scholarly journals Algal glycobiotechnology: omics approaches for strain improvement

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranjna Sirohi ◽  
Jaemin Joun ◽  
Hong II Choi ◽  
Vivek Kumar Gaur ◽  
Sang Jun Sim
Keyword(s):  
Strain Improvement ◽  
Botryococcus Braunii ◽  
Major Focus ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Algal Strain ◽  
The Past ◽  
Processing Cost ◽  
High Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Basic Biology ◽  
High Processing

AbstractMicroalgae has the capability to replace petroleum-based fuels and is a promising option as an energy feedstock because of its fast growth, high photosynthetic capacity and remarkable ability to store energy reserve molecules in the form of lipids and starch. But the commercialization of microalgae based product is difficult due to its high processing cost and low productivity. Higher accumulation of these molecules may help to cut the processing cost. There are several reports on the use of various omics techniques to improve the strains of microalgae for increasing the productivity of desired products. To effectively use these techniques, it is important that the glycobiology of microalgae is associated to omics approaches to essentially give rise to the field of algal glycobiotechnology. In the past few decades, lot of work has been done to improve the strain of various microalgae such as Chlorella, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Botryococcus braunii etc., through genome sequencing and metabolic engineering with major focus on significantly increasing the productivity of biofuels, biopolymers, pigments and other products. The advancements in algae glycobiotechnology have highly significant role to play in innovation and new developments for the production algae-derived products as above. It would be highly desirable to understand the basic biology of the products derived using -omics technology together with biochemistry and biotechnology. This review discusses the potential of different omic techniques (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics) to improve the yield of desired products through algal strain manipulation.

Fluorescent potentiometric dyes for membrane-potential imaging

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 166-167
Author(s):  
Leslie M. Loew
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Quantitative Imaging ◽  
Optical Recording ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Major Focus ◽  
The Past ◽  
Excitable Systems ◽  
Major Application ◽  
The Impact

A major application of potentiometric dyes has been the multisite optical recording of electrical activity in excitable systems. After being championed by L.B. Cohen and his colleagues for the past 20 years, the impact of this technology is rapidly being felt and is spreading to an increasing number of neuroscience laboratories. A second class of experiments involves using dyes to image membrane potential distributions in single cells by digital imaging microscopy - a major focus of this lab. These studies usually do not require the temporal resolution of multisite optical recording, being primarily focussed on slow cell biological processes, and therefore can achieve much higher spatial resolution. We have developed 2 methods for quantitative imaging of membrane potential. One method uses dual wavelength imaging of membrane-staining dyes and the other uses quantitative 3D imaging of a fluorescent lipophilic cation; the dyes used in each case were synthesized for this purpose in this laboratory.

Methods in Year 50: Preserving the Past and Preparing for the Future

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Aronsky ◽  
T. Y. Leong ◽  
A. T. McCray ◽  
R. Haux
Keyword(s):  
Medical Informatics ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Major Focus ◽  
Editorial Policies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Processing Data ◽  
Online Access ◽  
Aims And Scope ◽  
Online Methods ◽  
Sixth Decade

Summary Background: Founded in 1962 and, therefore, the oldest international journal in medical informatics, Methods of Information in Medicine will publish its 50th volume in 2011. At the start of the journal’s sixth decade, a discussion on the journal’s profile seems appropriate. Objectives: To report on the new opportunities for online access to Methods publications as well as on the recent strategic decisions regarding the journal‘s aims and editorial policies. Methods: Describing and analyzing the journal’s aims and scope. Reflecting on recent publications and on the journal’s development during the last decade. Results: From 2011 forward all articles of Methods from 1962 until the present can be accessed online. Methods of Information in Medicine stresses the basic methodology and scientific fundamentals of processing data, information and knowledge in medicine and health care. Although the journal‘s major focus is on publications in medical informatics, it has never been restricted to publications only in this discipline. For example, articles in medical biometry, in or close to biomedical engineering, and, later, articles in bioinformatics continue to be a part of this journal. Conclusions: There is a continuous and, as it seems, ever growing overlap in the research methodology and application areas of the mentioned disciplines. As there is a continuing and even growing need for such a publication forum, Methods of Information in Medicine will keep its broad scope. As an organizational consequence, the journal’s number of associate editors has increased accordingly.

