Social norms, attitudes and access to modern contraception for adolescent girls in six districts in Uganda

Abstract Background Social norms continue to be entrenched in Uganda. Understanding social norms helps to uncover the underlying drivers that influence attitudes and behavior towards contraceptive access and use. This study therefore seeks to investigate the factors that influence the social norm – access to contraception by adolescent girls – in six districts in Uganda. Data and methods: Using data from a community cross-sectional survey in six districts (Amudat, Kaberamaido, Kasese, Moroto, Tororo and Pader) in Uganda, a binary logistic regression model was fitted to examine the variation in individual beliefs and socio-economic and demographic factors on ‘allowing adolescent girls to access contraception in a community’ – we refer to as a social norm. Results Results demonstrate that a higher proportion of respondents hold social norms that inhibit adolescent girls from accessing contraception in the community. After controlling for all variables, the likelihood for adolescent girls to be allowed access to contraception in the community was higher among respondents living in Kaberamaido (OR = 2.58; 95 %CI = 1.23–5.39), Kasese (OR = 2.62; 95 %CI = 1.25–5.47), Pader (OR = 4.35; 95 %CI = 2.15–8.79) and Tororo (OR = 9.44; 95 %CI = 4.59–19.37), those aged 30–34 years likely (OR = 1.73; 95 %CI = 1.03–2.91). However, the likelihood for respondents living in Moroto to agree that adolescent girls are allowed to access contraception was lower (OR = 0.27; 95 %CI = 0.11–0.68) compared to respondents living in Amudat. Respondents who were not formally employed (OR = 0.63; 95 %CI = 0.43–0.91), and those who agreed that withdrawal prevents pregnancy (OR = 0.45; 95 %CI = 0.35–0.57) were less likely to agree that adolescent girls are allowed to access contraception in the community. Respondents who agreed that a girl who is sexually active can use contraception to prevent unwanted pregnancy (OR = 1.84; 95 %CI = 1.33–2.53), unmarried women or girls should have access to contraception (OR = 2.15; 95 %CI = 1.61–2.88), married women or girls should have access to contraception (OR = 1.55; 95 %CI = 0.99–2.39) and women know where to obtain contraception for prevention against pregnancy (OR = 2.35; 95 %CI = 1.19–4.65) were more likely to agree that adolescent girls are allowed to access contraception. Conclusions The findings underscore the need for context specific ASRH programs that take into account the differences in attitudes and social norms that affect access and use of contraception by adolescents.

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Perceived psychosocial health and its sociodemographic correlates in times of the COVID-19 pandemic: a community-based online study in China

Infectious Diseases of Poverty ◽

10.1186/s40249-020-00770-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Gan-Yi Wang ◽

Shang-Feng Tang

Keyword(s):

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Well Being ◽

Psychosocial Health ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Western China ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Online Study ◽

Sociodemographic Correlates

Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been affecting people's psychosocial health and well-being through various complex pathways. The present study aims to investigate the perceived psychosocial health and its sociodemographic correlates among Chinese community-dwelling residents. Methods This cross-sectional survey was carried out online and using a structured questionnaire during April 2020. In total, 4788 men and women with the age range of 11–98 years from eight provinces in eastern, central and western China were included in the analysis. We adopted a tactical approach to capture three key domains of perceived psychosocial health that are more likely to occur during a pandemic including hopelessness, loneliness, and depression. Multiple regression method, binary logistic regression model and variance inflation factor (VIF) were used to conduct data analysis. Results Respectively 34.8%, 32.5% and 44.8% of the participants expressed feeling more hopeless, lonely, and depressed during the pandemic. The percentage of all three indicators was comparatively higher among women than among men: hopelessness (50.7% vs 49.3%), loneliness (52.4% vs 47.6%), and depression (56.2% vs 43.8%). Being married was associated with lower odds of loneliness among men (odds ratio [OR] = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.45–0.90). Loneliness was negatively associated with smoking (OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.45–0.99) and positively associated with drinking (OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.04–2.02). Compared with those in the lowest income bracket (< CNY 10 000), men (OR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.21–0.55) and women (OR = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.23–0.56) in the highest level of annually housed income (> CNY 40 000) had the lowest odds of reporting perceived hopelessness (OR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.25–0.48). Smoking also showed negative association with depression only among men (OR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.43–0.91). Conclusions More than one-third of the participants reported worsening in the experience of hopelessness and loneliness, with more than two-fifth of worsening depression during the pandemic compared with before the outbreak. Several socioeconomic and lifestyle factors were found to be associated with the outcome variables, most notably participants' marital status, household income, smoking, alcohol drinking, existing chronic conditions. These findings may be of significance to treat patients and help them recover from the pandemic.

