Temperature and current flow effects of different electrode placement in shoulder capacitive-resistive electric transfer applications: a cadaveric study

Abstract Background Impingement syndrome is currently estimated to represent 60% of all shoulder pain disorders. Capacitive-Resistive electric transfer therapy is aimed to provoke temperature and current flow changes in superficial and deep tissues. This in vitro study has evaluated the variation of temperature and current flow in the shoulder tissues during two different areas of application of the movable capacitive-resistive electric transfer electrode. Methods A cross-sectional study designed, five fresh cryopreserved cadavers (10 shoulders) were included in this study. Four interventions (capacitive and resistive modes; low- and high-power) were performed for 5 min each by a diathermy “T-Plus” device in two shoulder regions: postero-superior and antero-lateral. Supraspinatus tendon, glenohumeral capsule and superficial temperatures were recorded at 1-min intervals and 5 min after treatment. Results A statistically significant difference was found only for the superficial area and time interaction, with high power-resistive application at the postero-superior shoulder area (P< 0.035). All the applications showed a 5 min after treatment temperature increase compared with the basal data, in all the application points. Superficial temperature in the high power-resistive application showed the greatest percent increase (42.93% ± 22.58), followed by the temperature in the tendon area with the same high power-resistive application (22.97% ± 14.70). The high power-resistive application showed the greatest percent of temperature increase in the applications, reaching 65.9% ± 22.96 at 5-min at the superficial level, and 32% ± 24.25 at 4-min at the level of the supraspinatus tendon. At the capsule level, high power-resistive was also the application that showed the greatest percent of increase, with 21.52% ± 16.16. The application with the lowest percent of temperature increase was the low power-capacitive, with a mean value of 4.86% at supraspinatus tendon level and 7.47% at capsular level. Conclusion The shoulder postero-superior or antero-lateral areas of application of capacitive-resistive electric transfer did not cause statistically significant differences in the temperature changes in either supraspinatus tendon or glenohumeral capsule tissues in cadaveric samples. The high power-resistive application in the postero-superior area significantly increased superficial temperature compared with the same application in the antero-lateral position area.

Download Full-text

Are the Effects in Temperature and Current Flow Dependent on the Areas of Electrode Application of Capacitive-resistive Electric Transfer on the Shoulder? A Cadaveric Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-103518/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jacobo Rodríguez-Sanz ◽

Carlos López-de-Celis ◽

César Hidalgo-García ◽

Max Canet-Vintró ◽

Pablo Fanlo-Mazas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Power ◽

Temperature Increase ◽

Current Flow ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Supraspinatus Tendon ◽

Lateral Position ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Glenohumeral Capsule

Abstract Background Impingement syndrome is currently estimated to represent 60% of all shoulder pain disorders. Capacitive-Resistive electric transfer therapy is aimed to provoke temperature and current flow changes in superficial and deep tissues. This in vitro study has evaluated the variation of temperature and current flow in the shoulder tissues during two different areas of application of the movable capacitive-resistive electric transfer electrode. Methods A cross-sectional study designed, five fresh cryopreserved cadavers (10 shoulders) were included in this study. Four interventions (capacitive and resistive modes; low- and high-power) were performed for 5 minutes each by a diathermy “T-Plus” device in two shoulder regions: postero-superior and antero-lateral. Supraspinatus tendon, glenohumeral capsule and superficial temperatures were recorded at 1-min intervals and 5 min after treatment. Results A statistically significant difference was found only for the superficial area and time interaction, with high power-resistive application at the postero-superior shoulder area (P < 0.035). All the applications showed a final temperature increase compared with the basal data, in all the application points. Superficial temperature in the high power-resistive application showed the greatest percent increase (42.93% ± 22.58), followed by the temperature in the tendon area with the same high power-resistive application (22.97% ± 14.70). The high power-resistive application showed the greatest percent of temperature increase in the applications, reaching 65.9% ± 22.96 at 5-min at the superficial level, and 32% ± 24.25 at 4-min at the level of the supraspinatus tendon. At the capsule level, high power-resistive was also the application that showed the greatest percent of increase, with 21.52% ± 16.16. The application with the lowest percent of temperature increase was the low power-capacitive, with a mean value of 4.86% at supraspinatus tendon level and 7.47% at capsular level. Conclusion The shoulder postero-superior or antero-lateral areas of application of capacitive-resistive electric transfer did not cause statistically significant differences in the temperature changes in either supraspinatus tendon or glenohumeral capsule tissues in cadaveric samples. The high power-resistive application in the postero-superior area significantly increased superficial temperature compared with the same application in the antero-lateral position area.

