare was limited. This study aims to clarify the impact of paternal childcare during infant-period on behavioral problems in later childhood, in terms of 1) childcare hours and 2) type of involvement in childcare. Methods We used the data of the Longitudinal Survey of Newborns in the 21st Century (2001-2006), which was a population-based survey in Japan. We analyzed 35,082 samples, excluding single parents. Paternal childcare was assessed by the following; paternal childcare hours on weekdays or weekends at 18 months old, and frequency of each type of childcare (feeding, diaper change, bathing, putting the child to sleep, playing at home, and taking the child outside) at 6 and 18 months old. We evaluated child behavioral problems by the caregiver's answer at 5 years old. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted for analysis. Results Children with paternal childcare for ≥ 6 hours on weekends at 18 months old were had fewer behavioral problems at 5 years old than children with paternal childcare for < 4 hours (odds ratio (OR): 0.83, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.77 to 0,89), while there was no clear association between paternal childcare hours on weekdays and child outcomes. Children with frequent paternal childcare at 6 and 18 months old also had fewer behavioral problems than children with less paternal childcare (OR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.76 to 0.90). Some types of paternal childcare (feeding, playing at home, and taking the child outside) strongly reduced child behavioral problems at 5 years old, and dose-effect relations were observed (p for trend < 0.001). Conclusions Paternal childcare for a longer time on weekends in the infant-period could reduce the child behavioral problems at 5 years old. Key messages High paternal involvement in childcare during infant age, such as taking the child outside the home on weekends, could have protective effects on behavioral problems in later childhood. The promotion of paternal involvement in childcare in early childhood should be useful for adequate child development.

scholarly journals Predicting new major depression symptoms from long working hours, psychosocial safety climate and work engagement: a population-based cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. e044133
Author(s):  
Amy Jane Zadow ◽  
Maureen F Dollard ◽  
Christian Dormann ◽  
Paul Landsbergis
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Work Engagement ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Safety Climate ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Long Working Hours

ObjectivesThis study sought to assess the association between long working hours, psychosocial safety climate (PSC), work engagement (WE) and new major depression symptoms emerging over the next 12 months. PSC is the work climate supporting workplace psychological health.SettingAustralian prospective cohort population data from the states of New South Wales, Western Australia and South Australia.ParticipantsAt Time 1, there were 3921 respondents in the sample. Self-employed, casual temporary, unclassified, those with working hours <35 (37% of 2850) and participants with major depression symptoms at Time 1 (6.7% of 1782) were removed. The final sample was a population-based cohort of 1084 full-time Australian employees.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe planned and measured outcomes were new cases of major depression symptoms.ResultsLong working hours were not significantly related to new cases of major depression symptoms; however, when mild cases were removed, the 41–48 and ≥55 long working hour categories were positively related to major depression symptoms. Low PSC was associated with a threefold increase in risk for new major depression symptoms. PSC was not related to long working hours, and long working hours did not mediate the relationship between PSC and new cases of major depression symptoms. The inverse relationship between PSC and major depression symptoms was stronger for males than females. Additional analyses identified that WE was positively related to long working hours. Long working hours (41–48 and ≥55 hours) mediated a positive relationship between WE and major depression symptoms when mild cases of major depression were removed.ConclusionThe results suggest that low workplace PSC and potentially long working hours (41–48; ≥55 hours/week) increase the risk of new major depression symptoms. Furthermore, high WE may increase long working hours and subsequent major depression symptoms.

scholarly journals Association Between Reported Long Working Hours and History of Stroke in the CONSTANCES Cohort

Stroke ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 1879-1882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Fadel ◽  
Grace Sembajwe ◽  
Diana Gagliardi ◽  
Fernando Pico ◽  
Jian Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Long Working Hours ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
White Collar Workers ◽  
General Population Cohort ◽  
Global Prevention

