scholarly journals Πτυχές της συμβολής της Εκκλησίας της Ελλάδος και της Ορθόδοξης Θεολογίας στην εξέλιξη του βιοηθικού διαλόγου

Bioethica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Ευάγγελος Χανιώτης (Evangelos Chaniotis)
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Human Person ◽  
Biomedical Sciences ◽  
Orthodox Christian ◽  
The People ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bioethical Issues ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Of Greece

The importance of modern biomedical achievements along with the consequent ethical dilemmas, concerning the integrity of human person, incited the Church of Greece to establish a Special Synodical Committee of Bioethics. It was created in order to inform the people of Church responsibly and scientifically regarding all these bioethical issues. Those, however, were already known to Orthodox Theology even since the 1950s, when orthodox theologians, based on patristic theology, became involved in the bioethical dialogue when the issue of assisted reproduction was central. Afterwards, the Bishop of Demetrias Christodoulos (later, the Archbishop of Athens) deal with a wide range of bioethical issues in the light of Orthodox Theology.The Commission has dealt extensively with major ethical issues, such as the moment of death, the mechanical support in ER, the interfering with the normal process of reproduction, the beginning of the human life, the problem of euthanasia, the challenge of man’s intervention in the human genome, creating designer babies, the research and the experimentation on humans, especially on the fetus, the dependence of health on monetary profit, the use of medical technology on humans, thus contributing to the Orthodox Christian Ethics, and the total scientific dialogue.The Church assesses the bioethical issues above, and, through its theological tradition and life, formulates its pastoral advice and guidance hence focusing on vital issues such as the ethical limits in biomedical applications and the criteria that can set them. The Orthodox Bioethics is called to give answers to dilemmas which the biomedical sciences fail to do so or even lead to a deadlock.

The Unity of Modern Problems

Philosophy ◽  
1929 ◽  
Vol 4 (14) ◽  
pp. 162-179
Author(s):  
John Macmurray
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Common Language ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Many ◽  
Single Question

Of all the sciences, philosophy is the most concrete and comprehensive. The sense of cold, remote spaces which it is apt to generate in us is the result of this very width and concreteness. The philosopher has to condense the many-sided variety of human life and express it through the symbols of a common language. The symbols are at best only semi-transparent. Abstractness descends upon him the moment they become opaque. Philosophy, in fact, is useless to us unless we can see through it. If we cannot, the fault may be ours. If it is the philosopher's, then his failure is a failure to be wide enough or concrete enough. He needs above all to be sympathetically sensitive to the wide range of human interests, because it is this as a whole that he is bidden to systematize. He must give a single answer, and for that he must formulate a single question. Therefore his first problem is to discover the unity of problems.

scholarly journals Postponing Pregnancy Through Oocyte Cryopreservation for Social Reasons: Considerations Regarding Clinical Practice and the Socio-Psychological and Bioethical Issues Involved

Medicina ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mara Simopoulou ◽  
Konstantinos Sfakianoudis ◽  
Panagiotis Bakas ◽  
Polina Giannelou ◽  
Christina Papapetrou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Future Expectations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bioethical Issues ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Complex Matter ◽  
Oocyte Freezing

Oocyte freezing for ‘social reasons’ refers to women of reproductive age who are aiming to prolong, protect and secure their fertility. The term emerged to describe application of the highly promising technique, namely vitrification on oocytes retrieved through controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) from women intending to preserve their fertility for social reasons. These women opt to cryopreserve their oocytes at a point in their life when they need to postpone childbearing on the grounds of so called ‘social’ reasons. These reasons may include a highly driven career, absence of an adequate partner, financial instability, or personal reasons that make them feel unprepared for motherhood. This is a sensitive and multifaceted issue that entails medical, bioethical and socio-psychological components. The latest trend and the apparent increase noted on oocyte freezing for ‘social reasons’ has prompted our team of fertility specialists, embryologists, obstetricians, gynecologists and psychologists to proceed with a thorough, critical and all-inclusive comprehensive analysis. The wide range of findings of this analysis involve concerns of embryology and epigenetics that shape decisions made in the IVF laboratory, issues regarding obstetric and perinatal concerns on the pregnancy concluding from these oocytes and the respective delivery management and neonatal data, to the social and bioethical impact of this trend’s application. This literature review refers to matters rising from the moment the ‘idea’ of this option is ‘birthed’ in a woman’s thoughts, to proceeding and executing it clinically, up until the point of the pediatric follow up of the children born. We aim to shed light to the controversial issue of oocyte freezing, while objectively exhibit all aspects regarding this complex matter, as well as to respectfully approach how could the prospect of our future expectations be shaped from the impact of its application.