Download Full-text

In vitro human masseter muscle hypersensitivity: a possible explanation for increase in masseter tone

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1996.80.5.1547 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 80 (5) ◽

pp. 1547-1553 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

P. J. Adnet ◽

H. Reyford ◽

B. M. Tavernier ◽

T. Etchrivi ◽

I. Krivosic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Masseter Muscle ◽

Fiber Type ◽

Vastus Lateralis ◽

Threshold Concentration ◽

Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽

Type I ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Maximal Tension

To determine whether a difference in fiber-type caffeine and Ca2+ sensitivities exists between human masseter and vastus lateralis skeletal muscle, we compared the fiber-type caffeine sensitivities in chemically skinned muscle fibers from 13 masseter and 18 vastus lateralis muscles. Caffeine sensitivity was defined as the threshold concentration inducing > 10% of the maximal tension obtained after the fiber was loaded with a 1.6 x 10(-2) mM Ca2+ solution for 30 s. Significant difference in the mean caffeine sensitivity was found between type I masseter fibers [2.57 +/- 1.32 (SD) mM] vs. type I (6.02 +/- 1.74 mM) and type II vastus lateralis fibers (11.25 +/- 3.13 mM). Maximal Ca(2+)-activated force per cross-sectional area was significantly different between masseter and vastus lateralis fibers. However, the Ca2+ concentration corresponding to half-maximal tension (pCa50) was not significantly different between type I masseter (pCa50 5.9 +/- 0.02) and type I vastus lateralis muscle (pCa50 6.01 +/- 0.08). These results suggest that the increase in caffeine sensitivity of masseter muscle reflects the presence of a low reactivity threshold of the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of Dentin Defect Formation during Retreatment with Hand and Rotary Instruments: A Micro-CT Study

Scanning ◽

10.1155/2017/4868603 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ayca Yilmaz ◽

Dilek Helvacioglu-Yigit ◽

Cansu Gur ◽

Handan Ersev ◽

Gullu Kiziltas Sendur ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Defect Formation ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Gutta Percha ◽

Rotary Instruments ◽

Longitudinal Length ◽

Root Canal Retreatment ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Length Changes

The purpose of this study was to compare the incidence and longitudinal propagation of dentin defects after gutta-percha removal with hand and rotary instruments using microcomputed tomography. Twenty mandibular incisors were prepared using the balanced-force technique and scanned in a 19.9 μm resolution. Following filling with the lateral compaction technique, gutta-percha was removed with ProTaper Universal Retreatment (PTUR) or hand instruments. After rescanning, a total of 24,120 cross-sectional images were analyzed. The numbers, types, and longitudinal length changes of defects were recorded. Defects were observed in 36.90% of the cross sections. A total of 73 defects were comprised of 87.67% craze lines, 2.73% partial cracks, and 9.58% fractures. No significant difference in terms of new defect formation was detected between the retreatment groups. The apical and middle portions of the roots had more dentin defects than the coronal portions. Defects in three roots of the PTUR instrument group increased in length. Under the conditions of this in vitro study, gutta-percha removal seemed to not increase the incidence of dentin defect formation, but the longitudinal defect propagation finding suggests possible cumulative dentinal damage due to additional endodontic procedures. Hand and rotary instrumentation techniques caused similar dentin defect formation during root canal retreatment.

