scholarly journals Prevalence of Dysmenorrhea and its Associated Factors among Adolescent Girls Studying in Technical Schools of Dang, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
Nirdesh Baidhya ◽  
Damaru Prasad Paneru

Introduction: Dysmenorrhea is a gynecological disorder and more often a cause of shame, anxiety and embarrassment among female adolescents. The prevalence of dysmenorrhea worldwide ranges 15.8-89.5%, with higher prevalence rates reported among adolescent female. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of dysmenorrhea and its associated factors among adolescent girls studying in Council for Technical Education and Vocational Training (CTEVT) at Ghorahi Sub-metro Politian Dang, Nepal. Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional analytical study was carried out from February, 2019 to August, 2019 among adolescent girls in technical schools of Dang, Nepal. Self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from 452 adolescent girls and only 375 adolescent girls were included in the study. Census method was adopted. Data were checked, coded and entered into Epi-data (version 3.1) and transferred to SPSS (version 20) for analysis. Univariate, bivariate and multi variable analyses were carried out. Binary logistic regression model were computed and P value < 0.05 was considered as significant. All ethical procedures were considered. Results: The prevalence of dysmenorrhea was 75.2%, among them half of the respondents experienced moderate pain (50.7%), followed by mild (26.6%) and severe (22.7%). Family history of dysmenorrhea, AOR (95% CI) = 7.657 (4.036, 14.528), early menarche AOR (95% CI) = 15.662 (7.583, 32.351), underweight AOR (95% CI) = 0.361 (0.149, 0.874) had statistically significant association with the dysmenorrhea. Conclusion: Three-quarters of the adolescent girls experienced dysmenorrhea. Dysmenorrhea among adolescent girls is associated with family history, early menarche, whereas underweight was found to be protective factors for the occurrence of dysmenorrhea. All girls entering into menarchhe should be oriented with dysmenorrhea management practices to maintain physical, physiological and psycho- social health.

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Bukuluki ◽  
Peter Kisaakye ◽  
Maxime Houinato ◽  
Adekemi Ndieli ◽  
Evelyn Letiyo ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Social norms continue to be entrenched in Uganda. Understanding social norms helps to uncover the underlying drivers that influence attitudes and behavior towards contraceptive access and use. This study therefore seeks to investigate the factors that influence the social norm – access to contraception by adolescent girls – in six districts in Uganda. Data and methods: Using data from a community cross-sectional survey in six districts (Amudat, Kaberamaido, Kasese, Moroto, Tororo and Pader) in Uganda, a binary logistic regression model was fitted to examine the variation in individual beliefs and socio-economic and demographic factors on ‘allowing adolescent girls to access contraception in a community’ – we refer to as a social norm. Results Results demonstrate that a higher proportion of respondents hold social norms that inhibit adolescent girls from accessing contraception in the community. After controlling for all variables, the likelihood for adolescent girls to be allowed access to contraception in the community was higher among respondents living in Kaberamaido (OR = 2.58; 95 %CI = 1.23–5.39), Kasese (OR = 2.62; 95 %CI = 1.25–5.47), Pader (OR = 4.35; 95 %CI = 2.15–8.79) and Tororo (OR = 9.44; 95 %CI = 4.59–19.37), those aged 30–34 years likely (OR = 1.73; 95 %CI = 1.03–2.91). However, the likelihood for respondents living in Moroto to agree that adolescent girls are allowed to access contraception was lower (OR = 0.27; 95 %CI = 0.11–0.68) compared to respondents living in Amudat. Respondents who were not formally employed (OR = 0.63; 95 %CI = 0.43–0.91), and those who agreed that withdrawal prevents pregnancy (OR = 0.45; 95 %CI = 0.35–0.57) were less likely to agree that adolescent girls are allowed to access contraception in the community. Respondents who agreed that a girl who is sexually active can use contraception to prevent unwanted pregnancy (OR = 1.84; 95 %CI = 1.33–2.53), unmarried women or girls should have access to contraception (OR = 2.15; 95 %CI = 1.61–2.88), married women or girls should have access to contraception (OR = 1.55; 95 %CI = 0.99–2.39) and women know where to obtain contraception for prevention against pregnancy (OR = 2.35; 95 %CI = 1.19–4.65) were more likely to agree that adolescent girls are allowed to access contraception. Conclusions The findings underscore the need for context specific ASRH programs that take into account the differences in attitudes and social norms that affect access and use of contraception by adolescents.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gebrewahd Bezabh Gebremichael ◽  
Teklewoini Mariye Zemichael