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Prevalence of Dysmenorrhea and its Associated Factors among Adolescent Girls Studying in Technical Schools of Dang, Nepal

Journal of Health and Allied Sciences ◽

10.37107/jhas.182 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 24-29

Author(s):

Nirdesh Baidhya ◽

Damaru Prasad Paneru

Keyword(s):

Family History ◽

Adolescent Girls ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Management Practices ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

P Value ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Early Menarche ◽

Technical Schools

Introduction: Dysmenorrhea is a gynecological disorder and more often a cause of shame, anxiety and embarrassment among female adolescents. The prevalence of dysmenorrhea worldwide ranges 15.8-89.5%, with higher prevalence rates reported among adolescent female. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of dysmenorrhea and its associated factors among adolescent girls studying in Council for Technical Education and Vocational Training (CTEVT) at Ghorahi Sub-metro Politian Dang, Nepal. Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional analytical study was carried out from February, 2019 to August, 2019 among adolescent girls in technical schools of Dang, Nepal. Self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from 452 adolescent girls and only 375 adolescent girls were included in the study. Census method was adopted. Data were checked, coded and entered into Epi-data (version 3.1) and transferred to SPSS (version 20) for analysis. Univariate, bivariate and multi variable analyses were carried out. Binary logistic regression model were computed and P value < 0.05 was considered as significant. All ethical procedures were considered. Results: The prevalence of dysmenorrhea was 75.2%, among them half of the respondents experienced moderate pain (50.7%), followed by mild (26.6%) and severe (22.7%). Family history of dysmenorrhea, AOR (95% CI) = 7.657 (4.036, 14.528), early menarche AOR (95% CI) = 15.662 (7.583, 32.351), underweight AOR (95% CI) = 0.361 (0.149, 0.874) had statistically significant association with the dysmenorrhea. Conclusion: Three-quarters of the adolescent girls experienced dysmenorrhea. Dysmenorrhea among adolescent girls is associated with family history, early menarche, whereas underweight was found to be protective factors for the occurrence of dysmenorrhea. All girls entering into menarchhe should be oriented with dysmenorrhea management practices to maintain physical, physiological and psycho- social health.

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Prevalence and socio-economic determinants of inadequate dietary diversity among adolescent girls and boys in Bangladesh: findings from a nationwide cross-sectional survey

Journal of Nutritional Science ◽

10.1017/jns.2021.89 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Author(s):

Fahmida Akter ◽

Md Mokbul Hossain ◽

Abu Ahmed Shamim ◽

Md Showkat Ali Khan ◽

Mehedi Hasan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adolescent Girls ◽

Maternal Education ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Household Wealth ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Economic Determinants ◽

Adolescent Girls And Boys ◽

Context Specific

Abstract Malnutrition among adolescents is often associated with inadequate dietary diversity (DD). We aimed to explore the prevalence of inadequate DD and its socio-economic determinants among adolescent girls and boys in Bangladesh. A cross-sectional survey was conducted during the 2018–19 round of national nutrition surveillance in Bangladesh. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify the determinants of inadequate DD among adolescent girls and boys separately. This population-based survey covered eighty-two rural, non-slum urban and slum clusters from all divisions of Bangladesh. A total of 4865 adolescent girls and 4907 adolescent boys were interviewed. The overall prevalence of inadequate DD was higher among girls (55⋅4 %) than the boys (50⋅6 %). Moreover, compared to boys, the prevalence of inadequate DD was higher among the girls for almost all socio-economic categories. Poor educational attainment, poor maternal education, female-headed household, household food insecurity and poor household wealth were associated with increased chances of having inadequate DD in both sexes. In conclusion, more than half of the Bangladeshi adolescent girls and boys consumed an inadequately diversified diet. The socio-economic determinants of inadequate DD should be addressed through context-specific multisectoral interventions.

