scholarly journals Characterising the extent of misreporting of high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and diabetes using the Australian Health Survey

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Louise Peterson ◽  
Jane Philippa Jacobs ◽  
Steven Allender ◽  
Laura Veronica Alston ◽  
Melanie Nichols
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
Australian Health

Abstract P387: Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Children in a 20 year Community Study: Influence of the Family

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy L Nelson ◽  
Laura Dvorak ◽  
Kathy Kioussopoulos ◽  
Gary Luckasen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Family Member ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
Northern Colorado ◽  
The Family

Background: High cholesterol, atherosclerosis, high blood pressure, and obesity can be identified during childhood. Identifying the underlying contributors to such risk factors may allow young families the opportunity to modify health habits. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and their associated predictors among Northern Colorado children and their families. Methods: The Poudre Valley Health System (PVHS), Healthy Hearts Club has provided a successful cardiovascular screening program for the past ∼20 years (1993–2011) to identify risk factors among students in six Northern Colorado school districts (a primarily white population ∼90%). Schools were selected based on willingness to participate. Data were collected cross-sectionally with objective measures of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), blood pressure and body mass index (BMI). Surveys were filled out by the parent and/or legal guardian and included questions about diet and physical activity of the child as well as these behaviors and risk factors among family members. Results: There were 9,363 children with information for the measured risk factors (mean age, 10.4 years, range, 6.2–18 years, 49% female). The prevalence of the six measured risk factors included 39% with total cholesterol > 170 mg/dl, 10.7%, with HDL-C < 35 mg/dl, 11.7% with Cholesterol/HDL ratio >4.8, 7.2% with systolic blood pressure > 120 mmHg, 8.2% with diastolic blood pressure > 80 mmHg and 21.1% with BMI > 85 percentile for age and sex. There were 40.8%, 35%, 14.5%, 6.2%, 2.4%, 0.8% and 0.2% with 0–6 risk factors respectively. Of those with zero risk factors 25.7% reported a family member (other than the child) being overweight while 68.2% reported such among those with five risk factors; similarly 16.4% reported a family member who smokes (among children with zero risk factors) as compared to 24% with five risk factors. High cholesterol, high blood pressure and diabetes trended similar. Conclusions: The prevalence of CVD risk factors among these children is substantial and is associated with such risk factors among the family. This data suggests risk factor reduction must not be done in isolation of the family.

Abstract P354: Reported Prevalence of High Blood Pressure and Cholesterol among US Adults - Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2011

Circulation ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fleetwood Loustalot ◽  
Jing Fang
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
State Level ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
Behavioral Risk Factor ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance ◽  
Risk Factor Surveillance

Background: High blood pressure and cholesterol are leading risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is currently the only system that can provide state-level estimates of high blood pressure and cholesterol, and states frequently use the BRFSS when monitoring CVD risk factors. Several methodological changes to the BRFSS were instituted in 2011, to account for rising rates of cellular phone only households and declining response rates. The improvements may result in shifts to state-level estimates, and comparisons with previous years may represent methodological changes, rather than risk factor improvement or worsening. New baseline data are needed and this study uses the most recent data to report high blood pressure and cholesterol estimates among US states. Methods: The BRFSS is a state-based, random-digit-dialed telephone survey of non-institutionalized US adults aged ≥18 years. High blood pressure and cholesterol are assessed in odd years, using: “Have you ever been told by a doctor, nurse, or other health professional that you have high blood pressure [¼your high blood cholesterol is high]?” Data were analyzed by age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, and state. All estimates were age standardized using the 2000 US standard projected population. Analyses were conducted using SAS-callable SUDAAN to account for the complex sampling design. Within group differences were assessed using pairwise comparisons. The analytic sample was 498,201. Results: Overall, 30.3% (95% Confidence Interval: 30.0-30.5%) reported high blood pressure and 34.0% (33.7-34.3%) high cholesterol. Compared with other demographic groups, higher estimates of high blood pressure were reported among males, those with < a high school education, non-Hispanic blacks, and those ≥65 years. In parallel, high cholesterol was most commonly reported among males, those with < a high school education, and those ≥65 years, with non-Hispanic blacks reporting the lowest prevalence, compared with other demographic groups. By state, reported high blood pressure ranged from 24.7% (Colorado) to 38.3% (Mississippi) and high cholesterol from 28.0% (Montana) to 37.8% (Texas). Conclusions: In 2011, about 1 in 3 US adults reported high blood pressure and high cholesterol. Marked demographic and geographic disparities were found. Coordinated community and clinical interventions are needed to address the high burden of high blood pressure and cholesterol. For example, the Million Hearts TM initiative, a public-private partnership, seeks to align, coordinate, and enhance activities across the US, with prevention and treatment of high blood pressure and cholesterol being key components of the initiative.