Abstract Background Hypoglycemia is an acute medical situation that occurs when blood sugar falls below the recommended level. Even though, hypoglycemia prevention practice in the management of diabetes mellitus is one cornerstone in controlling the effect of hypoglycemia, hypoglycemia prevention practice among patients with diabetes mellitus is insufficiently studied. Moreover, the existed scarce literature in Ethiopia revealed hypoglycemia prevention practice is inadequate. Thus, this study tried to assess hypoglycemia prevention practices and associated factors among diabetic patients. Methods Hospital-based, cross-sectional study design was employed from April one to March one 2018 in Central Zone of Tigray Regional state of Ethiopia. A total of 272 diabetes mellitus patients were selected by systematic random sampling method from study area. The collected data was checked for its completeness and then entered into Epi data version 3.1 then cleaned and analyzed using SPSS version 23. Binary logistic regression model (AOR, 95% CI and p-value < 0.05) was used to determine the predictors of hypoglycemia prevention practice. Results the mean age of respondents was 52.19 years and about 100 (63.2%) had good hypoglycemia prevention practice. Knowledge regarding hypoglycemia [AOR = 10.34; 95% CI [5.41, 19.89]], having a glucometer at home [AOR=3. 02; 95% CI [1.12, 8.12]], attitude regarding diabetes mellitus [AOR = 2.36 CI [1.26, 4.39]], being governmental employee [AOR=5. 19, 95% CI [1.63, 16.58]] and being divorced [AOR = 0.13, 95% CI [0.32, 0.53]] were found significantly associated with good hypoglycemia prevention practice. Conclusion Around two third of the study participants were found to have good hypoglycemia prevention practice. Good knowledge and favorable attitude toward diabetes mellitus, having glucometer at home, being governmental employee and divorced were found to be the predictors of good hypoglycemia prevention practice.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gebrewahd Bezabh Gebremichael ◽  
Teklewoini Mariye Zemichael

Abstract Background Hypoglycemia is an acute medical situation that occurs when blood sugar falls below the recommended level. Even though, hypoglycemia prevention practice in the management of diabetes mellitus is one cornerstone in controlling the effect of hypoglycemia, hypoglycemia prevention practice among patients with diabetes mellitus is insufficiently studied. Moreover, the existed scarce literature in Ethiopia revealed hypoglycemia prevention practice is inadequate. Thus, this study tried to assess hypoglycemia prevention practices and associated factors among diabetic patients.Methods Hospital-based, cross-sectional study design was employed from April one to March one 2018 in Central Zone of Tigray Regional state of Ethiopia. A total of 272 diabetes mellitus patients were selected by systematic random sampling method from study area. The collected data was checked for its completeness and then entered into Epi data version 3.1 then cleaned and analyzed using SPSS version 23. Binary logistic regression model (AOR, 95% CI and p-value < 0.05) was used to determine the predictors of hypoglycemia prevention practice.Results the mean age of respondents was 52.19 years and about 100 (63.2%) had good hypoglycemia prevention practice. Good knowledge regarding hypoglycemia [AOR = 10.34; 95% CI [5.41, 19.89]], having a glucometer at home [AOR = 3. 02; 95% CI [1.12, 8.12]], favorable attitude towards diabetes mellitus [AOR = 2.36 CI [1.26, 4.39]], and being governmental employee [AOR = 5.19, 95% CI [1.63, 16.58]] were positive predictors of good hypoglycemia prevention practice. However, being divorced [AOR =0.13, 95% CI [0.32, 0.53]] was found negatively associated with good hypoglycemia prevention practice.Conclusion Around two third of the study participants were found to have good hypoglycemia prevention practice. Good knowledge and favorable attitude toward diabetes mellitus, having glucometer at home, being governmental employee and divorced were found to be the predictors of good hypoglycemia prevention practice.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sileshi Garoma Abeya ◽  
Segni Bobo Barkesa ◽  
Chala Gari Sadi ◽  
Seada Ahmed Mohammed ◽  
Endale Bacha Wako ◽  
...  