Download Full-text

Difference of calcium levels in Javanese, Madurese, and Chinese preeclamptic women

Majalah Obstetri & Ginekologi ◽

10.20473/mog.v25i32017.86-91 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 86

Author(s):

Nuzulul Azizah Ramdan Wulandari ◽

Ernawati Ernawati ◽

Muhammad Ilham Aldika Akbar

Keyword(s):

Calcium Level ◽

Clinical Pathology ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Total Calcium ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Clinical Chemical ◽

Hospital Sample

Objectives: To analyse difference of calcium levels and charac-teristics between Javanese, Madurese, and Chinese pre-eclamptic women that affects preeclampsia incidence.Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with preeclamptic patients in Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Dr. M. Soewan-dhie Hospital, and Universitas Airlangga Hospital as sample. Sample was taken by measuring total calcium level in blood serum before receiving MgSO4 using in vitro clinical chemical dimension method in the Laboratory of Clinical Pathology in Dr. Soetomo Hospital. Sample was taken using consecutive sampling. Sample size 53 preeclamptic women as participants of this study, divided into three groups of Javanese, Madurese, and Chinese.Results: There were 53 preeclampsia patients, with mean ages: Javanese 31.21±5.76, Madurese 34.20±5.58, and Chinese 28.20 ±2.16. Mean BMI: Javanese 31.19±5.99, Madurese 27.66±4.74, and Chinese 26.24±2.13. We found significant difference in total calcium levels. In Madurese it was 7.7 mg/dL, Javanese was 8.3 mg/dL, and Chinese was 9.0 mg/dL (p=.000).Conclusion: The highest severity of preeclampsia was in the Madurese with low calcium levels. The lowest the calcium level, the worst the severity of the preeclampsia.

Download Full-text

Enamel remineralization by fluoride-releasing materials: proposal of a pH-cycling model

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/s0103-64402010000500012 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 21 (5) ◽

pp. 446-451 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Eliana Rodrigues ◽

Alberto Carlos Botazzo Delbem ◽

Denise Pedrini ◽

Luciana Cavassan

Keyword(s):

Dose Response ◽

Response Relationship ◽

Surface Microhardness ◽

Dose Response Relationship ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Microhardness Test ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Ph Cycling ◽

And Control

This study proposes a pH-cycling model for verifying the dose-response relationship in fluoride-releasing materials on remineralization in vitro. Sixty bovine enamel blocks were selected for the surface microhardness test (SMH1). Artificial caries lesions were induced and surface microhardness test (SMH2) was performed. Forty-eight specimens were prepared with Z 100, Fluroshield, Vitremer and Vitremer ¼ diluted - powder/liquid, and subjected to a pH-cycling model to promote remineralization. After pH-cycling, final surface microhardness (SMH3) was assessed to calculate percent recovery of surface microhardness (%SMHR). Fluoride present in enamel (μg F/mm3) and in the pH-cycling solutions (μg F) was measured. Cross-sectional microhardness was used to calculate mineral content (∆Z). There was no significant difference between Z 100 and control groups on analysis performed on - %SMHR, ∆Z, μg F and mg F/mm3 (p>0.05). Results showed a positive correlation between %SMHR and μg F/mm3 (r=0.9770; p=0.004), %SMHR and μg F (r=0.9939; p=0.0000001), ∆ and μg F/mm3 (r=0.9853; p=0.0002), ∆ and μg F (r=0.9975; p=0.0000001) and between μg F/mm3 and μg F (r=0.9819; p=0.001). The pH-cycling model proposed was able to verify in vitro dose-response relationship of fluoride-releasing materials on remineralization.

Download Full-text

Concentrations of immunoactive inhibin in serum during human pregnancy: evidence for an ovarian contribution

Reproduction Fertility and Development ◽

10.1071/rd9910671 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 3 (6) ◽

pp. 671 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

T Yohkaichiya ◽

D Polson ◽

A O'Connor ◽

S Bishop ◽

P Mamers ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Geometric Mean ◽

First Trimester ◽

Maternal Serum ◽

Singleton Pregnancy ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Vitro Fertilization ◽

Human Pregnancy ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Longitudinal Sampling

