scholarly journals Factors associated with the preference of institutional delivery after antenatal care attendance in Northwest Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Araya Mesfin Nigatu ◽  
Kassahun Alemu Gelaye
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Institutional Delivery ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Place Of Delivery ◽  
Factors Associated

Abstract Background Even though maternal mortality during the time of delivery can be prevented with proper medical care in the health facilities with skilled healthcare professionals, unexpectedly death is still high and is a persistent challenge for low-income countries. Therefore identifying factors affecting the preference of institutional delivery after antenatal care service attendance is a key intervention to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality. Method A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted using face to face using interviewer-administered questionnaire from a total of 528 women who gave their last birth within 12 months prior to the study period who attended antenatal care (ANC) services. Descriptive statistics, bivariable and multivariable logistic regressions analysis were performed. Statistical significance was considered at p < 0.05 and odds ratio with 95% CI were calculated to examine factors associated with institutional delivery. Results Of the 528 pregnant women attending ANC services, 250 (47.3%) gave birth in health facilities (95% CI: 43.2, 51.7%). Urban residence [AOR = 7.8, 95% CI: 4.1, 15.6], four or more ANC visits [AOR = 4.5, 95% CI: 1.6, 12.3], those who got health education on ANC [AOR = 2.9, 95% CI: 1.5, 5.6] and decision on place of delivery with her partner agreement [AOR = 3.3, 95% CI: 1.3, 8.7] were found to be contributing factors for the preference of institutional delivery. Conclusion Institutional delivery was not adequate. Residence, number of antenatal care visits, health education, decisions making on a place of delivery and having awareness of the difference of place of delivery were contributing factors for the preference of institutional delivery.

scholarly journals Prevalence and associated factors of neurodevelopmental disability among infants in eastern Uganda: a population based study

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gertrude Namazzi ◽  
Helena Hildenwall ◽  
Paul Mubiri ◽  
Claudia Hanson ◽  
Christine Nalwadda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disability ◽  
Eastern Uganda

Abstract Background Neurodevelopmental disability (NDD) is increasingly acknowledged as one of the important causes of disease burden in low income countries. None the less, there is a dearth of data on the burden of NDD and its determinants in these settings. We aimed to establish the prevalence and factors associated with NDD among infants in Eastern Uganda. Methods We assessed 487 infants aged 9–12 months within Iganga-Mayuge Health Demographic Surveillance Site in Eastern Uganda using the Malawi Developmental Assessment Tool. The tool has four domains: gross motor, fine motor, language and social domains. An infant failed a domain if she/he failed more than two parameters of the expected at his/her age. We interviewed mothers on factors that could influence the infants’ neurodevelopmental outcomes. Data were analysed using STATA version 14. We used odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals to assess statistical significance of associations. Results Of the 487 infants, 62(12.7%) had an NDD in at least one of the domains. The most affected was social behaviour where 52(10.7%) infants had an NDD. Severe impairment was seen among 9(1.8%) infants with NDD in either three or four domains. Factors associated with NDD at multivariate logistic regression included: parity of more than three children (aOR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.02–3.18); failure to cry at birth (aOR = 3.6, 95% CI: 1.46–9.17) and post-neonatal complications (aOR = 4.15, 95% CI: 1.22–14.10). Low birth weight, immediate and exclusive breast feeding were not significantly associated with NDD. Conclusion We found a high NDD burden among infants particularly in the social behaviour domain. To optimise the socio-neural development of infants, programs are needed to educate and work with families on how to engage and stimulate infants. Existing immunisation clinics and community health worker strategies provide an excellent opportunity for stemming this burden.

scholarly journals Factors associated with health facility utilization during childbirth among 15 to 49-year-old women in Uganda: evidence from the Uganda demographic health survey 2016

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Quraish Sserwanja ◽  
David Mukunya ◽  
Milton W. Musaba ◽  
Joseph Kawuki ◽  
Freddy Eric Kitutu
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Health Facility ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Wealth Quintile ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Factors Associated