Bioethical Issues in Antarctica

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-145
Author(s):  
KENNETH V. ISERSON
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Equipment And Supplies ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Standard Manner ◽  
Bioethical Issues ◽  
Healthcare Situation ◽  
The Antarctic

AbstractThis paper describes the Antarctic environment, the mission and work setting at the U.S. research stations, the general population and living conditions, and the healthcare situation. It also dispels some common misconceptions that persist about this environment and about the scope and quality of medicine practiced there. The paper then describes specific ethical issues that arise in this environment, incorporating examples drawn from both the author’s experiences and those of his colleagues. The ethics of providing healthcare in resource-poor environments implies two related questions. The first is: What can we do with the available resources? This suggests that clinicians must not only know how to use all available equipment and supplies in the standard manner, but also that they must be willing and able to go beyond standard procedures and improvise, when necessary. The second question is: Of all the things we can do, which ones should we do? This paper addresses both questions in relation to Antarctic medical care. It describes the wide range of activities required of healthcare providers and some specific ethical issues that arise. Finally, it suggests some remedies to ameliorate some of those issues.

scholarly journals Frankenstein; or, the modern Prometheus: a classic novel to stimulate the analysis of complex contemporary issues in biomedical sciences

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Cambra-Badii ◽  
Elena Guardiola ◽  
Josep-E. Baños
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Health Sciences ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Biomedical Sciences ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Health Sciences Students

Abstract Background Advances in biomedicine can substantially change human life. However, progress is not always followed by ethical reflection on its consequences or scientists’ responsibility for their creations. The humanities can help health sciences students learn to critically analyse these issues; in particular, literature can aid discussions about ethical principles in biomedical research. Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein; or, the modern Prometheus (1818) is an example of a classic novel presenting complex scenarios that could be used to stimulate discussion. Main text Within the framework of the 200th anniversary of the novel, we searched PubMed to identify works that explore and discuss its value in teaching health sciences. Our search yielded 56 articles, but only two of these reported empirical findings. Our analysis of these articles identified three main approaches to using Frankenstein in teaching health sciences: discussing the relationship between literature and science, analysing ethical issues in biomedical research, and examining the importance of empathy and compassion in healthcare and research. After a critical discussion of the articles, we propose using Frankenstein as a teaching tool to prompt students to critically analyse ethical aspects of scientific and technological progress, the need for compassion and empathy in medical research, and scientists’ responsibility for their discoveries. Conclusion Frankenstein can help students reflect on the personal and social limits of science, the connection between curiosity and scientific progress, and scientists’ responsibilities. Its potential usefulness in teaching derives from the interconnectedness of science, ethics, and compassion. Frankenstein can be a useful tool for analysing bioethical issues related to scientific and technological advances, such as artificial intelligence, genetic engineering, and cloning. Empirical studies measuring learning outcomes are necessary to confirm the usefulness of this approach.

Immigration

Sociology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Bloemraad ◽  
Edwin Lin
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Population Movements ◽  
Human Relationships ◽  
Legal Studies ◽  
Nation States ◽  
The People ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Us ◽  
Almost All

The field of immigration research is broadly interested in understanding why people migrate across international borders, and what the consequences of migration are for the individuals involved, as well as the people and societies they enter and leave behind. In some countries, more than one in five residents were not born in the country where they live, while the economies of other countries are heavily dependent on the money that migrants send back. Migration thus affects a wide range of societies around the globe and can affect almost all aspects of human life. Sociologists consequently seek to explain population movements and state policies of migration control, debate theories of integration across a range of human activities, and consider the consequences of migration for development, national identities, and conceptions of membership in a world increasingly characterized by human relationships that span the borders of contemporary nation-states. Sociologists who work on migration do so in conversation with scholars drawn from many disciplines, including anthropology, demography, economics, ethnic studies, geography, history, legal studies, and political science. Given that the sociological field of migration studies is fundamentally interdisciplinary, any bibliography must be multidisciplinary, and it will invariably provide only a very small snapshot of the whole. The snapshot below, to remain manageable, is restricted to English-language publications, and it provides greater coverage of the US case than of other countries or regions of the world.

