scholarly journals Psycho-social factors associated with high depressive symptomatology in female adolescents and gender difference in adolescent depression: an epidemiological survey in China’s Hubei Province

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenzhe Sun ◽  
Junhua Mei ◽  
Yanyan Wang ◽  
Xin Zhao ◽  
Zhou Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Adolescent Depression ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Male Adolescents ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Background Exploring etiological clues to adolescent depression, especially in female adolescents, might be helpful to improve the social environment of female adolescents. The aim at this study is to explore psycho-social factors of female adolescents with high depressive symptomatology and gender differences in depressive symptoms among Chinese adolescents. Method We examined 4100 adolescents from Wuhan city and Jianli county via a cross-sectional study. Depressive symptomatology was screened through the Chinese version of Center for Epidemiology Studies Depression Scale. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to explore the factors related to high depressive symptomatology in female and male adolescents, respectively. Results The prevalence of high depressive symptomatology in female and male were 38.9 and 30.2% respectively. The psycho-social factors of high depressive symptomatology in female adolescents were age (Adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.201, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.076 ~ 1.341), single parent family (aOR = 2.004, 95%CI, 1.448 ~ 2.772) and fathers’ education level (compared to primary school and below, [Junior middle school, aOR = 0.641, 95%CI, 0.439 ~ 0.934; Senior middle school, aOR = 0.603, 95%CI, 0.410 ~ 0.888; College degree and above, aOR = 0.639, 95%CI, 0.437 ~ 0.936]). Conclusion Fathers’ education level was associated with high depressive symptomatology in female adolescents. Female adolescents whose father with primary school education or below deserves more attention. Further epidemiologic researches need to be conducted to explore the different risk factors between female and male adolescents in China.

scholarly journals Sociolinguistic variation of parameters of oral spontaneous text

2021 ◽  
pp. 169-182
Author(s):  
Ekaterina S. Khudyakova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Modeling ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Sociolinguistic Variation ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Variation Of Parameters ◽  
The Social ◽  
Factor Type ◽  
And Gender

The article examines the social factors influence on prosodic manifestation of syntactic and macrosyntactic units. The data collected during suprasegmental analysis of spontaneous speech are used, which are directly related to the syntactic level, namely: the average length of a phrase in words and in syntagmas and the average length of a syntagma in phonetic words, as well as parameters associated with the design of the whole text: the number of composition blocks in the text, their length in phrases, the length of the whole text in phrases and words. The results of statistical modeling of the influence of the factors "age", "type of education", "level of education" and "gender" clearly indicate that the factors "type of education" and "gender" significantly influence the variation of syntactic and macrosyntactic parameters of an oral text. The factor "type of education" significantly affects the number of phrases in the text and the length of the text block in phrases – both parameters are significantly higher for the speakers who specialize in Humanities compared to those who specialize in Sciences. The length of the syntagma depends on the speaker’ gender – syntagmas produced by male speakers are longer.

The understanding of risk factors for eating disorders in male adolescents

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinem Akgül ◽  
Devrim Akdemir ◽  
Mahmut Kara ◽  
Orhan Derman ◽  
Füsun Çuhadaroğlu Çetin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Medical Illness ◽  
Retrospective Evaluation ◽  
Male Adolescents ◽  
Male Ratio ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Gender Specific

Abstract Objective: The study aimed to describe the medical, psychiatric, and cultural features of adolescent males with an eating disorder (ED). Materials and methods: This retrospective evaluation took place at Hacettepe University, İhsan Doğramacı Children’s Hospital, Ankara, Turkey, and covered a 4-year period between 2010 and 2013. Sixty adolescents were diagnosed with an ED during this period, 47 (78.3%) were females and 13 were males (21.7%) male. All 13 male patients who met full criteria for an ED according to the DSM criteria were included. Medical and psychiatric records of male patients treated for an ED were re-evaluated. Results: The most striking finding of the study was that the female to male ratio became 3.6:1, with the increasing number of male adolescents with an ED. In our study, medical findings and complications of males with ED were similar to those seen in females. However, the most predominant gender difference was the co occurrence of a comorbid physical or mental illness. Conclusion: It is imperative to raise awareness of EDs in males. Although the medical findings of the study suggest that male and female adolescents with EDs are clinically similar to each other, the understanding of certain gender-specific risk factors shown in our study, such as a medical illness and/or obesity and co-morbid psychiatric diagnosis, are essential in raising suspicion. Further studies that especially evaluate cultural and social factors that affect parenting styles for boys are important in addessing possible risk factors for the development of EDs in males within different societies.

scholarly journals Influence of Parenting Styles on Shyness among Adolescents

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Rezvan ◽  
Lancy D’Souza ◽  
Fatemeh Shapouri
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
School Type ◽  
Government Schools ◽  
Perceived Parenting ◽  
Male Adolescents ◽  
Authoritarian Parenting ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Parental Authority Questionnaire

