scholarly journals Which urban communities are susceptible to COVID-19? An empirical study through the lens of community resilience

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunyu Shi ◽  
Liao Liao ◽  
Huan Li ◽  
Zhenhua Su
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Community Resilience ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Social Resilience ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Effective Response ◽  
Spatial Resilience ◽  
The City ◽  
Risk Communities

Abstract Background After the lockdown of Wuhan on January 23, 2020, the government used community-based pandemic prevention and control as the core strategy to fight the pandemic, and explored a set of standardized community pandemic prevention measures that were uniformly implemented throughout the city. One month later, the city announced its first lists of “high-risk” communities and COVID-19-free communities. Under the standardized measures of pandemic prevention and mitigation, why some communities showed a high degree of resilience and effectively avoided escalation, while the situation spun out of control in other communities? This study investigated: 1) key factors that affect the effective response of urban communities to the pandemic, and 2) types of COVID-19 susceptible communities. Methods This study employs the crisp-set qualitative comparative analysis method to explore the influencing variables and possible causal condition combination paths that affect community resilience during the pandemic outbreak. Relying on extreme-case approach, 26 high-risk communities and 14 COVID-19 free communities were selected as empirical research subjects from the lists announced by Wuhan government. The community resilience assessment framework that evaluates the communities’ capacity on pandemic prevention and mitigation covers four dimensions, namely spatial resilience, capital resilience, social resilience, and governance resilience, each dimension is measured by one to three variables. Results The results of measuring the necessity of 7 single-condition variables found that the consistency index of “whether the physical structure of the community is favorable to virus transmission” reached 0.9, which constitutes a necessary condition for COVID-19 susceptible communities. By analyzing the seven condition configurations with high row coverage and unique coverage in the obtained complex solutions and intermediate solutions, we found that outbreaks are most likely to occur in communities populated by disadvantaged populations. However, if lacking spatial-, capital-, and governance resilience, middle-class and even wealthy communities could also become areas where COVID-19 spreads easily. Conclusions Three types of communities namely vulnerable communities, alienated communities, and inefficient communities have lower risk resilience. Spatial resilience, rather than social resilience, constitutes the key influencing factor of COVID-19-susceptible communities, and the dual deficiencies of social resilience and governance resilience are the common features of these communities.

scholarly journals At-a-glance - Supervised Injection Services: a community-based response to the opioid crisis in the City of Ottawa, Canada

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 112-115
Author(s):  
Sarah DelVillano ◽  
Margaret de Groh ◽  
Howard Morrison ◽  
Minh T. Do
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Harm Reduction ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Harm Reduction Service ◽  
Opioid Crisis ◽  
Supervised Injection ◽  
Safe Injection ◽  
The City ◽  
Risk Communities

In response to the current opioid crisis in Canada, establishing safe injection services (SIS) in high risk communities has become more prevalent. In November 2017, The Trailer opened in Ottawa, Canada and tracks client use, overdose treatment and overdoses reversed. We analyzed data collected between November 2017 and August 2018. During peak hours, demand for services consistently exceeded The Trailer’s capacity. Overdoses treated and reversed in this facility increased substantially during this period. Results suggest The Trailer provided an important though not optimal (due to space restrictions) harm reduction service to this high-risk community.

СТРУКТУРА, МОДЕЛИ И СТРАТЕГИИ УЧАСТИЯ ГОРОДСКИХ СООБЩЕСТВ В КОНФЛИКТАХ

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
А. И. Кольба ◽  
Н. В. Кольба
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Municipal Government ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
City Government ◽  
Expert Interviews ◽  
Competitive Strategies ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
The City

The article describes the structural characteristics of the urban communities of the city of Krasnodar and the related features that impact their participation in urban conflicts. This issue is considered in a number of scientific publications, but there is a need to expand the empirical base of such studies. On the base of expert interviews conducted with both city activists, their counterparty (representatives of the municipal government) and external observers (journalists), the parameters of urban communities functioning in the process of their interaction with other conflict actors are revealed. The communities characteristics such as the predominantly territorial principle of formation, the overlap of online and offline communications in their activities, the presence of a “core” with a relatively low number of permanent participants and others are determined. Their activities are dominated by neighborly and civilian models of participation in conflicts. The possibilities of realizing one’s own interests through political interactions (participation in elections, the activities of representative bodies of power, political parties) are not yet sufficiently understood. Urban communities, as a rule, operate within the framework of conventional forms of participation in solving urgent problems, although in some cases it is possible to use confrontational methods, in particular, protest ones. In this regard, the most often used compromise, with the desire for cooperation, a strategy of behavior in interaction with opponents. The limited activating role of conflicts in the activities of communities has been established. The weak manifestation of the civil and especially political component in their activities determines the preservation of a low level of political subjectivity. This factor restrains the growth of urban communities resources and the possibility of applying competitive strategies in interaction with city government and business.