scholarly journals Prevalência de hipertensão arterial e fatores associados em estudantes de Ensino Médio de escolas públicas da Região Metropolitana do Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil, 2006

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betânia da Mata Ribeiro Gomes ◽  
João Guilherme Bezerra Alves
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Student Health ◽  
Task Force Report ◽  
Children And Adolescent ◽  
School Based ◽  
Control And Prevention

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a prevalência de hipertensão arterial sistêmica e fatores associados à saúde em adolescentes, por meio de estudo epidemiológico transversal de base populacional, realizado no período de abril a setembro de 2006, empregando amostragem estratificada segundo porte da escola e turnos. Utilizando-se o questionário Global School-based Student Health Survey, 1.878 estudantes de 29 escolas públicas da Região Metropolitana do Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil, foram investigados quanto a: idade; sexo; índice de massa corporal; consumo de frutas, verduras, álcool e tabaco; e pressão arterial, admitindo os parâmetros da Task Force Report on High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescent, de 1996, para pressão arterial, do Centers for Disease Control and Prevention para estado nutricional. As prevalências de hipertensão arterial (medida apenas uma vez), sobrepeso e obesidade igualaram-se a 17,3%, 6,9% e 3,7%, respectivamente. Comportaram-se como fatores associados para hipertensão arterial: sexo masculino, obesidade, sobrepeso e falta de atividade física. Concluiu-se que o conhecimento dos fatores associados para hipertensão arterial em adolescentes poderá subsidiar campanhas de educação para a saúde.

scholarly journals Survival to Age 90 in Men: The Tromsø Study 1974–2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 2028
Author(s):  
Tormod Brenn
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
Related Data ◽  
The Impact

The 738 oldest men who participated in the first survey of the population-based Tromsø Study (Tromsø 1) in Norway in 1974 have now had the chance to reach the age of 90 years. The men were also invited to subsequent surveys (Tromsø 2–7, 1979–2016) and have been followed up for all-cause deaths. This study sought to investigate what could be learned from how these men have fared. The men were born in 1925–1928 and similar health-related data from questionnaires, physical examination, and blood samples are available for all surveys. Survival curves over various variable strata were applied to evaluate the impact of individual risk factors and combinations of risk factors on all-cause deaths. At the end of 2018, 118 (16.0%) of the men had reached 90 years of age. Smoking in 1974 was the strongest single risk factor associated with survival, with observed percentages of men reaching 90 years being 26.3, 25.7, and 10.8 for never, former, and current smokers, respectively. Significant effects on survival were also found for physical inactivity, low income, being unmarried, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol. For men with 0–4 of these risk factors, the percentages reaching 90 years were 33.3, 24.9, 12.4, 14.4, and 1.5, respectively. Quitting smoking and increasing physical activity before 55 years of age improved survival significantly. Men should refrain from smoking and increase their physical activity, especially those with low income, those who are unmarried, and those with high blood pressure and high cholesterol.

scholarly journals Prevalence of high blood pressure measured in the Brazilian population, National Health Survey, 2013

2016 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Carvalho Malta ◽  
Nadir Baltazar dos Santos ◽  
Rosângela Durso Perillo ◽  
Célia Landmann Szwarcwald
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
National Health ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
National Health Survey ◽  
Brazilian Population ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Federal States ◽  
Medical Diagnoses

ABSTRACT: CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: High blood pressure (hypertension) is the most frequent cause of morbidity and a major risk factor for cardiovascular complications. The aim here was to describe the prevalence of blood pressure greater than or equal to 140/90 mmHg in the adult Brazilian population and federal states, along with self-reported information about previous medical diagnoses of hypertension, use of medication and medical care for hypertension control. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study analyzing information from the National Health Survey of 2013, relating to Brazil and its federal states. METHODS: The sample size was estimated as 81,254 households and information was collected from 64,348 households. The survey consisted of interviews, physical and laboratory measurements. Systolic blood pressure was considered to be high when it was ≥ 140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure, ≥ 90 mmHg. RESULTS: It was found that 22.8% of the population has blood pressure measurements ≥ 140/90 mmHg. The proportion was higher among men than among women: 25.8% versus 20.0%. The frequency increased with age, reaching 47.1% in individuals over 75 years and was highest in the southeast and south. 43.2% reported previous medical diagnoses of hypertension and, of these, 81.4% reported using medication for hypertension and 69.6%, going to the doctor within the past year for pressure monitoring, thus showing regular medical follow-up. CONCLUSION: These results are important for supporting measures for preventing and treating hypertension in Brazil, with the aim of achieving the World Health Organization's goal of reducing hypertension by 25% over the next decade.

