scholarly journals Frankenstein; or, the modern Prometheus: a classic novel to stimulate the analysis of complex contemporary issues in biomedical sciences

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Cambra-Badii ◽  
Elena Guardiola ◽  
Josep-E. Baños
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Health Sciences ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Biomedical Sciences ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Health Sciences Students

Abstract Background Advances in biomedicine can substantially change human life. However, progress is not always followed by ethical reflection on its consequences or scientists’ responsibility for their creations. The humanities can help health sciences students learn to critically analyse these issues; in particular, literature can aid discussions about ethical principles in biomedical research. Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein; or, the modern Prometheus (1818) is an example of a classic novel presenting complex scenarios that could be used to stimulate discussion. Main text Within the framework of the 200th anniversary of the novel, we searched PubMed to identify works that explore and discuss its value in teaching health sciences. Our search yielded 56 articles, but only two of these reported empirical findings. Our analysis of these articles identified three main approaches to using Frankenstein in teaching health sciences: discussing the relationship between literature and science, analysing ethical issues in biomedical research, and examining the importance of empathy and compassion in healthcare and research. After a critical discussion of the articles, we propose using Frankenstein as a teaching tool to prompt students to critically analyse ethical aspects of scientific and technological progress, the need for compassion and empathy in medical research, and scientists’ responsibility for their discoveries. Conclusion Frankenstein can help students reflect on the personal and social limits of science, the connection between curiosity and scientific progress, and scientists’ responsibilities. Its potential usefulness in teaching derives from the interconnectedness of science, ethics, and compassion. Frankenstein can be a useful tool for analysing bioethical issues related to scientific and technological advances, such as artificial intelligence, genetic engineering, and cloning. Empirical studies measuring learning outcomes are necessary to confirm the usefulness of this approach.

Aksiologi Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Manfaatnya Bagi Manusia

Syntax Idea ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 2457
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nasir
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Literature Research ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Technological Advances

In zama then until now the study of philosophy has many orientations that are still abstract, but social life is a reality of life or facts that naturally occur and must be lived byhumans. The purpose of this research is to provide support to other scientific progress processes and try to find answers to human problems arising from rapid technological advances. The answer to science to human needs is the benefits of science for humans. writing this article uses the method of literature research study (Library Research),in addition to using the development ofliteracy and subsequent reading analysis using the method of content analysis  (Contect Analyisis). Science is essentially neutral depending on humans. Axiologically, humans can determine and give judgments about the usefulness or absence of a science. Therefore, in the axiological side, science must make a more beneficial contribution to human life. This journal seeks to explain how axiology as one of the main pillars of philosophy reveals the benefits of science for humans

Human Factors in Four Cases of E-Collaboration in Biomedical Research

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Gray ◽  
Gabrielle Bright ◽  
Ardis Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Biomedical Sciences ◽  
Research Teams ◽  
Internet Technologies ◽  
What Works ◽  
Efficiency And Productivity ◽  
Systematic Thinking

There are compelling arguments for using internet technologies to facilitate research in the biomedical sciences. This project sought to fill a gap in empirical studies of e-collaboration use by biomedical research teams through a study of four cases, based in the research precinct associated with one Australian university, collaborating with international researchers. Researchers were found to hold mixed beliefs and show varying degrees of systematic thinking about how, when and why e-collaboration supported their activities. It appears that researchers need assistance to conceptualise and articulate what works in order to transform their e-collaboration practices to yield increased scientific efficiency and productivity.

scholarly journals Πτυχές της συμβολής της Εκκλησίας της Ελλάδος και της Ορθόδοξης Θεολογίας στην εξέλιξη του βιοηθικού διαλόγου

Bioethica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Ευάγγελος Χανιώτης (Evangelos Chaniotis)
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Human Person ◽  
Biomedical Sciences ◽  
Orthodox Christian ◽  
The People ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bioethical Issues ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Of Greece

The importance of modern biomedical achievements along with the consequent ethical dilemmas, concerning the integrity of human person, incited the Church of Greece to establish a Special Synodical Committee of Bioethics. It was created in order to inform the people of Church responsibly and scientifically regarding all these bioethical issues. Those, however, were already known to Orthodox Theology even since the 1950s, when orthodox theologians, based on patristic theology, became involved in the bioethical dialogue when the issue of assisted reproduction was central. Afterwards, the Bishop of Demetrias Christodoulos (later, the Archbishop of Athens) deal with a wide range of bioethical issues in the light of Orthodox Theology.The Commission has dealt extensively with major ethical issues, such as the moment of death, the mechanical support in ER, the interfering with the normal process of reproduction, the beginning of the human life, the problem of euthanasia, the challenge of man’s intervention in the human genome, creating designer babies, the research and the experimentation on humans, especially on the fetus, the dependence of health on monetary profit, the use of medical technology on humans, thus contributing to the Orthodox Christian Ethics, and the total scientific dialogue.The Church assesses the bioethical issues above, and, through its theological tradition and life, formulates its pastoral advice and guidance hence focusing on vital issues such as the ethical limits in biomedical applications and the criteria that can set them. The Orthodox Bioethics is called to give answers to dilemmas which the biomedical sciences fail to do so or even lead to a deadlock.

