Incidence and associated risk factors for premature death in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study cohort, Iran

ObjectivesTo examine the causes of premature mortality (<70 years) and associated risk factors in the Golestan Cohort Study.DesignProspective.SettingThe Golestan Cohort Study in northeastern Iran.Participants50 045 people aged 40 or more participated in this population-based study from baseline (2004–2008) to August 2017, with over 99% success follow-up rate.Main outcome measuresThe top causes of premature death, HR and their 95% CI and population attributable fraction (PAF) for risk factors.ResultsAfter 444 168 person-years of follow-up (median of 10 years), 6347 deaths were reported, of which 4018 (63.3%) occurred prematurely. Ischaemic heart disease (IHD) accounted for 33.9% of premature death, followed by stroke (14.0%), road injuries (4.7%), stomach cancer (4.6%) and oesophageal cancer (4.6%). Significant risk/protective factors were: wealth score (HR for highest vs lowest quintile: 0.57, PAF for lowest four quintiles vs top quintile: 28%), physical activity (highest vs lowest tertile: 0.67, lowest two tertiles vs top tertile: 22%), hypertension (1.50, 19%), opium use (1.69, 14%), education (middle school or higher vs illiterate: 0.84, illiterate or primary vs middle school or higher: 13%), tobacco use (1.38, 11%), diabetes (2.39, 8%) and vegetable/fruit consumption (highest vs lowest tertile: 0.87, lowest two tertiles vs top tertile: 8%). Collectively, these factors accounted for 76% of PAF in men and 69% in women.ConclusionIHD and stroke are the leading causes of premature mortality in the Golestan Cohort Study. Enhancing socioeconomic status and physical activity, reducing opium and tobacco use, increasing vegetable/fruit consumption and controlling hypertension and diabetes are recommended to reduce premature deaths.

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Complement Components sC5b-9 and CH50 Predict Prognosis in Heart Failure Patients Combined With Hypertension

American Journal of Hypertension ◽

10.1093/ajh/hpz140 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 53-60 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wenyuan Wang ◽

Dinghua Cai

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Heart Failure ◽

Good Accuracy ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Premature Death ◽

Poor Quality ◽

Control Group ◽

Complement Components ◽

Leading Role ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Abstract BACKGROUND Heart failure (HF), resulting from inflammation and vessel injury, is one of the leading causes of poor quality of life and premature death. The complement system plays a leading role in vessel integrity and inflammation response. However, the association between serum complement level and the prognosis of HF remains unclear. METHODS In our study, a total of 263 newly diagnosed hypertension patients with HF were included. Eight classical cardiovascular risk factors were collected, and plasma C3a, C3b, C5a, sC5b-9, and CH50 levels were detected. RESULTS Compared with the control group, plasma C5a (P<0.001), sC5b-9 (P<0.001), and CH50 (P = 0.004) levels of hypertension patients with HF were significantly increased. On the basis of univariate analysis, an older age, higher frequency of alcohol consumption, high level of body mass index, medium or high risk of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes were poor prognostic factors whereas low levels of C5a, sC5b-9, and CH50 were associated with favorable overall survival (OS). When these factors fit into a multivariate regression model, patients with hyperlipidemia (P = 0.002, hazard ratio [HR] = 3.09), N-terminal pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide (NT-pro-BNP) ≥ 14.8 (P < 0.001, HR = 11.14), sC5b-9 level ≥ 1,406.2 µg/ml (P = 0.180, HR = 5.51) or CH50 level ≥ 294.6 µg/ml (P < 0.001, HR = 4.57) remained statistically factors for worsened OS and regarded as independent risk factors. These independently associated risk factors were used to form an OS estimation nomogram. Nomogram demonstrated good accuracy in estimating the risk, with a bootstrap-corrected C index of 0.789. CONCLUSIONS sC5b-9 and CH50 levels are increased in hypertension patients with HF. Nomogram based on multivariate analysis has good accuracy in estimating the risk of OS.

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Premature death and associated risk factors in urban middle-aged men

The American Journal of Medicine ◽

10.1016/0002-9343(84)90096-2 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 77 (3) ◽

pp. 418-426 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Bo Petersson ◽

Erik Trell ◽

Bertil Hood

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Premature Death ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Associated Risk Factors

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Incidence and Predicted Risk Factors of Pressure Ulcers in Surgical Patients: Experience at a Medical Center in Taipei, Taiwan

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2014/416896 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Ling Fu Shaw ◽

Pao-Chu Chang ◽

Jung-Fen Lee ◽

Huei-Yu Kung ◽

Tao-Hsin Tung

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Pressure Ulcers ◽

Medical Center ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Nursing Intervention ◽

Initial Study ◽

Surgical Patients ◽

Study Cohort ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Type Of Surgery