Managing an Enterprise and Ethical Dilemmas in Accountancy

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-151
Author(s):  
Jolanta Wiśniewska
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Business Management ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Quality Of Information ◽  
Economic Entity ◽  
A Company

The purpose of this article is to present the correlation between management of an economic entity and the development of ethical accounting dilemmas in the era of high-risk business. In the globalisation era and recurring economic crises, realisation of the objectives of a company takes place under high risk conditions. It is therefore necessary to use a proper management system. The necessary condition for making all decisions is to have relevant information. The value and relevance of these decisions depend on the quality of information which they have been based on. Lack of ethics in accounting has a direct impact on the company's management, which is based on information generated by the accounting system of the company. Ethical dilemmas arising in accounting are also ethical dilemmas arising in the process of business management. 

Harry Beck's London Underground Map

Transfers ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Schwetman
Keyword(s):  
Urban Communities ◽  
Transit Networks ◽  
The World ◽  
London Underground ◽  
Societal Structure ◽  
The City

After Harry Beck designed his map of the London Underground, it became an icon of the city and a model for maps in other large transit networks around the world. The map allowed its readers to see themselves as components of the large, organized structure of the metropolis but also confronted them with the possibility of losing themselves to that structure. An analysis of the post-Beck subway map tradition shows it to be a battleground between the zeal for order and the latent chaos at the heart of the urban communities that the map represents and also situates this conflict in a larger context of the emergence of a global societal structure bound together by the control of capital and of the information that enables such control.

Avaliação do Perfil Nutricional dos Funcionários das Equipes Estratégia Saúde da Família e Núcleo de Apoio a Saúde da Família do Município de Pedralva – MG/ Evaluation of the Nutritional Profile of Workers from the Family Health Strategy Team and the Supp

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 12-21
Author(s):  
Ana Isabel da Silva Ferreira ◽  
Edna Slob
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
Nutritional Profile ◽  
Health Strategy ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Health Strategy ◽  
The City

Objetivo: Avaliar o perfil nutricional das equipes da Estratégia Saúde da Família e do Núcleo de Apoio a Saúde da Família do município de Pedralva. Materiais e métodos: Estudo descritivo, analítico, transversal, realizado com 42 profissionais que compõem as equipes Estratégias Saúde da Família (ESF) e Núcleo de Apoio a Saúde da Família (NASF) no município de Pedralva/MG. Foram coletados dados antropométricos, como peso, altura e circunferências corporais e aplicado um formulário de frequência do consumo alimentar, para avaliar os hábitos alimentares desses profissionais Resultados: Quanto ao estado nutricional, 40,5% dos funcionários se encontravam eutróficos, 40,5% com sobrepeso e 19% com obesidade. Em relação ao risco de doenças cardiovascular, analisando a circunferência abdominal, 9% não apresentou risco, 24% dos funcionários tinham risco elevado e 67%, risco muito elevado; ao se utilizar a relação cintura quadril, encontrou-se 76% dos funcionários sem risco e 24% com risco. De acordo com o inquérito alimentar, observou frequente consumo de arroz, feijão, salada, salgados e carne, pouco consumo de frutas, legumes e peixes. Conclusão: medidas preventivas devem ser tomadas, a fim de evitar que o quadro atual do perfil antropométrico dessa população se torne ainda mais comprometedor, além de garantir melhoria da qualidade de vida dos mesmos.  Palavras-chave: Avaliação nutricional. Estado nutricional. Inquérito alimentar.  ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the nutritional profile of the teams of the Family Health Strategy and Support Center for Family Health in the city of Pedralva. Materials and methods: descriptive, analytical, transversal study performed with 42 professionals that make up the teams of the Family Health Strategy (FHS) and the Support Center for Family Health (NASF) in the city of Pedralva/MG. Anthropometric data such as weight, height and body circumferences were collected and a questionare about the frequency of food consumption was applied to assess the dietary habits of these Professional Results: Regarding nutritional status, 40.5% of employees were normal weight, 40.5% overweight and 19% obese. Regarding the risk of cardiovascular diseases, analyzing abdominal circumference, 9% showed no risk, 24% of employees had high risk and 67%, very high risk; when using the waist-hip ratio, we found 76% of employees with no risk and 24% at risk. According to food survey observed frequent consumption of rice, beans, salad, savory meat and little consumption of fruits, vegetables and fish. Conclusion: Preventive measures should be taken to prevent the current situation of anthropometric profile of this population from becoming even more engaging and also ensure improved quality of life for them.  Keywords: Nutritional evaluation. Nutritional status. Dietary survey. 