Background and Purpose— Long working hours (LWHs) are a potential risk factor for stroke. The aim of this study was to investigate this association in a large general population cohort. Methods— We used the French population-based cohort, CONSTANCES (Cohorte des Consultants des Centres d'Examens de Santé), to retrieve information on age, sex, smoking, and working hours from the baseline, self-administered questionnaire. Other cardiovascular risk factors and previous occurrence of stroke were taken from a parallel medical interview. We defined LWH as working time >10 hours daily for at least 50 days per year. Participants with primarily part-time jobs were excluded as were those with stroke before LWH exposure. We used logistic models to estimate the association between LWH and stroke, stratified by age, sex, and occupation. In additional modeling, we excluded subjects whose stroke occurred within 5 years of the first reported work exposure. Results— Among the 143 592 participants in the analyses, there were 1224 (0.9%) strokes, 42 542 (29.6%) reported LWH, and 14 481 (10.1%) reported LWH for 10 years or more. LWH was associated with an increased risk of stroke: adjusted odds ratio of 1.29 (95% CI, 1.11–1.49). Being exposed to LWH for 10 years or more was more strongly associated with stroke, adjusted odds ratio of 1.45 (95% CI, 1.21–1.74). The association showed no differences between men and women but was stronger in white-collar workers under 50 years of age. Conclusions— This large analysis reveals a significant association between stroke and exposure to LWH for 10 years or more. The findings are relevant for individual and global prevention.

scholarly journals Long working hours and alcohol use: systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies and unpublished individual participant data

BMJ ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 350 (jan12 13) ◽  
pp. g7772-g7772 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Virtanen ◽  
M. Jokela ◽  
S. T. Nyberg ◽  
I. E. H. Madsen ◽  
T. Lallukka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Individual Participant Data ◽  
Long Working Hours ◽  
Individual Participant

scholarly journals Impact of Long Working Hours and Shift Work on Perceived Unmet Dental Need: A Panel Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 2939
Author(s):  
Hye-Eun Lee ◽  
Nam-Hee Kim ◽  
Tae-Won Jang ◽  
Ichiro Kawachi
Keyword(s):  
Shift Work ◽  
Dental Care ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Long Working Hours ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Dental Care Needs ◽  
Dental Needs

This study investigates whether workers with long working hours as well as shift workers perceive higher unmet dental care needs, and whether there is a gender difference in the associations. We used the Korea Health Panel (2009, 2011–2014) involving 20,451 person-wave observations from 5567 individuals. Perceived unmet dental care needs was defined when the participants reported that they perceived a need for dental treatment or check-up but had failed to receive dental care services during the past year. Fixed effects logit models were applied to examine how changes in weekly working hours or shift work status were linked to changes in perceived unmet dental needs within each individual. Among participants, 15.9–24.7% reported perceived unmet dental needs and the most common reason was time scarcity. We found that long working hours (>52 h/week) was significantly associated with perceived unmet dental needs due to time scarcity in both men (OR = 1.42, 95% CI 1.13–1.78) and women (OR = 1.35, 95% CI 1.03–1.79) compared workers working 40–52 h per week. Shift work was also a significant risk factor, but only in women (OR = 1.57, 95% CI 1.06–2.32). These findings provide evidence for labor policies to reduce working hours in order to improve access to dental care services.

scholarly journals Impact of Shift Work and Long Working Hours on Worker Cognitive Functions: Current Evidence and Future Research Needs

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6540
Author(s):  
Veruscka Leso ◽  
Luca Fontana ◽  
Angela Caturano ◽  
Ilaria Vetrani ◽  
Mauro Fedele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Night Work ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Long Working Hours ◽  
Main Determinants

Particular working conditions and/or organization of working time may cause important sleep disturbances that have been proposed to be predictive of cognitive decline. In this regard, circadian rhythm misalignment induced by exposure to night work or long working hours would be responsible for cognitive impairment. Nevertheless, evidence supporting this correlation is limited and several issues still need to be elucidated. In this regard, we conducted a systematic review to evaluate the association between shift/night work and cognitive impairment and address its main determinants. Information provided by the reviewed studies suggested that night work might have serious immediate negative effects especially on cognitive domains related to attention, memory and response inhibition. Furthermore, cognitive performance would progressively worsen over consecutive night shifts or following exposure to very long work shifts. Otherwise, conflicting results emerged regarding the possible etiological role that night work chronic exposure would have on cognitive impairment. Therefore, circadian rhythm desynchronization, lack of sleep and fatigue resulting from night work may negatively impact worker’s cognitive efficiency. However, in light of the considerable methodological variability of the reviewed studies, we proposed to develop a standardized research and evaluation strategy in order to obtain a better and comprehensive understanding of this topic.