scholarly journals TAMAN KELINCI SEBAGAI WAHANA REKREASI DAN EDUKASI DENGAN PENERAPAN ARSITEKTUR BERKELANJUTAN DI KARANGANYAR

Arsitektura ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dindha Nirmalasari ◽  
Hadi Setyawan ◽  
Bambang Triratma
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Sustainable Architecture ◽  
Tourist Attractions ◽  
The People ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Moment

<p><em>Rabbits are classified as a mammal in the order Lagomorpha. Rabbit offers various potentials and benefits yet still unnoticeable by many. As cosmopolitan animal, the mammal adapts easily into wide range of habitats. Karanganyar is an example where one may find rabbits’ rearing and breeding industries. At the moment, such industries limit their operation to merely provide the demands of rabbits meat. Moreover, Directorate of Livestock and Animal Health of Karanganyar states rabbit farmers in the area (specifically Tawangmangu) once underwent livestock failure.Karanganyar Government plans to create several leisure- and education-based tourist attractions to diversify its tourism industry, which in turn directly contribute to people’s welfare. Based on the notion, a Taman Kelinci is proposed as a way to harness rabbits’ potentials. Its plan and design utilise sustainable architecture methodology since it fits the purpose of symbiotical relations between the environmental, economical, social, and cultural matters; the realisation of the design will benefit the people economically without neglecting other aspects stated beforehand. The Taman Kelinci is an effort to explore rabbits’ potentials  as well as to attract and benefit people – which covers four issues that is education, leisure, conservation, and marketing. </em><em></em></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em>:</em><em> Education, Leisure</em><em>, </em><em>Rabbit, Sustainable Architecture</em><em>. </em></p>

Research Participation Experiences of Informants of Suicide and Control Cases

Crisis ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 238-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul W. C. Wong ◽  
Wincy S. C. Chan ◽  
Philip S. L. Beh ◽  
Fiona W. S. Yau ◽  
Paul S. F. Yip ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Research Participation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Psychological Autopsy ◽  
Autopsy Study ◽  
The People ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Background: Ethical issues have been raised about using the psychological autopsy approach in the study of suicide. The impact on informants of control cases who participated in case-control psychological autopsy studies has not been investigated. Aims: (1) To investigate whether informants of suicide cases recruited by two approaches (coroners’ court and public mortuaries) respond differently to the initial contact by the research team. (2) To explore the reactions, reasons for participation, and comments of both the informants of suicide and control cases to psychological autopsy interviews. (3) To investigate the impact of the interviews on informants of suicide cases about a month after the interviews. Methods: A self-report questionnaire was used for the informants of both suicide and control cases. Telephone follow-up interviews were conducted with the informants of suicide cases. Results: The majority of the informants of suicide cases, regardless of the initial route of contact, as well as the control cases were positive about being approached to take part in the study. A minority of informants of suicide and control cases found the experience of talking about their family member to be more upsetting than expected. The telephone follow-up interviews showed that none of the informants of suicide cases reported being distressed by the psychological autopsy interviews. Limitations: The acceptance rate for our original psychological autopsy study was modest. Conclusions: The findings of this study are useful for future participants and researchers in measuring the potential benefits and risks of participating in similar sensitive research. Psychological autopsy interviews may be utilized as an active engagement approach to reach out to the people bereaved by suicide, especially in places where the postvention work is underdeveloped.