scholarly journals An Alternative Risk Assessment Model of Urban Waterlogging: A Case Study of Ningbo City

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 826
Author(s):  
Meiling Zhou ◽  
Xiuli Feng ◽  
Kaikai Liu ◽  
Chi Zhang ◽  
Lijian Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Risk Assessment Model ◽  
Risk Area ◽  
The North ◽  
Coastal Cities ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
The City

Influenced by climate change, extreme weather events occur frequently, and bring huge impacts to urban areas, including urban waterlogging. Conducting risk assessments of urban waterlogging is a critical step to diagnose problems, improve infrastructure and achieve sustainable development facing extreme weathers. This study takes Ningbo, a typical coastal city in the Yangtze River Delta, as an example to conduct a risk assessment of urban waterlogging with high-resolution remote sensing images and high-precision digital elevation models to further analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of waterlogging risk. Results indicate that waterlogging risk in the city proper of Ningbo is mainly low risk, accounting for 36.9%. The higher-risk and medium-risk areas have the same proportions, accounting for 18.7%. They are followed by the lower-risk and high-risk areas, accounting for 15.5% and 9.6%, respectively. In terms of space, waterlogging risk in the city proper of Ningbo is high in the south and low in the north. The high-risk area is mainly located to the west of Jiangdong district and the middle of Haishu district. The low-risk area is mainly distributed in the north of Jiangbei district. These results are consistent with the historical situation of waterlogging in Ningbo, which prove the effectiveness of the risk assessment model and provide an important reference for the government to prevent and mitigate waterlogging. The optimized risk assessment model is also of importance for waterlogging risk assessments in coastal cities. Based on this model, the waterlogging risk of coastal cities can be quickly assessed, combining with local characteristics, which will help improve the city’s capability of responding to waterlogging disasters and reduce socio-economic loss.

scholarly journals Facilitating fine-grained intra-urban dengue forecasting by integrating urban environments measured from street-view images

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kang Liu ◽  
Ling Yin ◽  
Meng Zhang ◽  
Min Kang ◽  
Ai-Ping Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Feature Vector ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Environmental Feature ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Environmental Features ◽  
Street View ◽  
The City ◽  
Dengue Epidemic

Abstract Background Dengue fever (DF) is a mosquito-borne infectious disease that has threatened tropical and subtropical regions in recent decades. An early and targeted warning of a dengue epidemic is important for vector control. Current studies have primarily determined weather conditions to be the main factor for dengue forecasting, thereby neglecting that environmental suitability for mosquito breeding is also an important factor, especially in fine-grained intra-urban settings. Considering that street-view images are promising for depicting physical environments, this study proposes a framework for facilitating fine-grained intra-urban dengue forecasting by integrating the urban environments measured from street-view images. Methods The dengue epidemic that occurred in 167 townships of Guangzhou City, China, between 2015 and 2019 was taken as a study case. First, feature vectors of street-view images acquired inside each township were extracted by a pre-trained convolutional neural network, and then aggregated as an environmental feature vector of the township. Thus, townships with similar physical settings would exhibit similar environmental features. Second, the environmental feature vector is combined with commonly used features (e.g., temperature, rainfall, and past case count) as inputs to machine-learning models for weekly dengue forecasting. Results The performance of machine-learning forecasting models (i.e., MLP and SVM) integrated with and without environmental features were compared. This indicates that models integrating environmental features can identify high-risk urban units across the city more precisely than those using common features alone. In addition, the top 30% of high-risk townships predicted by our proposed methods can capture approximately 50–60% of dengue cases across the city. Conclusions Incorporating local environments measured from street view images is effective in facilitating fine-grained intra-urban dengue forecasting, which is beneficial for conducting spatially precise dengue prevention and control.

scholarly journals Targeted vs universal provision of support in high-risk communities: comparison of characteristics in two populations recruited to parenting interventions