The current study intended to investigate the influence of parenting styles on shyness among adolescents.  A sample of 200 subjects whose age ranged between 11 to 14 years was considered as early adolescents in the present study. Thus, a total sample of 200 subjects (100 boys and 100 girls) from in and around Mysore city were randomly selected as the participants of the study. They were provided with Parental authority questionnaire (PAQ; Buri, 1991) to measure perceived parenting styles –permissive, authoritative and authoritarian, and Shyness Assessment Test (SAT; D’Souza,2006), which measured shyness in three domains-cognitive/affective, physiological and action oriented.  Two-way ANOVA was employed to find out the influence of parenting styles and gender, and school type on shyness. Results revealed that parenting styles had significant influence over physiological domain and total shyness scores, where adolescents with permissive parenting styles were shyer than adolescents with authoritative and authoritarian parenting styles. Female adolescents were shyer than male adolescents in all the domains of shyness including total shyness. Adolescents studying in government schools were shyer than adolescents studying in aided and unaided schools in action oriented domain of shyness and total shyness.

scholarly journals Prevalence of and risk factors for depressive and anxiety symptoms in a large sample of Chinese adolescents in the post-COVID-19 era

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaobin Zhang ◽  
Haidong Yang ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Man Yang ◽  
Nian Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Middle School ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Chinese Adolescents ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Urban Region ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Male Adolescents ◽  
Parental Relationship

Abstract Background Depressive and anxiety symptoms are widespread among adolescents today, creating a large social problem. However, few previous studies have addressed depression and anxiety among adolescents in Chinese cohorts. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of and risk factors for depressive and anxiety symptoms among Chinese middle school adolescent students in the post-COVID-19 era. Methods A total of 22380 middle school students from Jiangsu Province were surveyed online, and their general demographic data were collected. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was used to assess depressive symptoms, and the seven-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale was used to measure anxiety symptoms. Results Of these participants (aged 12–17 years), 25.6% had depressive symptoms, 26.9% had anxiety symptoms, and 20.6% had a combination of depression and anxiety symptoms. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was higher in female adolescents (27.6%) than in male adolescents (23.7%; χ2 = 45.479, P=0.000), and the proportion with anxiety symptoms was higher among female adolescents (28.6%) than among male adolescents (25.4%; χ2 = 29.390, P=0.000). Furthermore, binary logistic regression analysis showed that gender, region, and parental relationship were significantly associated with depressive symptoms among adolescents, while age, gender, region, and parental relationship were significantly associated with anxiety symptoms. Conclusions Our findings demonstrated that the prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms in Chinese adolescents are high. Female gender, urban region, and poor parental relationship may be risk factors for depressive and anxiety symptoms. Furthermore, policy makers, schools, and families should pay more attention to the psychological health of adolescents.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Substance Use and Depressive Symptoms among Colombian Adolescents

2018 ◽  
pp. 323-327
Author(s):  
K Romero-Acosta ◽  
L Gómez-de-Regil ◽  
G Lowe ◽  
G Lipps
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Family Member ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Adolescent Depression ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Substance Involvement ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: To explore the relationship between substance use and depressive symptomatology among adolescents in Colombia. Methods: Adolescents aged 13–19 years from a rural city in Colombia completed the Spanish version of the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test and the Kutcher Adolescent Depression Scale-6 (KADS-6). Results: Regression analyses indicated that gender, having used cannabis, having used sedatives, and having a family member who used illegal drugs were predictive of higher symptom levels of depression according to KADS-6. Conclusion: The results of this study suggested that substance use was associated with depressive symptoms in this sample of Colombian adolescents.

Evaluation of the Psychometric Properties of the Asian Adolescent Depression Scale and Construction of a Short Form: An Item Response Theory Analysis

Assessment ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 660-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Chuen Yee Lo ◽  
Yue Zhao ◽  
Alice Wai Yee Kwok ◽  
Wai Chan ◽  
Calais Kin Yuen Chan
Keyword(s):  
Item Response Theory ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Item Response ◽  
Adolescent Depression ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Response Theory ◽  
Item Response Theory Analysis ◽  
Full Form

The present study applied item response theory to examine the psychometric properties of the Asian Adolescent Depression Scale and to construct a short form among 1,084 teenagers recruited from secondary schools in Hong Kong. Findings suggested that some items of the full form reflected higher levels of severity and were more discriminating than others, and the Asian Adolescent Depression Scale was useful in measuring a broad range of depressive severity in community youths. Differential item functioning emerged in several items where females reported higher depressive severity than males. In the short form construction, preliminary validation suggested that, relative to the 20-item full form, our derived short form offered significantly greater diagnostic performance and stronger discriminatory ability in differentiating depressed and nondepressed groups, and simultaneously maintained adequate measurement precision with a reduced response burden in assessing depression in the Asian adolescents. Cultural variance in depressive symptomatology and clinical implications are discussed.