Abstract Background: The utilization of facility-based health care services was among the means to tackle the transmission of the COVID 19 and protection of better health. However, reluctance to the utilization of facility-based health care services has been reported to be a major problem everywhere in the globe. This study was to assess the utilization of facility-based health care and associated factors among adults in Oromia regional state, Ethiopia.Methods: Community-based cross-sectional studies were conducted using a quantitative approach. Data was collected from 2751 adults aged 18 years and above using an interviewer-administered structured questionnaire. The collected data were entered into Epi info version 7.2.0.1 and analyzed using STATA 15. Bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the association between the study variables. Odds Ratio with its 95%CI was calculated and P-Value < 0.05 was used as a cut-off point to declare the significance. Results: The overall utilization of facility based essential health care was 25.5% (95% CI: 24.6%, 26.4%). Agro-pastoralist (AOR 0.50, 95% CI; 0.50, 1.31), urban residence (AOR 0.66, 95% CI; 0.48, 0.92), Orthodox religion followers (AOR 0.58, 95% CI; 0.41, 0.81), and marital statuses in the widowed/divorced/ Separated category (AOR 0.45, 95% CI; 0.20, 0.99), were significantly associated with utilizations of facility based essential Health Care. Conclusions: Only 646 (25.5%) of respondents visited health facilities after the commencement of the COVID 19 pandemic. Activities to increase the utilization of essential health care services are crucial through appropriate information outlets.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natnael Lakachew Assefa ◽  
Addisu Admas ◽  
Nebiyat Adimasu

Abstract Background: Visual impairment refers to presenting distance visual acuity worse than 6/18 in the worst eye. It remains a global challenge that greatly affects the mobility, social participation and the quality of life of the people. This study was aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of visual impairment among adults aged 18 years. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Debre Berhan town. Systematic random sampling method was employed to select the study participants from adult’s aged ≥ 18 years. Data were collected by interview with a pre-tested semi structured questionnaire. Both anterior and posterior segment ocular examinations were done by Optometrists and Ophthalmologist. After all ocular examinations adult’s aged ≥ 18 years with presenting Visual acuity of < 6/18 in the worst eye were considered as visually impaired. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify the determinant factors and p value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: A total of 416 participants were enrolled in the study with a 98.6% response rate. The prevalence of visual impairment among adults aged 18 years was 16.8% (95% CI: 13.5%-20.2%). Aged > 64 years (AOR=12.18, 95%CI: 4.47-33.20), illiterates AOR=3.02, 95% CI: 1.36-6.72), previous eye trauma (AOR=4.44, 95% CI: 1.64-12.04), family size > 5 (AOR: 4.44, 95% CI: 1.43-13.75) and family history of eye problem (AOR=7.02, 95% CI: 1.95-25.22) had statistically significant association with visual impairment.Conclusions: Prevalence of visual impairment among adults was found to be a significant public health problem. Older age, illiterates, previous eye trauma, large family size and family history eye problem were positively associated with visual impairment.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natnael Lakachew Assefa ◽  
Addisu Admas ◽  
Nebiyat Adimasu