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy Hutchings ◽  
Nia Griffith ◽  
Tracey Bywater ◽  
Margiad Elen Williams ◽  
Helen Baker-Henningham
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Parenting Interventions ◽  
Risk Communities ◽  
Two Populations

THE CONCEPT OF CO-INHERENCE IN THE WORK OF CHARLES WILLIAMS

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-128
Author(s):  
O.B. Lukmanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Church Fathers ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
City Of God ◽  
Holy Trinity ◽  
Close Study ◽  
Unique Interpretation ◽  
Refusal To Participate ◽  
Charles Williams ◽  
The City

The article examines the concept of coinherence (or co-inherence) as one of the central and unifying concepts in the life and work of Charles Stansby Williams (1886 – 1945), English poet, writer, and literary critic, also known as “the third Inkling” in conjunction with C .S. Lewis and J.R.R. Tolkien. Through a close study of the writer’s biography and letters as well as his poetry, novels, theological treatises and essays we trace the origin of the term “coinherence,” borrowed from the Church Fathers in the meaning of mutual indwelling of the Persons of the Holy Trinity, uncover the unique interpretation that Williams gave to the term, and look at various ways he used to integrate it into his writing. Understanding coinherence as a fundamental ontological principle of comprehensive mutual interdependence, exchanged life, and substitution as direct fulfillment of the Gospel commandment “to carry each other’s burdens,” Williams portrays it as a necessary condition of any truly human existence and expounds its universal nature on every level of life, from childbirth to money as a means of exchange, to mutual services of empathy, to intercessory prayer, and to self-sacrifice for another’s sake. In his thinking, people can carry each other’s burdens even through barriers of space and time, since they are simultaneously co-inherent to each other and to God who exists both outside of time and space and in all time and space. Thus, in his novels Williams often employs a version of Dante’s vertical chronotope of simultaneity, and one of the most important symbols that reflect the nature of coinherence is the City as a web of continuous mutual exchange and substitution, in its turn coinherent to the City of God. Williams portrays refusal to participate in the principle of co-inherence as “descent to hell” which is seen as a gradual unraveling of any personhood and ultimate annihilation.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PERKEMBANGAN EKSTRAKURIKULER FUTSAL DITINGKAT SMP NEGERI KOTA BENGKULU

KINESTETIK ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-229
Author(s):  
Tri Rahmadianti ◽  
Tono Sugihartono ◽  
Ari Sutisyana
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Middle School ◽  
Extracurricular Activities ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
City State ◽  
The City

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perkembangan ekstrakurikuler futsal. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian deskriptif. Subjek penelitian adalah 9 SMP Negeri di Kota Bengkulu. Instrumen penelitian ini adalah Observasi, Angket, dan Dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase perkembangan futsal ekstrakurikuler di SMP Negeri Bengkulu berkembang 6 sekolah 66,66%, belum berkembang 3 sekolah 33,33%. Setelah mendapatkan persentase data maka dapat dilakukan perbandingan perkembangan ekstrakurikuler futsal di SMP Negeri Kota Bengkulu tingkat bengkulu 6:3. Berdasarkan perolehan data perkembangan ekstrakurikuler futsal di Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri Bengkulu harus memperhatikan indikator yang baik seperti peran siswa, pelatih yang kompeten, manajemen yang baik, fasilitas, metode pelatihan. Jadi hasil data yang diperoleh dari sembilan sekolah ada 6 sekolah yang memiliki indikator baik. Sementara 3 sekolah belum terlihat perkembangan indikator yang belum memenuhi proses mendukung pengembangan futsal ekstrakurikuler.Kata Kunci : Perkembangan, Ekstrakurikuler, FutsalAbstractThis study aims to determine the development of futsal extracurricular activities. The method used is descriptive research method. The research subjects were 9 Middle Schools in the City of Bengkulu. The instruments of this study are Observation, Questionnaire, and Documentation. The results showed that the percentage of extracurricular futsal development in Bengkulu State Middle School grew by 6 schools 66.66%, not yet developed 3 schools 33.33%. After getting the percentage of data, we can compare the development of futsal extracurricular activities at Bengkulu City State Middle School bengkulu level 6: 3. Based on data obtained from the development of futsal extracurricular activities in Bengkulu State Junior High School, it must pay attention to good indicators such as competent students, good management facilities, training methods. So the results of data obtained from nine schools have 6 schools that have good indicators. While 3 schools stated that there were no developments in indicators that had not met the process of supporting the development of extracurricular futsal.Keywords: Development, Extracurricular, Futsal

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