Abstract Background Almost all maternal deaths and related morbidities occur in low-income countries. Childbirth supervised by a skilled provider in a health facility is a key intervention to prevent maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Our study aimed to establish the factors associated with health facility utilization during childbirth in Uganda. Methods We used the Uganda Demographic and Health Survey 2016 data of 10,152 women aged 15 to 49 years. The study focused on their most recent live birth in 5 years preceding the survey. We applied multistage stratified sampling to select study participants and we conducted multivariable logistic regression to establish the factors associated with health facility utilization during childbirth, using SPSS (version 25). Results The proportion of women who gave birth at a health facility was 76.6% (7780/10,152: (95% confidence interval, CI, 75.8–77.5). The odds of women aged 15–19 years giving birth at health facilities were twice as those of women aged 40 to 49 years (adjusted odds ratio, AOR = 2.29; 95% CI: 1.71–3.07). Residing in urban areas and attending antenatal care (ANC) were associated with health facility use. The odds of women in the northern region of Uganda using health facilities were three times of those of women in the central region (AOR = 3.13; 95% CI: 2.15–4.56). Women with tertiary education (AOR = 4.96; 95% CI: 2.71–9.11) and those in the richest wealth quintile (AOR = 4.55; 95% CI: 3.27–6.32) had higher odds of using a health facility during child birth as compared to those with no education and those in the poorest wealth quintile, respectively. Muslims, Baganda, women exposed to mass media and having no problem with distance to health facility had higher odds of utilizing health facilities during childbirth as compared to Catholic, non Baganda, women not exposed to mass media and those having challenges with distance to access healthcare. Conclusion Health facility utilization during childbirth was high and it was associated with decreasing age, increasing level of education and wealth index, urban residence, Northern region of Uganda, ANC attendance, exposure to mass media, tribe, religion and distance to the nearby health facility. We recommend that interventions to promote health facility childbirths in Uganda target the poor, less educated, and older women especially those residing in rural areas with less exposure to mass media.

scholarly journals Socio-demographic factors associated with early antenatal care visits among pregnant women in Malawi: 2004-2016

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wingston Ng'ambi ◽  
Joseph Collins ◽  
Tim Colbourn ◽  
Tara Mangal ◽  
Andrew Phillips ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Ratio Test ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Economic Position ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

INTRODUCTION: In 2016, the WHO published recommendations increasing the number of recommended antenatal care (ANC) visits per pregnancy from four to eight. Prior to the implementation of this policy, coverage of four ANC visits has been suboptimal in many low-income settings. In this study we explore socio-demographic factors associated with early initiation of first ANC contact and attending at least four ANC visits (ANC4+) in Malawi using the Malawi Demographic and Health Survey (MDHS) data collected between 2004 and 2016, prior to the implementation of new recommendations. METHODS: We combined data from the 2004/5, 2010 and 2015/16 MDHS using Stata version 16. Participants included all women surveyed between the ages of 15-49 who had given birth in the five years preceding the survey. We conducted weighted univariate, bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis of the effects of each of the predictor variables on the binary endpoint of the woman attending at least four ANC visits and having the first ANC attendance within or before the four months of pregnancy (ANC4+). To determine whether a factor was included in the model, the likelihood ratio test was used with a statistical significance of P< 0.05 as the threshold. RESULTS: We evaluated data collected in surveys in 2004/5, 2010 and 2015/6 from 26386 women who had given birth in the five years before being surveyed. The median gestational age, in months, at the time of presenting for the first ANC visit was 5. The proportion of women initiating ANC4+ increased from 21.3% in 2004-5 to 38.8% in 2015-16. From multivariate analysis, there was increasing trend in ANC4+ from women aged 20-24 years to women aged 45-49 years compared to those aged 15-19 years. Women from richest socio-economic position were more likely to demonstrate ANC4+ than those from low socio-economic position. Additionally, women who had completed secondary and tertiary education were more likely to report having ANC4+ than those with no formal education. Conversely increasing parity was associated with a reduction in likelihood of ANC4+ with women who had previously delivered 2-3, 4-5 or greater than 6 children being less likely to demonstrate ANC4+. CONCLUSION: The proportion of women reporting ANC4+ and of key ANC interventions in Malawi have increased significantly since 2004. However, we found that most women did not access the recommended number of ANC visits in Malawi, prior to the 2016 WHO policy change which may mean that women are less likely to undertake the 2016 WHO recommendation of 8 contacts per pregnancy. Additionally, our results highlighted significant variation in coverage according to key socio-demographic variables which should be considered when devising national strategies to ensure that all women access the appropriate frequency of ANC visits during their pregnancy.