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Factors associated with accelerated resting heart rate among college freshmen：a cross-sectional study

10.1101/2020.07.31.20165969 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Qiqi You ◽

Tiantian Wang ◽

Qingqing Jiang ◽

Qiumei Zhang ◽

Shiyi Cao

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Influencing Factors ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Rural Students ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

The University

Abstract Objective This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of accelerated resting heart rates (RHRs) among freshmen in a university in Wuhan and to explore the influencing factors. Methods We conducted a cross sectional survey and physical examinations in a university in Wuhan from 2015 to 2017, including 12428 freshmen. A binary logistic regression model was undertaken to identify the influencing factors associated with their accelerated RHRs. Results The prevalence of accelerated RHRs was 47.5% among the 12428 freshmen surveyed. Accelerated RHR of freshmen was related to female (odds ratio [OR]: 1.484, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.368 to 1.610, P < 0.001) and high blood pressure (OR: 2.709, 95% CI: 2.212 to 3.318, P < 0.001). Compared with rural students, accelerated RHR was more likely to occur in urban students (OR: 1.452, 95% CI: 1.333 to 1.583, P < 0.001). Additionally, students who came from the central and the eastern regions (OR: 1.452, 95% CI: 1.254 to 1.682, P < 0.001; OR: 1.363, 95% CI: 1.149 to 1.618, P < 0.001), rather than who came from the western regions, were more likely to have accelerated RHRs. Conclusions Students with accelerated RHRs made up a high proportion of college freshmen entering the university in 2015 to 2017 in Wuhan. For people aged around 18 years, more attention was needed to pay to RHRs and specific measures such as blood pressure management were required in advance to prevent accelerated RHRs.

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Knowledge, Perceptions, and Practice of Nurses on Surveillance of Adverse Events following Childhood Immunization in Nairobi, Kenya

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2016/3745298 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Calistus Wanjala Masika ◽

Harrysone Atieli ◽

Tom Were

Keyword(s):

Adverse Events ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Good Knowledge ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

Immunization Programs ◽

Childhood Immunization ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional

Background. Although vaccines currently approved for routine childhood immunization are safe and effective, frequent adverse events following immunization often cause illnesses and sometimes loss of public trust in immunization programs. Nurses are essential in this surveillance system.Objective. To determine nurses’ knowledge, perception, and practice towards surveillance of postimmunization adverse events within Nairobi County health centers, Kenya.Methods. This is a cross-sectional survey involving nursesn=274. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 20. Differences in proportions of categorical variables were compared between groups using chi-square tests. Binary logistic regression model was used to compute independent predictors of outcome.Results. 29.2%, 32.1%, and 45.3% of the respondents had good knowledge, good practices, and good perceptions on AEFI surveillance, respectively. Respondents with diploma or degree nursing training level were 1.8 times and 2.5 times more likely to have good knowledge and good perception in AEFI surveillance, respectively. Nurses with previous AEFI training were 9.7 times and 1.8 times more likely to have good AEFI knowledge and practices, respectively.Conclusion.There is a need to train and mentor nurses on AEFI surveillance. Findings of this study will be valuable in informing policy review on childhood immunization programs.

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MORBIDITY PATTERN AMONG ADOLESCENT SCHOOL GIRLS IN RURAL AND URBAN SCHOOL OF JHANSI (U.P.)- A COMPARATIVE CROSS-SECTIONAL SURVEY

International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies ◽

10.32553/ijmbs.v3i9.582 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (9) ◽

Author(s):

Shubhanshu Gupta ◽

Sanjeev Kumar ◽

Piyush D Swami ◽

Anjana Niranjan

Keyword(s):

Health Status ◽

Adolescent Girls ◽

Low Socioeconomic Status ◽

Optimal Level ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

World Health ◽

World Population ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Rural And Urban