scholarly journals Contribution of Individual Risk Factor Changes to Reductions in Population Absolute Cardiovascular Risk

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Cochrane ◽  
Rachel Davey ◽  
Christopher Gidlow ◽  
Zafar Iqbal ◽  
Jagdish Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Individual Risk Factor ◽  
One Year ◽  
Individual Risk Factors

Background. Few studies have investigated individual risk factor contributions to absolute cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Even fewer have examined changes in individual risk factors as components of overall modifiable risk change following a CVD prevention intervention.Design. Longitudinal study of population CVD risk factor changes following a health screening and enhanced support programme.Methods. The contribution of individual risk factors to the estimated absolute CVD risk in a population of high risk patients identified from general practice records was evaluated. Further, the proportion of the modifiable risk attributable to each factor that was removed following one year of enhanced support was estimated.Results. Mean age of patients (533 males, 68 females) was 63.7 (6.4) years. High cholesterol (57%) was most prevalent, followed by smoking (53%) and high blood pressure (26%). Smoking (57%) made the greatest contribution to the modifiable population CVD risk, followed by raised blood pressure (26%) and raised cholesterol (17%). After one year of enhanced support, the modifiable population risk attributed to smoking (56%), high blood pressure (68%), and high cholesterol (53%) was removed.Conclusion. Approximately 59% of the modifiable risk attributable to the combination of high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and current smoking was removed after intervention.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Diabetes, High Blood Pressure, and High Cholesterol According to Different Diagnostic Criteria in São Paulo City, 2015 Isa-Nutrition Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1081-1081
Author(s):  
Jaqueline Pereira ◽  
Michelle Castro ◽  
Jean Leite ◽  
Marcelo Rogero ◽  
Flavia Sarti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Medication Use ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Age Group ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
High Cholesterol

Abstract Objectives To estimate and to compare the prevalence of diabetes, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol in the population of São Paulo city, according to different diagnostic criteria. Methods Data were collected at households during the cross-sectional population-based Health Survey of São Paulo with focus in Nutrition (ISA-Nutrition) performed in 2015 with 901 participants aged ≥12 y living in São Paulo city, Brazil. The prevalence of the evaluated outcomes was defined according to three diagnostic criteria: 1) self-reported; 2) measured by instrument (blood pressure ≥95th percentile for those aged 12–13 y; ≥130/80 mmHg for those aged 14–19 y; ≥140/90 mmHg for those aged ≥20 y) or blood sample analysis (for diabetes: fasting blood glucose ≥126 mg/dL; for high cholesterol: total cholesterol ≥170 mg/dL and/or LDL ≥110 mg/dL for those aged &lt; 20 y; total cholesterol ≥190 mg/dL and/or LDL ≥130 mg/dL for those aged ≥20 y); 3) measured + medication use. Prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated according to complex survey procedures for the total population and by sex and age group (adolescents, adults, and older adults). Results The diabetes prevalence was similar using the three criteria: 10.6% (95% CI 8.6–13.0) using the self-reported criterion; 8.8% (95% CI 7.0–11.0) by measured glucose; and 12.9% (95% CI 10.6–13.6) by measured glucose + medication use. Difference in the prevalence according to the used criteria was observed for high blood pressure: 23.9% (95% CI 20.6–27.6) for self-reported; 29.3% (95% CI 25.9–33.0) by measured; and 38.7% (95% CI 34.7–42.8) by measured blood pressure + medication use, as well as for high cholesterol: 16.6% (95% CI 13.7–20.0) for self-reported; 35.7% (95% CI 31.7–39.9) by measured; and 40.5% (95% CI 36.2–44.9) by measured cholesterol + medication use. Despite different prevalence by sex and age group, a similar pattern was observed for the categories. There was an increase in the prevalence of the outcomes with the increase of the age group, accompanied by a reduction in the difference between self-reported and measured + medication use. Conclusions Different criteria resulted in substantially different prevalence, especially of high blood pressure and cholesterol, in the population of São Paulo city, with the lowest difference among older adults. Funding Sources São Paulo Municipal Health Department, FAPESP, CNPq.