Immunoactive inhibin (ir-inhibin) concentrations in maternal serum during normal human pregnancy have been established in two separate studies employing cross-sectional and longitudinal sampling regimes. Ir-inhibin concentrations rose from the mid-luteal phase (geometric mean + 95% confidence intervals 1.490 (1.086-2.028) U mL-1) to peak at week 11 of gestation (3.77 (3.26-4.35) U mL-1), declined to a plateau from 14 to 25 weeks with means ranging from 1.8 to 2.3 U mL-1, and subsequently rose slowly to a peak of 6.53 U mL-1 at 41 weeks. In the longitudinal study, similar results were obtained and no differences were found in maternal inhibin levels in women carrying male or female fetuses. Paired cord blood and maternal samples showed no significant difference in ir-inhibin concentrations irrespective of the sex of the fetus. However, in all such pregnancies amniotic fluid ir-inhibin levels were 2-3 fold greater than maternal or fetal levels raising the possibility that the amnion may secrete inhibin. In 12 women without functional ovaries in whom a singleton pregnancy was achieved by donation of oocytes and in vitro fertilization, the ir-inhibin levels showed a similar pattern in the first trimester of pregnancy but the concentrations achieved were markedly lower (peak 1.1 U mL-1 at 9 weeks). In five women from the group in whom samples were available late in gestation, three showed greater than normal levels and two had subnormal levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Download Full-text

Temporally separated feline calicivirus isolates do not cluster phylogenetically and are similarly neutralised by high-titre vaccine strain FCV-F9 antisera in vitro

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery ◽

10.1177/1098612x19866521 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (6) ◽

pp. 602-607

Author(s):

Shirley L Smith ◽

Maria M Afonso ◽

Gina L Pinchbeck ◽

Rosalind M Gaskell ◽

Susan Dawson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Vaccine Strain ◽

Genetic Distances ◽

Feline Calicivirus ◽

Structural Constraints ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Field Virus ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Two Populations

Objectives Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a highly variable and globally important feline pathogen for which vaccination has been the mainstay of control. Here, we test whether the continued use of FCV-F9, one of the most frequently used vaccine strains globally, is driving the emergence of vaccine-resistant viruses in the field. Methods This study made use of two representative panels of field isolates previously collected from cats visiting randomly selected veterinary practices across the UK as part of separate cross-sectional studies from 2001 and 2013/2014. Phylogenetic analysis and in vitro virus neutralisation tests were used to compare the genetic and antigenic relationships between these populations and FCV-F9. Results Phylogenetic analysis showed a typically radial distribution dominated by 52 distinct strains, with strains from both 2001 and 2013/2014 intermingled. The sequence for FCV-F9 appeared to be integral to this phylogeny and there were no significant differences in the genetic distances within each studied population (intra-population distances), or between them (inter-population distances), or between each population and FCV-F9. A 1 in 8 dilution neutralised 97% and 100% of the 2001 and 2013/14 isolates, respectively, and a 1 in 16 dilution neutralised 87% and 75% of isolates, respectively. There was no significant difference either in variance between the FCV-F9 neutralising titres for the two populations, or in the distribution of neutralisation titres across the two populations. Conclusions and relevance Although FCV is a highly variable virus, we found no evidence for a progressive divergence of field virus from vaccine strain FCV-F9, either phylogenetically or antigenically, with FCV-F9 antisera remaining broadly and equally cross-reactive to two geographically representative and temporally separated FCV populations. We suggest this may be because the immunodominant region of the FCV capsid responsible for neutralisation may have structural constraints preventing its longer term progressive antigenic evolution.

Download Full-text

A high dose of total recombinant FSH suppresses granulosa cell apoptosis and maintains oocyte quality in endometriosis: A cross-sectional study

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.17058.1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 93

Author(s):

Budi Wiweko ◽

Yassin Yanuar Mohammad ◽

Naylah Muna ◽

Kresna Mutia ◽

Julianto Witjaksono ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Total Dose ◽