scholarly journals Overweight/Obesity and Associated Factors Among Second Cycle Primary School Children in Kirkos Sub-City, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 216495612110178
Author(s):  
Kidus Fitsum ◽  
Gudina Egata ◽  
Melake Demena ◽  
Berhe Gebremichael
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Private School ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Public Health Issue

Background Although overweight/obesity is becoming a public health issue in low income countries, there is a paucity of evidence concerning overweight/obesity in Ethiopia. The aim of the study was to assess the magnitude of overweight/obesity and associated factors among second cycle primary school children in Kirkos Sub-City, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods A school based cross-sectional study was conducted among 482 children from May to June, 2019. Data were collected using a questionnaire and checklist. Data were entered using EpiData version 3.1 and exported into SPSS version 22.0. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were done to identify factors associated with overweight/obesity. Level of statistical significance was declared at p ≤ 0.05. Results The overall magnitude of overweight/obesity was 21.2%. The magnitude of overweight was 13.7% while obesity was 7.5%. Vehicle availability, being from private school, not having friend(s), preferring sweet foods, eating breakfast irregularly, watching movies/Television while eating and physical inactivity were the factors significantly associated with overweight/obesity among second cycle primary school children. Conclusions The magnitude of overweight/obesity was high in the study area. Therefore, health and education sectors should promote healthy lifestyle to curb child overweight/obesity.

Impact of Social Isolation on Physical Activity and Factors Associated With Sedentary Behavior in Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Giovana Z. Mazo ◽  
Felipe Fank ◽  
Pedro S. Franco ◽  
Bruna da Silva Vieira Capanema ◽  
Franciele da Silva Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Moderate Physical Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Impact

The objective was to analyze the impact of social isolation on moderate physical activity and factors associated with sedentary behavior of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. This was a cross-sectional study involving 111 older adults (aged 71.0 ± 6.87 years). The data were collected at two time points: in November 2019 and in June 2020. There was a decline in moderate physical activity when the minutes/week were compared before and during social isolation (p < .001). Sedentary behavior was associated with the condition of living alone. Older adults who lived alone were 3.29 times more likely to spend 4 hr or more in sedentary behavior than those who lived with a partner (95% confidence interval [1.01, 10.74]). Government agencies must establish PA-related health promotion strategies, especially in developing and low-income countries. Therefore, home exercises need to be encouraged to prevent the consequences of this pandemic period.

scholarly journals The quantity-quality tradeoff: a cross-national, longitudinal analysis of national student-faculty ratios in higher education

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Buckner ◽  
You Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Faculty Roles ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Past ◽  
Enrollment Rates ◽  
National Trends ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Cross National

Abstract This article analyzes cross-national trends in national student-faculty ratios (SFRs) over the past five decades. In descriptive analyses, we find that SFRs have increased globally, driven by particularly large increases in low-income countries. We analyze two cross-national datasets to examine factors associated with national SFRs. We find that national SFRs are positively associated with gross tertiary enrollment rates and particularly so in low-income countries. In contrast, both the female share of faculty and research spending are associated with having lower national SFRs. The findings shed light on how national higher education systems are responding to massification pressures and suggest that differentiating faculty roles is one way that countries curb their rising SFRs as enrollments grow.

Reducing the distance to walk: establishing a remote maternity facility in Runga, Hoima District, Uganda

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Rhiannon Grindle ◽  
Sofia Giannopoulou ◽  
Harriet Jacobs ◽  
Jerome Barongo ◽  
Alexandra Elspeth Cairns
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Health Facility ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Care Quality ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Birth Attendance