Abstract Background : Visual impairment refers to presenting distance visual acuity worse than 6/18 in the worst eye. It remains a global challenge that greatly affects the mobility, social participation and the quality of life of the people. This study was aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of visual impairment among adults aged 18 years. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Debre Berhan town. Data were collected by interview with a pre-tested semi structured questionnaire and ocular examinations. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS version 20. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify the determinant factors and p value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: A total of 416 participants were enrolled in the study with a 98.6% response rate. The prevalence of visual impairment among adults aged 18 years was 16.8% (95% CI: 13.5%-20.2%). Aged > 64 years (AOR=12.18, 95%CI: 4.47-33.20), illiterates AOR=3.02, 95% CI: 1.36-6.72), previous eye trauma (AOR=4.44, 95% CI: 1.64-12.04), family size > 5 (AOR: 4.44, 95% CI: 1.43-13.75) and family history of eye problem (AOR=7.02, 95% CI: 1.95-25.22) had statistically significant association with visual impairment. Conclusions: Prevalence of visual impairment among adults was found to be a significant public health problem. Older age, illiterates, previous eye trauma, large family size and family history eye problem were positively associated with visual impairment.


2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Nurrahmaton Nurrahmaton

Pendahuluan; Hasil Laporan Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2013 diketahui bahwa 20,9% anak perempuan di Indonesia telah mengalami menarche diumur kurang dari 10 tahun. Membaiknya standar kehidupan berdampak pada penurunan usia menarche ke usia yang lebih muda. Tujuan; adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan gaya hidup dengan kejadian menarche dini pada remaja putri. Metode; Desain penelitian survei analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswi kelas VII, VIII, IX yang sudah menstruasi di SMP Amanah Medan sebanyak 33 siswi dan pengambilan sampel dengan total population. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini adalah kuesioner. Analisa data dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji statistik Chi-Square. Hasil; Penelitian menunjukkan dari 33 responden (100%) yang memiliki gaya hidup tidak baik sebanyak 23 responden (69,7%), dan yang baik 10 (30,3%), sedangkan yang mengalami menarche dini sebanyak 18 responden  (54,6%), dan yang mengalami menarche normal sebanyak 15 (45,4%) dengan hasil p value 0,001< 0,05. Kesimpulan; Ada Hubungan Antara Gaya Hidup Dengan Kejadian Menarche Dini Pada Remaja Putri Di SMP Amanah Medan. Background: The results of the 2013 Basic Health Research Report revealed that 20.9% of girls in Indonesia had experienced menarche at less than 10 years of age. The improvement in living standards has resulted in a decrease in the age of menarche to a younger age. Objective: is to determine the relationship of lifestyle with the incidence of early menarche in adolescent girls. Method: Analytical survey research design with cross sectional approach. The population in this study were students of class VII, VIII, IX who had menstruated at Amanah Medan Middle School as many as 33 female students and took samples with a total population. The instrument in this study is a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using Chi-Square statistical test. Result: The study showed that 33 respondents (100%) had a bad lifestyle as many as 23 respondents (69.7%), and a good 10 (30.3%), while those who experienced early menarche were 18 respondents (54.6 %), and those who experienced normal menarche were 15 (45.4%) with the results of p value 0.001 <0.05. Conclusion: There is a relationship between lifestyle and the incidence of early menarche in adolescent girls at Amanah Medan Middle School. 


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonas Sisay Aragie ◽  
Gashaw Sisay Chanie ◽  
Haddis Birhanu Woldekiros ◽  
Biniam Siyum Shibe ◽  
Getahun Molla Kassa