HAKEKAT PENDIDIK DALAM PANDANGAN ISLAM

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-29
Author(s):  
Mukroji Mukroji
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Educational Success ◽  
The People

Basically, Islamic education is a continuous, sustainable, and everlasting process of human life. Duties and functions of education are targeted at learners who continue to grow and evolve dynamically, starting from the womb until the end of life. Educational success cannot be separated from the educators, who are essentially the people having the responsibility to educate, guide, direct and lead their learners to get of success both in this world and in the hereafter. Therefore, qualified educators and professionals should have specific criteria and requirements that must be met in order to achieve the purpose of life, and also the properties that adorn his personal duty and responsibility as educators in the view of Islam. A good educator is a person who pays attention to the duties and responsibilities to the students, based on faith and piety to God, and also able to develop the potentials of either the inner or outer (physical, psychological, and spiritual). Pada hakikatnya, pendidikan Islam adalah suatu proses yang berlangsung secara kontinyu dan berkesinambungan dalam kehidupan manusia dan berlangsung sepanjang hayat. Tugas dan fungsi pendidikan memiliki sasaran pada peserta didik yang senantiasa tumbuh dan berkembang secara dinamis, mulai dari kandungan sampai akhir hayatnya dan keberhasilan pendidikan tidak lepas dari aspek pendidik. Pendidik pada hakekatnya adalah orang yang telah mendapatkan amanat dan mempunyai tanggung jawab dunia akherat dalam mendidik, membimbing, mengarahkan dan mengantarkan peserta didik ke gerbang kesuksesan baik di dunia maupun di akherat. Oleh karena itu untuk menjadi pendidik yang berkualitas dan profesional harus memiliki kriteria dan persyaratan tertentu yang harus dipenuhi dalam rangka pencapaian tujuan hidup dan juga sifat-sifat yang menghiasi pribadinya dalam menjalankan tugas dan tanggungjawab sebagai pendidik dalam pandangan Islam. Pendidik yang baik adalah pendidik yang memperhatikan tugas dan tanggung jawabnya terhadap peserta didik, yang dilandasi iman dan taqwa kepada Allah SWT, dan juga mampu mengembangkan potensi yang ada baik lahir maupun batin (jasmani, psikis, maupun rohani).

Industrial Labour Force of Russia in 20-30s of XX Century in Russian Historiography

2020 ◽  
pp. 431-449
Author(s):  
Oleg V. Shekatunov ◽  
Konstantin G. Malykhin
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Russian Industry ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Potential Formation ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Force Potential ◽  
Modern Russian

The article is devoted to the specifics of studying the industrial labour force of Russia in the 1920s - 1930s in Russian historiography. The various stages of study from the 1920s through the 1930s and up to the last years are concerned. The relevance of the study is due to several factors. These include contradictions in the assessments of Bolshevik modernization of the 1920s and 1930s; projected labour force shortages in modern Russia; as well as the existing labour force shortage in industry at the moment. This determines the relevance of studying the historical period, which was characterized by the most acute personnel problems in the country. The novelty of the study is due to the fact that in modern Russian historiography there is no holistic, integrated view of the problems of the labour force potential formation of Russian industry in the 1920s and 1930s. It is noted that there is no research aimed at analyzing the historiography of these problems. The main stages of the study of industrial labour force are highlighted. The analysis of scientific works correlated with each stage of the study of the topic is performed. The problems and methodology of each stage are considered. A review of a wide range of scientific papers both articles and thesis is presented.

An Exploration of Elements of Folklore in Ntuli’s Translation of Mandela’s Long Walk to Freedom

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rose Masubelele
Keyword(s):  
Human Activities ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
The People ◽  
Story Pattern

 The telling of stories forms an integral part of human activities. It dominated pre-modern cultures and is still a human preoccupation today. All aspects of human life may be turned into a story, which may take one of many forms. Stories may be original creations in the language and culture in which they are told, or they may be derived—that is, they may be taken from another language and culture. Whatever the case, the people who are telling or retelling the story pattern the language they use in a manner that will arouse interest in their audience. It is against the backdrop of retelling stories that this article examines Ntuli’s use of elements of folklore in his translation of Mandela’s Long Walk to Freedom. The elements to be explored in Ntuli’s translation include proverbs and idioms. Gottschall’s notion of The storytelling animal underpins the discussions in this article. Accordingly, the article demonstrates how the use of the elements of folklore helped the translator to adorn his work in order to assert his presence in the text and to relate the receptor to modes of behaviour relevant to their culture. 

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