Oocyte Quality ◽

Fertilization Rate ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

High Dose ◽

Recombinant Fsh ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference

Background: Endometriosis is one of the most common conditions causing infertility and an indication to undergo in vitro fertilization (IVF). High apoptosis rate and oxidative stress in patients with endometriosis are believed to negatively affect the IVF success rate. However, there have been conflicting results on the effect of endometriosis on IVF success, and there have been limited studies that directly assess endometriosis and its effect on oocyte quality. This study was performed to explore the correlation between mRNA BAX/BCL-2 expression and oocyte quality in endometriosis compared to non-endometriosis subjects. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. 15 endometriosis and 15 non-endometriosis subjects were recruited through convenience sampling at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta. All subjects underwent follicle stimulation with recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Granulosa cells were collected and tested for BAX and BCL-2 expression and the results were compared to the oocyte quality and fertilization rate of the patients. Results: The total dose of recombinant FSH received by the endometriosis group was significantly higher compared with that of the non-endometriosis group (p = 0.005). There was a difference in BAX level (p = 0.029) and BCL-2 level (p<0.001) between groups. However, the BAX/BCL-2 ratio did not differ significantly (p = 0.787) between groups. No significant correlation was found between the BAX/BCL-2 ratio and any of the oocyte quality parameters measured. Conclusion: We found that there is a significantly higher dose in total dose recombinant FSH received by the endometriosis group compared with the non-endometriosis group. We also found that there was no significant difference in BAX/BCL-2 ratio between the endometriosis and non-endometriosis groups.

Download Full-text

Effect of acidulated phosphate fluoride – gel and foam – on enamel caries-like lesion of primary teeth: an in vitro study

Journal of Research in Dentistry ◽

10.19177/jrd.v1e42013316-327 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

pp. 316

Author(s):

Karin Faust Souza ◽

Carla Miranda ◽

Izabel Cristina Santos Almeida

Keyword(s):

Primary Teeth ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Hardness Test ◽

Control Group ◽

Micro Hardness ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Enamel Caries ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Ph Cycling

The purpose of this study was to evaluate in vitro the effect of APF, gel and foam, for 1 to 4 minutes, on artificial enamel caries-like lesion of primary teeth submitted to the pH cycling. The specimens with medium values of initial superficial enamel micro-hardness between 272 and 331KHN were selected for the formation of the artificial caries lesion. Later, they were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=15): no pH cycling control, cycled control, gel 1min, gel 4min, foam 1min and foam 4min.The no pH cycling control group was maintained in an humid environment, while the application of APF and the pH cycling were accomplished. After, the specimens were sectioned at the center for the enamel cross-sectional micro-hardness test. The values of micro-hardness of the depths from 20 to 180mm were converted into percentile of mineral volume (%Vol) and the area of mineral recovery (∆ZR) was calculated. In spite of there is no statistically significant differences, it was observed through the analysis of the ∆ZR a difference in the values for the groups gel 1min and foam 4min (p>0.05). The evaluation of %Vol indicated a significant difference only at 60mm depth (p=0.005). This study concluded that a single application of APF gel or foam, for 1 or 4 minutes, do not remineralize artificial enamel caries-like lesion of primary teeth

Download Full-text

Marginal Leakage of Class V Composite Restorations Assessed Using Microcomputed Tomography and Scanning Electron Microscope

Operative Dentistry ◽

10.2341/14-022-l ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 440-448 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

C Rengo ◽

C Goracci ◽

G Ametrano ◽

N Chieffi ◽

G Spagnuolo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cross Sections ◽

Microcomputed Tomography ◽

Rank Test ◽

Micro Ct ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Class V ◽

Composite Restorations ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Scanning Electron

SUMMARY Objective The aim of the study was to compare in Class V composite restorations marginal leakage measurements obtained with microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations. Methods Class V cavities were prepared on 10 human molars and restored using Optibond FL (Kerr, Orange, CA, USA) and Premise Flowable (Kerr). Sealing ability was evaluated by assessing silver-nitrate penetration depth along enamel and dentin margins. Leakage was quantified using a scoring system. Micro-CT analysis provided 502 cross-sectional images for each tooth. Microleakage evaluation was performed first on three cross-sections corresponding to the sections examined by SEM, then on all 502 of the obtained micro-CT images. SEM observations were performed first at 20× magnification, then, if showing a zero score, at 80× magnification. Enamel and dentin microleakage scores assigned to corresponding sections through micro-CT and SEM (20×) were compared (Wilcoxon signed-rank test, α=0.05). Results No statistically significant difference in leakage scores emerged between micro-CT and 20×-magnification SEM. Eight tooth sections that were given a zero score under SEM at 20× magnification showed to be infiltrated at the higher magnification (80×). For five teeth a higher score was assigned following scanning of 502 cross-sections than based on the observation of three sections. Conclusions Micro-CT presents as a valid, nondestructive in vitro method to quantitatively evaluate marginal leakage of adhesive restorations.

Download Full-text