Background: According to World Health Organization, adolescents constitute about one fifth of the world population, and in India they constitute about 21% of the total population. Most of the surveys show that health status of adolescent girls is at sub-optimal level. Objectives: To assess nutritional status and morbidity pattern among the adolescent girls and to suggest measures for improvement of health status of adolescent girls. Method: A community based cross-sectional study was carried out among 250 adolescent schoolgirls in Rural and urban field practice area of Jhansi school from January 2017 to July 2014. Results: Among the various morbidities eye problem was seen in maximum no of adolescent girls. Eye problem was present in 44.8% of adolescent girls followed by respiratory 14.7% and ear 13.06% disease. Skin disease was present in 3.2% of adolescent girls, which was more in rural girls 6.7% than in urban girls 1.7%, may be due to better hygienic practice in urban schoolgirls. Conclusions: Rural background, low socioeconomic status, illiteracy, birth rate and order, income and number of members in a family have shown to be significant determinants of morbidity pattern in the adolescent girls. Keywords: Adolescent, anemia, morbidity, vaginal discharge.

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Social Influences, Social Norms, Social Support, and Smoking Behavior among Adolescent Workers

American Journal of Health Promotion ◽

10.4278/0890-1171-15.6.414 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 15 (6) ◽

pp. 414-421 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Pebbles Fagan ◽

Marla Eisenberg ◽

Anne M. Stoddard ◽

Lindsay Frazier ◽

Glorian Sorensen

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Social Norms ◽

Social Influences ◽

Self Report ◽

Grocery Stores ◽

Retail Sector ◽

Friendship Networks ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Never Smokers

Purpose. To examine the relationships between worksite interpersonal influences and smoking and quitting behavior among adolescent workers. Design. The cross-sectional survey assessed factors influencing tobacco use behavior. Setting. During the fall of 1998, data were collected from 10 grocery stores in Massachusetts that were owned and managed by the same company. Subjects. Eligible participants included 474 working adolescents ages 15 to 18. Eighty-three percent of workers (n = 379) completed the survey. Measures. The self-report questionnaire assessed social influences, social norms, social support, friendship networks, stage of smoking and quitting behavior, employment patterns, and demographic factors. Results. Thirty-five percent of respondents were never smokers, 21% experimental, 5% occasional, 18% regular, and 23% former smokers. Using analysis of variance (ANOVA), results indicate that regular smokers were 30% more likely than experimental or occasional smokers to report coworker encouragement to quit (p = .0002). Compared with regular smokers, never smokers were 15% more likely to report greater nonacceptability of smoking (p = .01). χ2 tests of association revealed no differences in friendship networks by stage of smoking. Conclusions. These data provide evidence for the need to further explore social factors inside and outside the work environment that influence smoking and quitting behavior among working teens. Interpretations of the data are limited because of cross-sectional and self-report data collection methods used in one segment of the retail sector.

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Prevalence and risk factors of anaemia among men: A study based on Empowered Action Group states, India

Nutrition and Health ◽

10.1177/0260106020982348 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 026010602098234

Author(s):

Pradeep Kumar ◽

Himani Sharma ◽

Kamalesh Kumar Patel

Keyword(s):

Family Health ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Action Group ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

The Government ◽

Eag States

Background: Despite various programmes initiated by the Government of India, the nutritional indicators are not encouraging, as several problems like undernutrition, malnutrition and anaemia – still persist in the country, especially in the Empowered Action Group (EAG) states. Aim: Because of the dearth of studies regarding anaemia among men in India, the present study aimed to determine its prevalence in this population in the EAG states and to analyse its geographical and socio-demographic determinants. Methods: The study utilized nationally representative, cross-sectional survey data from round 4 of the National Family Health Survey conducted in 2015–16. Bivariate analysis along with binary logistic regression were performed to assess the predictors of anaemia among men in the EAG states. Results: Around a quarter of the men in the EAG states suffered from anaemia. A similar high-prevalence pattern was observed across the EAG states. Wherein, Bihar and Jharkhand had the highest prevalence of anaemia while Uttarakhand showed the lowest. Age, place of residence, marital status and caste were positively associated with the likelihood of anaemia among men in the EAG states. Conclusions: Focusing on the EAG states, this study considered the severity of anaemia as a public health problem among men. Strategies to reduce the burden of anaemia among this population are needed. The government should formulate programmes targeting anaemia specifically, and improving the nutritional status among men in general in the EAG states.