Abstract BackgroundThe use of substances such as cigarettes, alcohol, and khat has become the rising major public health and socioeconomic problems and more exercised in higher education students. This study was aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of substance use among medical students at the University of Gondar, Ethiopia.MethodA cross-sectional study was employed among medical students at the University of Gondar in the year 2020. All intern and above medical students were recurred and interviewed by using a self-administered questionnaire. Binary logistic regression was used to identify associated factors of current substance use at a p. value < 0.05 in the multivariable model to declare a significant dependent variable.ResultsOut of 277 responded to the interview 91 students (33%, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 27, 38) were current substance users. Enjoyment (39%) was a major reason for starting substance use. Addiction (82%), liver injury (87%), and lung cancer (87%) were the primary mentioned health risks of khat, alcohol, and cigarettes, respectively. Students age (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) =1.26, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.6), friend/s substance use history (AOR=6.09, 95% CI: 2.29, 16.2), and students with parents history of substance use (AOR=2.36, 95% CI: 1.14, 4.88) were factors significantly associated with the substance use.ConclusionOne-third of medical students at the University of Gondar were current substance users. Students with increasing age and those who have proximity with peoples who use substances were the independent positively associated factors for substance use.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birknesh Mereta ◽  
Mulugeta Shegaze ◽  
Bitew Mekonnen ◽  
Nathan Desalegn ◽  
Asmare Getie ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Breast self-examination is simple, low cost and non-invasive method of noticing breast cancer by the women themselves for looking at and feeling for any change in their breast. Studies have shown that in Ethiopia the practice of breast self-examination is poor. So, the aim of this study is to address breast self-examination practice and associated factors among women aged 20-64 years at Arba Minch Zuria district, Gamo Zone southern Ethiopia. Methods community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 634 women aged 20-64 years at Arbaminch Zuria district using multi-stage sampling technique to select the study participants. Structured, pretested and interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were entered in to EPI INFO version 3.5.1 and exported to SPSS version 22 for analysis. A binary logistic regression model was used to assess the association between independent and outcome variables. Adjusted odd ratio with 95% confidence interval and P-value of <0.05 was considered to declare a result as statistically significant. Result A total of 634 study participants were involved, making a response rate of 100%. From the total study participants only 21.3% had ever practice breast self-examination. There were a negative association between women age 40-49(AOR: 2.95; 95%CI: 1.23, 7.06), and women who attended elementary level of education (AOR 0.33; 95% CI 0.14, 0.60). While women having good knowledge (AOR 0.58; 95% CI0.30, 0.92), and having good perceived benefit (AOR 2.22; 95% CI 1.85, 34.1) were the factors who were significantly positively associated with breast self-examination practice. Conclusion Breast Self-Examination Practice among the study participants was low. Educational status, age, knowledge and perceived benefits towards breast -self-examination were associated with breast self- examination practice. Therefore, much more Efforts should be taken by stakeholders in different hierarchies to promote women’s education, promoting and advocating breast self-examination practice.


PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0257373
Author(s):  
Sileshi Garoma Abeya ◽  
Sagni Bobo Barkesa ◽  
Chala Gari Sadi ◽  
Dereje Duguma Gemeda ◽  
Fekadu Yadeta Muleta ◽  
...  

Background Adherence to preventive measures of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was among the means to tackle the transmission of the virus. However, reluctance to implement the recommended preventive measures has been reported to be a major problem everywhere including Oromia Regional State. Purpose This research was aimed to assess the level of adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures and associated factors in the study area. Participants and methods Community based cross-sectional study was conducted. Sample of 2751 adults aged ≥ 18 years were used for the quantitative study. Also, 20 FGDs and 30 KIIs were conducted in the qualitative approach. The collected data were entered into Epi info version 7.2.0.1 and analyzed using STATA 15. The qualitative data were entered into NVivo version 12 for its organization. Bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the association between the study variables. Odds Ratio with its 95%CI was calculated and P- Value < 0.05 was used as a cut off points to declare the significance. Results The level of adherence to COVID-19 preventive measure was 8.3. Age [AOR, 4.00; 95% CI: 1.50, 10.45], Illiterate AOR, 0.38; 95% CI: 0.15, 0.93], read and write [AOR, 0.26; 95% CI: 0.10, 0.72], attended primary [AOR, 0.30; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.70], occupation (AOR; 95% CI: 0.29, 0.96] and knowledge [AOR, 0.20; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.11] were factors associated with level of adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures. Political context, unemployment, livelihoods, and social events were mentioned as reasons for the poor adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures. Conclusions The overall level of adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures in the study area was low. Age, level of education, occupation, and knowledge were factors associated with level of adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures. Activities to increase the adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures should be implemented by the concerned bodies.


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