scholarly journals Dietary and lifestyle inflammatory scores are associated with increased risk of metabolic syndrome in Iranian adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Farhadnejad ◽  
Karim Parastouei ◽  
Hosein Rostami ◽  
Parvin Mirmiran ◽  
Fereidoun Azizi
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Adjusted Model ◽  
Diet And Lifestyle

Abstract Background In the current study, we aimed to investigate the association of dietary inflammation scores (DIS) and lifestyle inflammation scores (LIS) with the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in a prospective population-based study. Methods A total of 1625 participants without MetS were recruited from among participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study(2006–2008) and followed a mean of 6.1 years. Dietary data of subjects were collected using a food frequency questionnaire at baseline to determine LIS and DIS. Multivariable logistic regression models, were used to calculate the odds ratio (ORs) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) of MetS across tertiles of DIS and LIS. Results Mean ± SD age of individuals (45.8 % men) was 37.5 ± 13.4 years. Median (25–75 interquartile range) DIS and LIS for all participants was 0.80 (− 2.94, 3.64) and 0.48 (− 0.18, − 0.89), respectively. During the study follow-up, 291 (17.9 %) new cases of MetS were identified. Based on the age and sex-adjusted model, a positive association was found between LIS (OR = 7.56; 95% CI 5.10–11.22, P for trend < 0.001) and risk of MetS, however, the association of DIS and risk of MetS development was not statistically significant (OR = 1.30;95% CI 0.93–1.80, P for trend = 0.127). In the multivariable model, after adjustment for confounding variables, including age, sex, body mass index, physical activity, smoking, and energy intake, the risk of MetS is increased across tertiles of DIS (OR = 1.59; 95% CI 1.09–2.33, P for trend = 0.015) and LIS(OR = 8.38; 95% CI 5.51–12.7, P for trend < 0.001). Conclusions The findings of the current study showed that greater adherence to LIS and DIS, determined to indicate the inflammatory potential of diet and lifestyle, are associated with increased the risk of MetS.

scholarly journals A Generalized Structural Equation Model Approach to Long Working Hours and Near-Misses among Healthcare Professionals in Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 7154
Author(s):  
Tatsuhiko Anzai ◽  
Takashi Yamauchi ◽  
Masaki Ozawa ◽  
Kunihiko Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Near Miss ◽  
Long Working Hours ◽  
Near Misses ◽  
Related Stress ◽  
Job Related Stress

(1) Background: Near-miss incidents are the foundation of major injuries. They are warning signs that loss is imminent. Long working hours are a risk factor for near-misses along with sleep problems, job-related stress, and depressive symptoms. This study aimed to evaluate the indirect effects of long working hours via mediating variables on near-miss occurrences among Japanese healthcare professionals. (2) Methods: 1490 Japanese healthcare professionals’ reports from a web-based survey of workers in October 2018 were analyzed to evaluate total, direct, and indirect effects of long working hours on near-misses. We applied a generalized structural equation model with three mediating variables: sleep problems, job-related stress, and depressive symptoms. (3) Results: The total effect and direct effect of the categories of working hours longer than 41 h per week (h/w) for occurrence of near-misses were not significantly higher than that of 35–40 h/w. However, for indirect effects on occurrence of near-misses that first passed through job-related stress, there were higher reports for each category compared to 35–40 h/w, with odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of OR = 1.12, 95% CI (1.07, 1.21) for 41–50 h/w; 1.25, (1.14, 1.41) for 51–60 h/w; and 1.31, (1.18, 1.51) for ≥ 61 h/w. (4) Conclusion: The results suggest that reducing working hours might improve job-related stress, which could reduce near-misses and prevent injuries.

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