Despite a substantial reduction in global maternal mortality, rates in low-income countries remain unacceptably high. Multiple contributing factors exist, grouped into three delays: health-seeking behaviour; accessibility of care; quality of care. In the Hoima District, rates of health facility delivery and skilled birth attendance remain low and maternal mortality exceeds the national average. Establishing the Midwives At Maternity Azur Clinic (February 2017) has addressed these issues at a local level. Health education and antenatal care are provided at the clinic, encouraging women to seek timely, appropriate intrapartum care. Access from surrounding villages is facilitated by a waiting home and weekly transport for antenatal care, alongside transport to a health facility with a staffed operating theatre, when required. It is run by a resident midwife, with regular training updates, and is stocked with the necessary resources for quality healthcare. Since its advent, village leaders report all-cause burials have reduced from one a day to one a week.

scholarly journals Return to Treatment in the Formal Health Care Sector: Evidence from Tanzania

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achyuta Adhvaryu ◽  
Anant Nyshadham
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Health Care Sector ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
Health Goal ◽  
Public Health Goal ◽  
Formal Health Care

Improving access to the formal health care sector is a primary public health goal in many low-income countries. But the returns to this access are unclear, given that the quality of care at public health facilities is often considered inadequate. We exploit temporal and geographic variation in the cost of traveling to formal sector health facilities to show that treatment at these facilities improves short-term health outcomes for acutely ill children in Tanzania. Our results suggest that these improvements are driven in part by more timely receipt of and better adherence to antimalarial treatment. (JEL I11, I12, I15, I18, J13, O15)

scholarly journals Physical Activity and Associated Socioeconomic Determinants in Rural and Urban Tanzania: Results from the 2012 WHO-STEPS Survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fredirick L. Mashili ◽  
Gibson B. Kagaruki ◽  
Joseph Mbatia ◽  
Alphoncina Nanai ◽  
Grace Saguti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Steps Survey

Background. Physical inactivity contributes to the rising prevalence of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Given the rapidly increasing prevalence of NCDs in Low-Income Countries (LICs), comprehensive evaluation and documentation of physical activity (PA) status in this setting are crucial. Methods. We examined the demographic and social-economic antecedents of PA among adults (5398) from the 2012 Tanzania STEPS survey data. Statistical significance at the level of 0.05 was used to measure the strength of associations. Results. Majority of study participants attained the WHO-recommended levels of physical activity (96.7%). Levels were higher among those living in rural than in urban settings (98% versus 92%,  p<0.0001) and generally, urban residency, female gender, higher education achievement, and employment were significantly associated with low levels of PA. Participation in the different domains of PA (work, transport, and recreational) varied with living setting, levels of education, and employment status. Conclusion. These results describe PA status and associated social-economic determinants among adults in rural and urban Tanzania. The findings contribute to the growing evidence that implicates urbanization as a key driver for the growing prevalence of physical inactivity in LICs and underscore the need for tailored PA interventions based on demography and social-economic factors.

scholarly journals Reversible Long Term Contraceptives Utilization among Married Women of Reproductive Age Group in Areka Town, Southern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samson Kastro Dake ◽  
Temesgen Lera Abiso
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

BACKGROUND፡ In low income countries, bearing many children is the main factor affecting maternal health. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of reversible long term contraceptives utilization and identify factors associated with it among married women of child bearing age in Areka District in South EthiopiaMETHODS: We conducted a community-based cross-sectional survey involving systematically recruited 346 married women of reproductive age group. Data was collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire on May 2019. We used SPSS version 25 for data entry and analyses. Bivariate logistic regression analysis was used to select exposure variables with crude association. Multivariate analysis was done to control for potential confounders and identify predictors of the outcome. Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI)was reported, and statistical significance was declared at p<0.05.RESULTS: The prevalence of reversible long term contraceptives utilization among married women of reproductive age group was 134(38.7%). Utilization of Reversible Long Term Contraceptives (RLTCs) was positively associated with being protestant Christian religion follower, advanced educational status, history of abortion, and having a better attitude towards reversible long term contraceptives. In other words, being housewife, being daily laborer, having no radio in the household and making fertility decisions alone were negatively associated.CONCLUSION: The prevalence of RLTCs in the study area was high. Women should be empowered educationally through other alternative opportunities to formal school. In addition to electronic media, different community events and community conversations should be used to convey messages on contraceptives particularly RLTCs. Behavioral change communications would benefit women in shaping their attitudestowards RLTCs.

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