Age of Alcohol Initiation Matters: Examining Gender Differences in the Recency and Frequency of Alcohol Use Across Adolescence Using a Sample of Impoverished Minority Adolescents

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Tomek ◽  
Kathleen A. Bolland ◽  
John M. Bolland ◽  
Lisa M. Hooper ◽  
Wesley T. Church ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Simultaneous Estimation ◽  
Male Adolescents ◽  
Minority Adolescents ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Made In

While previous research has shown alcohol use to increase developmentally throughout adolescence, the age of alcohol initiation has rarely been incorporated into developmental trajectories. Simultaneous estimation of the effects of early alcohol initiation was made in relation to the recency and frequency of alcohol use utilizing a sample of 1,209 low-income, minority adolescents initiating alcohol between 12 and 18. Significant effects of both age of alcohol initiation and gender were found. Initial alcohol use was higher the later the adolescent initiated alcohol use. Following initiation, trajectories of the recency and frequency of alcohol use for female adolescents increased more rapidly the earlier they initiate alcohol use, while trajectories for male adolescents increased independent of their year of initiation. Modeling age of initiation using piecewise growth models provided more informative results regarding early alcohol initiation effects as compared to traditional longitudinal model.

The Portuguese Version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D)

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Gonçalves ◽  
Teresa Fagulha
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Portuguese Version ◽  
Lower Education Level ◽  
Lower Education

Summary: The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) is a depression scale designed to measure depressive symptomatology in the general population. The authors developed a Portuguese version of this scale. This article presents the results of the three studies carried out with this version. These results support the reliability and the validity of the scale. The CES-D proved to be sensitive to variations in the intensity of depressive symptomatology and can be used in epidemiological studies or as a screening instrument in a clinical setting. Sex does have some influence on the values of sensitivity and specificity but the educational level has a greater influence on scores: Subjects with a lower education level tend to obtain higher scores with the same level of depressive symptomatology as evaluated by the clinical interview.

scholarly journals A PROTOTYPE ANALYSIS OF FATHER (EVERY AGE)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (57) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Middle School ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
And Gender ◽  
School Period

The concept of “father”, which has an important role in the family and parents child relationship, has been the subject of many science fields in historical periods. In this research, what the concept of father means according to the age periods was determined by the prototype analysis method. The research was carried out in a qualitative pattern. 241 participants including primary school (40), middle school (40), high school (40), university (40), young adulthood (40), middle age (40) were included in the research. Participants were asked what meant of father to them in a form where expressing a concept was embodied with the example and asked what the meaning of the father meant. “Prototype Analysis Method” was used to analyze the obtained data. The definitions related to the father are classified according to gender and developmental stages in the form of frequencies, and their percentages are listed from the most repeated to the least repeated and shown in a table. During the primary school, paticipants define fathers as love, meeting financial needs, compassion, anger, respect; The participants in the middle school period defined the head of the household, love, happiness, money, altruist. Participants in the high school period defined the father as a protector, the head of the household, love, support, and the university period as a protector, support, source of happiness, trust, sacrifice. Participants in young adulthood define fathers; trust, protector, authority, self-sacrificing, guiding; middle age participants define fathers; such as support,, head of the household,, protector, love, authority. Descriptions about the father were discussed in the light of the literature by developmental stages and gender. Key Words: Father, developmental stages, family, prototype analysis

scholarly journals Prevalence of and risk factors for depressive and anxiety symptoms in a large sample of Chinese adolescents in the post-COVID-19 era

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaobin Zhang ◽  
Haidong Yang ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Man Yang ◽  
Nian Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Middle School ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Chinese Adolescents ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Urban Region ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Male Adolescents ◽  
Parental Relationship

Abstract Background Depressive and anxiety symptoms are widespread among adolescents today, creating a large social problem. However, few previous studies have addressed depression and anxiety among adolescents in Chinese cohorts. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of and risk factors for depressive and anxiety symptoms among Chinese middle school adolescent students in the post-COVID-19 era. Methods A total of 22,380 middle school students from Jiangsu Province were surveyed online, and their general demographic data were collected. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was used to assess depressive symptoms, and the seven-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale was used to measure anxiety symptoms. Results Of these participants (aged 12–17 years), 25.6% had depressive symptoms, 26.9% had anxiety symptoms, and 20.6% had a combination of depression and anxiety symptoms. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was higher in female adolescents (27.6%) than in male adolescents (23.7%; χ2 = 45.479, P = 0.000), and the proportion with anxiety symptoms was higher among female adolescents (28.6%) than among male adolescents (25.4%; χ2 = 29.390, P = 0.000). Furthermore, binary logistic regression analysis showed that gender, region, and parental relationship were significantly associated with depressive symptoms among adolescents, while age, gender, region, and parental relationship were significantly associated with anxiety symptoms. Conclusions Our findings demonstrated that the prevalence of reported depressive and anxiety symptoms in Chinese adolescents are high. Female gender, urban region, and poor parental relationship may be risk factors for depressive and anxiety symptoms. Furthermore, policy makers, schools, and families need to pay more attention to the psychological health of adolescents, develop response plans and take early intervention measures to reduce the prevalence of adolescent depression and anxiety.

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