Abstract P151: Primary ASCVD Risk Associated With Undiagnosed Conditions Decreased Over NHANES 1999-2014

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David R Nelson ◽  
Jessica A Davis
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
Diabetes Status ◽  
Ascvd Risk ◽  
Over Time

Introduction: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is a general term for a group of diseases characterized by atherosclerosis that affect the heart and blood vessels. ASCVD is the leading cause of death in the United States contributing to at least 200,000 preventable deaths from heart disease and stroke each year. Cardiovascular disease, heart disease, and stroke mortality has declined since the year 2000, due to broader use of evidence-based therapies and changes to risk factors and lifestyle modifications, but the decline began to slow after 2011. Two main risk factors contributing to ASCVD are high blood pressure and high cholesterol. Efforts have been made to increase control of these factors at the population-level, however, only those who are diagnosed can be treated. While awareness has increased over time, there is still a significant contribution to ASCVD events from those who were undiagnosed but have high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and/or diabetes. Hypothesis: To assess how much of the total U.S. population ASCVD risk is undiagnosed from 1999-2014. Methods: The Pooled Cohort Equations assessed 10-year ASCVD risk, based on age, sex, race, total cholesterol, HDL level, systolic blood pressure, use of blood pressure medication, smoking status, and diabetes status. The undiagnosed risk of the primary risk population (age 40-79 years, without missing values for necessary cholesterol, blood pressure, and glucose measures) from 1999-2014 Continuous National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) was calculated based on self-report questions and clinical measures, after age, sex, race, smoking, and diagnosed risks were accounted for. Linear regression for complex survey data tested whether undiagnosed risk was changing over time. Results: Applying the ASCVD risk equation to the NHANES subset (n=8,763; weighted n=104,421,757), undiagnosed conditions were associated with 10% of the projected ASCVD events. That is, per 100,000 Americans in this subset, 7,747 ASCVD events were estimated over 10-years, and 800 were based on risk from undiagnosed diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, or hypertension. However, ASCVD risk associated with undiagnosed conditions over time decreased (p<0.001), from 1,169 per 100,000 in 1999-2000, to 642 per 100,000 in 2013-2014. Conclusions: NHANES creates a unique opportunity to quantify undiagnosed ASCVD risk in a nationally representative sample. Since 1999, a sizeable portion of the US primary ASCVD risk was based on undiagnosed conditions, however, this proportion of undiagnosed risk decreased over time.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Determinants of hypertension in India based on the 2017 ACC/AHA Guideline: Evidence from the India National Family Health Survey

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel A Abariga ◽  
Hamed Khachan ◽  
Gulam Muhammed Al Kibria
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Family Health ◽  
National Committee ◽  
National Family Health Survey ◽  
Wealth Status ◽  
Absolute Increase ◽  
National Family ◽  
Detection Evaluation

Abstract Objective To estimate the prevalence and determinants of hypertension in India based on a new definition by the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (2017 ACC/AHA) Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults, and compare prevalence estimates with those of the Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC7). Methods We used the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) conducted in India (n= 212, 007). We accounted for the sampling strategy by applying survey weights. Results Prevalence of hypertension among Indians aged 15-49 years was 40.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 40.3-41.0) and 13.0% (95% CI: 12.8-13.2) based on 2017 ACC/AHA and JNC7 guidelines respectively. The overall absolute increase in prevalence was 27.6% (95% CI:27.3-27.9). The absolute changes in crude prevalence of hypertension between the JNC7 and 2017 ACC/AHA guidelines for men and women were 31.4% (95% CI: 30.9-31.9) and 23.7% (95% CI: 23.5-23.9), respectively. As per both guidelines, the overall prevalence was significantly higher among older people , age, male sex, overweight/obesity, higher wealth status, and urban residence. Conclusion Applying the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline to the Indian population led to a significant increase in the proportion of Indians with hypertension. There is also socioeconomic differences in the prevalence of hypertension as per both guidelines. Implementation and expansion of public health efforts for prevention and control strategies for hypertension is warranted.

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