Unique views on obesity-related behaviors and environments: research using still and video images (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan Carlson ◽  
J. Aaron Hipp ◽  
Jacqueline Kerr ◽  
Todd Horowitz ◽  
David Berrigan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Image Capture ◽  
Still Images ◽  
Key Informants ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Computer Scientists

BACKGROUND Image based data collection for obesity research is in its infancy. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to document challenges to and benefits from such research by capturing examples of research involving the use of images to assess physical activity- or nutrition-related behaviors and/or environments. METHODS Researchers (i.e., key informants) using image capture in their research were identified through knowledge and networks of the authors of this paper and through literature search. Twenty-nine key informants completed a survey covering the type of research, source of images, and challenges and benefits experienced, developed specifically for this study. RESULTS Most respondents used still images in their research, with only 26.7% using video. Image sources were categorized as participant generated (N = 13; e.g., participants using smartphones for dietary assessment), researcher generated (N = 10; e.g., wearable cameras with automatic image capture), or curated from third parties (N = 7; e.g., Google Street View). Two of the major challenges that emerged included the need for automated processing of large datasets (58.8%) and participant recruitment/compliance (41.2%). Benefit-related themes included greater perspectives on obesity with increased data coverage (34.6%) and improved accuracy of behavior and environment assessment (34.6%). CONCLUSIONS Technological advances will support the increased use of images in the assessment of physical activity, nutrition behaviors, and environments. To advance this area of research, more effective collaborations are needed between health and computer scientists. In particular development of automated data extraction methods for diverse aspects of behavior, environment, and food characteristics are needed. Additionally, progress in standards for addressing ethical issues related to image capture for research purposes are critical. CLINICALTRIAL NA

Psychology: Volume 1

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Psychology ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Cognitive Capability ◽  
Affective Processes ◽  
Abstract Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cognition And Affect

This survey of research on psychology in five volumes is a part of a series undertaken by the ICSSR since 1969, which covers various disciplines under social science. Volume One of this survey, Cognitive and Affective Processes, discusses the developments in the study of cognitive and affective processes within the Indian context. It offers an up-to-date assessment of theoretical developments and empirical studies in the rapidly evolving fields of cognitive science, applied cognition, and positive psychology. It also analyses how pedagogy responds to a shift in the practices of knowing and learning. Additionally, drawing upon insights from related fields it proposes epithymetics–desire studies – as an upcoming field of research and the volume investigates the impact of evolving cognitive and affective processes in Indian research and real life contexts. The development of cognitive capability distinguishes human beings from other species and allows creation and use of complex verbal symbols, facilitates imagination and empowers to function at an abstract level. However, much of the vitality characterizing human life is owed to the diverse emotions and desires. This has made the study of cognition and affect as frontier areas of psychology. With this in view, this volume focuses on delineating cognitive scientific contributions, cognition in educational context, context, diverse applications of cognition, psychology of desire, and positive psychology. The five chapters comprising this volume have approached the scholarly developments in the fields of cognition and affect in innovative ways, and have addressed basic as well applied issues.

The Ethics of AI in Biomedical Research, Patient Care, and Public Health

2020 ◽  
pp. 702-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Blasimme ◽  
Effy Vayena
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Ethical Review ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Healthcare Provision ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Ethical Frameworks

This chapter explores ethical issues raised by the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in the domain of biomedical research, healthcare provision, and public health. The litany of ethical challenges that AI in medicine raises cannot be addressed sufficiently by current regulatory and ethical frameworks. The chapter then advances the systemic oversight approach as a governance blueprint, which is based on six principles offering guidance as to the desirable features of oversight structures and processes in the domain of data-intense biomedicine: adaptivity, flexibility, inclusiveness, reflexivity, responsiveness, and monitoring (AFIRRM). In the research domain, ethical review committees will have to incorporate reflexive assessment of the scientific and social merits of AI-driven research and, as a consequence, will have to open their ranks to new professional figures such as social scientists. In the domain of patient care, clinical validation is a crucial issue. Hospitals could equip themselves with “clinical AI oversight bodies” charged with the task of advising clinical administrators. Meanwhile, in the public health sphere, the new level of granularity enabled by AI in disease surveillance or health promotion will have to be negotiated at the level of targeted communities.

scholarly journals Ethical Issues around Death and Withdrawal of Life Support in Neonatal Intensive Care

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuti Pant
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Brain Injured ◽  
Discharge Against Medical Advice

AbstractAmongst all the traumatic experiences in a human life, death of child is considered the most painful, and has profound and lasting impact on the life of parents. The experience is even more complex when the death occurs within a neonatal intensive care unit, particularly in situations where there have been conflicts associated with decisions regarding the redirection of life-sustaining treatments. In the absence of national guidelines and legal backing, clinicians are faced with a dilemma of whether to prolong life-sustaining therapy even in the most brain-injured infants or allow a discharge against medical advice. Societal customs, vagaries, and lack of bereavement support further complicate the experience for parents belonging to lower socio-economic classes. The present review explores the ethical dilemmas around neonatal death faced by professionals in India, and suggests some ways forward.

scholarly journals Stress Perceived by University Health Sciences Students, 1 Year after COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5233
Author(s):  
Yolanda Marcén-Román ◽  
Angel Gasch-Gallen ◽  
Irene Isabel Vela Martín de la Mota ◽  
Estela Calatayud ◽  
Isabel Gómez-Soria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
University Students ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Health Sciences ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Occupational Therapy Students ◽  
Health Sciences Students ◽  
The Impact

Today’s COVID-19 situation can affect university Health Sciences students’ psychological health. This study aimed to analyze the stress caused by the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Health Sciences students from the University of Zaragoza (Spain) almost 1 year after the pandemic began. This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with a sample of 252 university students who completed a self-administered online questionnaire. It evaluated the impact of perceived stress with a modified scale (PSS-10-C), and assessed anxiety and depression on the Goldberg scale. Students presented stress (13.1%), anxiety (71.4%) and depression (81%). Females (81.7%) and the third-year Occupational Therapy students (p = 0.010) reported perceived stress. Nursing students perceived less stress (OR: 0.148; 95% CI: 0.026 to 0.842). University students developed stress and anxiety due to COVID-19 almost 1 year after the pandemic began. Psychological support measures for these groups should be prioritized.

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