Purpose. To explore the context of incidence of and associated risk factors for pressure ulcers amongst the population of surgical patients.Methods. The initial study cohort was conducted with a total of 297 patients admitted to a teaching hospital for a surgical operation from November 14th to 27th 2006 in Taipei, Taiwan. The Braden scale, pressure ulcers record sheet, and perioperative patient outcomes free from signs and symptoms of injury related to positioning and related nursing interventions and activities were collected.Results. The incidence of immediate and thirty-minute-later pressure ulcers is 9.8% (29/297) and 5.1% (15/297), respectively. Using logistic regression model, the statistically significantly associated risk factors related to immediate and thirty-minute-later pressure ulcers include operation age, type of anesthesia, type of operation position, type of surgery, admission Braden score, and number of nursing intervention after adjustment for confounding factors.Conclusion. Admission Braden score and number of nursing intervention are well-established protected factors for the development of pressure ulcers. Our study shows that older operation age, type of anesthesia, type of operation position, and type of surgery are also associated with the development of pressure ulcers.

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Prevalence and risk factors of preoperative deep venous thrombosis in closed patella fracture: a prospective cohort study

Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research ◽

10.1186/s13018-021-02558-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Zhanchao Tan ◽

Hongzhi Hu ◽

Zhongzheng Wang ◽

Yuchuan Wang ◽

Yingze Zhang

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Venous Thrombosis ◽

Deep Venous Thrombosis ◽

Study Cohort ◽

Patella Fracture ◽

Total Hospital Stay ◽

Stay Time ◽

Independent Risk Factors ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

D Dimer

Abstract Background The preoperative prevalence of deep venous thromboembolism (DVT) of patella fracture is not well established. The study aimed to investigate the preoperative prevalence, the associated risk factors, and the locations of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in patients with closed patella fracture. Methods Patients who sustained closed patella fracture between January 1, 2016, and April 1, 2019, were included. Blood analyses and ultrasonography of bilateral lower extremities were routinely performed. Data of demographics, comorbidities, mechanism of injury, fracture type, total hospital stay, time from injury to DVT, and laboratory indexes were prospectively collected and compared between groups with and with non-DVT. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the independent risk factors of DVT. Results Among the study cohort of 790 patients, 35 cases occurred in preoperative DVTs, indicating a prevalence of 4.4%, with 3.2% distal and 1.2% proximal DVT. Age ≥ 65 years old (OR, 3.0, 95% CI, 1.1–8.1), D-dimer > 0.5 mg/L (OR, 2.3, 95% CI, 1.1–4.8), and albumin < 35 g/L (OR, 2.5, 95% CI, 1.2–5.3) were identified to be risk factors of DVT in closed patella fracture. Among the DVTs, 30 cases (85.7%) occurred in the injured extremity, 3 cases (8.6%) in bilateral extremities, and 2 cases (5.7%) solely in the uninjured extremity. Conclusion The prevalence of preoperative DVT in closed patella fracture was 4.4%, with 3.2% for distal and 1.2% for proximal DVT. We recommend individualized risk stratification and early anticoagulation for patients with risk factors (age ≥ 65 years, D-dimer > 0.5 mg/L and albumin < 35g/L).

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A Brief Review of Cardiovascular Diseases, Associated Risk Factors and Current Treatment Regimes

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612825666190925163827 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (38) ◽

pp. 4063-4084 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Gagan D. Flora ◽

Manasa K. Nayak

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Premature Death ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Current Treatment ◽

Lipid Lowering ◽

Substantial Contribution ◽

Lifestyle Modifications ◽

Global Epidemic ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of premature death and disability in humans and their incidence is on the rise globally. Given their substantial contribution towards the escalating costs of health care, CVDs also generate a high socio-economic burden in the general population. The underlying pathogenesis and progression associated with nearly all CVDs are predominantly of atherosclerotic origin that leads to the development of coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, venous thromboembolism and, peripheral vascular disease, subsequently causing myocardial infarction, cardiac arrhythmias or stroke. The aetiological risk factors leading to the onset of CVDs are well recognized and include hyperlipidaemia, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, smoking and, lack of physical activity. They collectively represent more than 90% of the CVD risks in all epidemiological studies. Despite high fatality rate of CVDs, the identification and careful prevention of the underlying risk factors can significantly reduce the global epidemic of CVDs. Beside making favorable lifestyle modifications, primary regimes for the prevention and treatment of CVDs include lipid-lowering drugs, antihypertensives, antiplatelet and anticoagulation therapies. Despite their effectiveness, significant gaps in the treatment of CVDs remain. In this review, we discuss the epidemiology and pathology of the major CVDs that are prevalent globally. We also determine the contribution of well-recognized risk factors towards the development of CVDs and the prevention strategies. In the end, therapies for the control and treatment of CVDs are discussed.

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