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Healthcare workers’ compliance and its potential determinants to prevent COVID-19 in public hospitals in Western Ethiopia

BMC Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1186/s12879-021-06149-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Werku Etafa ◽

Gosa Gadisa ◽

Shibiru Jabessa ◽

Tagay Takele

Keyword(s):

Healthcare Workers ◽

Preventive Measures ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽

Public Hospitals ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Healthcare Associated ◽

Staff Commitment ◽

Western Ethiopia

Abstract Background Globally, Coronavirus disease-19 has created unprecedented challenges to public health. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at risk of COVID-19 because of their profession. There are limited studies conducted in Ethiopia among HCWs regarding their compliance with COVID-19 preventive measures. Therefore, this study intended to assess HCWs’ compliance with measures to prevent COVID-19, and its potential determinants in public hospitals in Western Ethiopia. Methods A self-administered, multicenter hospital-based cross-sectional survey was proposed to 422 randomly selected HCWs working in seven public hospitals in Western Ethiopia identified as COVID-19 referral centers. Data were entered into Epi Data version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 24. Binary logistic regression was used to identify potential determinants of outcome variables at p-value < 0.05. Results Out of 422 completed questionnaires, the overall HCWs’ compliance with COVID-19 prevention is 22% (n = 404). In multivariate regression analysis, factors such as spending most of caring time at bedside (AOR = 1.94, 95%CI, 1.06–3.55), receiving training on infection prevention/COVID-19 (AOR = 1.86, 95%CI, 1.04–3.33), reading materials on COVID-19 (AOR = 2.04, 95%CI, 1.14–3.63) and having support from hospital management (AOR = 2.09, 95%CI, 1.20–3.64) were found to be significantly associated with COVID-19 preventive measures. Furthermore, inadequate supplies of appropriate personal protective equipment (83.2%), insufficient supportive medications (78.5%), and lack of provision of adequate ventilation (77.7%) were the barriers to COVID-19 prevention most frequently mentioned by participants. Conclusion Our findings highlight HCWs’ poor compliance with COVID-19 preventive measures. Providing information and refreshing training to improve the level of healthcare workers’ adherence with COVID-19 prevention is as imperative as increasing staff commitment to supply resources necessary to protect HCWs and to reduce healthcare-associated infections transmission of SARS-COV-2.

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Assessing the Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of COVID-19 among Quarantine Hotel Workers in China

Healthcare ◽

10.3390/healthcare9060772 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 772

Author(s):

Yi-Man Teng ◽

Kun-Shan Wu ◽

Wen-Cheng Wang ◽

Dan Xu

Keyword(s):

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Sociodemographic Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Attitudes And Practices ◽

Positive Attitudes ◽

Hotel Workers ◽

Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

During the pandemic, quarantine hotel workers face a higher risk of infection while they host quarantine guests from overseas. This study’s aim is to gain an understanding of the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of quarantine hotel workers in China. A total of 170 participants took part in a cross-sectional survey to assess the KAP of quarantine hotel workers in China, during the COVID-19 pandemic. The chi-square test, independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), descriptive analysis, and binary logistic regression were used to examine the sociodemographic factors associated with KAP levels during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results show that 62.41% have good knowledge, 94.7% have a positive attitude towards COVID-19, but only 78.2% have good practices. Most quarantine hotel workers (95.3%) are confident that COVID-19 will be successfully controlled and that China is handling the COVID-19 crisis well (98.8%). Most quarantine hotel workers are also taking personal precautions, such as avoiding crowds (80.6%) and wearing facemasks (97.6%). The results evidence that quarantine hotel workers in China have acquired the necessary knowledge, positive attitudes and proactive practices in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The results of this study can provide a reference for quarantine hotel workers and their targeted education and intervention.

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