Battlefields from Event to Heritage

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Carman ◽  
Patricia Carman
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Security Studies ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Critical Security Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The World ◽  
War And Conflict ◽  
Modern War

What is—or makes a place—a ‘historic battlefield’? From one perspective the answer is a simple one—it is a place where large numbers of people came together in an organized manner to fight one another at some point in the past. But from another perspective it is far more difficult to identify. Quite why any such location is a place of battle—rather than any other kind of event—and why it is especially historic is more difficult to identify. This book sets out an answer to the question of what a historic battlefield is in the modern imagination, drawing upon examples from prehistory to the twentieth century. Considering battlefields through a series of different lenses, treating battles as events in the past and battlefields as places in the present, the book exposes the complexity of the concept of historic battlefield and how it forms part of a Western understanding of the world. Taking its lead from new developments in battlefield study—especially archaeological approaches—the book establishes a link to and a means by which these new approaches can contribute to more radical thinking about war and conflict, especially to Critical Military and Critical Security Studies. The book goes beyond the study of battles as separate and unique events to consider what they mean to us and why we need them to have particular characteristics. It will be of interest to archaeologists, historians, and students of modern war in all its forms.

scholarly journals Adhesion GPCRs in Glioblastoma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Stephan ◽  
Niklas Ravn-Boess ◽  
Dimitris G Placantonakis
Keyword(s):  
G Protein ◽  
G Protein Coupled Receptors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Novel Treatment ◽  
The Family ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Basic Biology ◽  
G Protein Coupled ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Receptor Family

Abstract Members of the adhesion family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have received attention for their roles in health and disease, including cancer. Over the past decade, several members of the family have been implicated in the pathogenesis of glioblastoma. Here, we discuss the basic biology of adhesion GPCRs and review in detail specific members of the receptor family with known functions in glioblastoma. Finally, we discuss the potential use of adhesion GPCRs as novel treatment targets in neuro-oncology.

scholarly journals Cardio- and Neurometabolic Adipobiology: Consequences and Implications for Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 4137
Author(s):  
Jan Frohlich ◽  
George N. Chaldakov ◽  
Manlio Vinciguerra
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Nerve Growth Factor ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Signaling Proteins ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Cardiometabolic Diseases ◽  
The Past ◽  
Neurotrophin 3

Studies over the past 30 years have revealed that adipose tissue is the major endocrine and paracrine organ of the human body. Arguably, adiopobiology has taken its reasonable place in studying obesity and related cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs), including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which is viewed herein as a neurometabolic disorder. The pathogenesis and therapy of these diseases are multiplex at basic, clinical and translational levels. Our present goal is to describe new developments in cardiometabolic and neurometabolic adipobiology. Accordingly, we focus on adipose- and/or skeletal muscle-derived signaling proteins (adipsin, adiponectin, nerve growth factor, brain-derived neuroptrophic factor, neurotrophin-3, irisin, sirtuins, Klotho, neprilysin, follistatin-like protein-1, meteorin-like (metrnl), as well as growth differentiation factor 11) as examples of metabotrophic factors (MTFs) implicated in the pathogenesis and therapy of obesity and related CMDs. We argue that these pathologies are MTF-deficient diseases. In 1993 the “vascular hypothesis of AD” was published and in the present review we propose the “vasculometabolic hypothesis of AD.” We discuss how MTFs could bridge CMDs and neurodegenerative diseases, such as AD. Greater insights on how to manage the MTF network would provide benefits to the quality of human life.

scholarly journals Baroreflex Activation Therapy for the Treatment of Drug-Resistant Hypertension: New Developments

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teba Alnima ◽  
Peter W. de Leeuw ◽  
Abraham A. Kroon
Keyword(s):  
Resistant Hypertension ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Systolic Heart Failure ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Baroreflex Activation Therapy ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The Past ◽  
Carotid Baroreflex ◽  
Activation Therapy

In the past few years, novel accomplishments have been obtained in carotid baroreflex activation therapy (BAT) for the treatment of resistant hypertension. In addition, this field is still evolving with promising results in the reduction of blood pressure and heart rate. This overview addresses the latest developments in BAT for the treatment of drug-resistant hypertension. Although not totally understood considering the working mechanisms of BAT, it appeared to be possible to achieve at least as much efficacy of single-sided as bilateral stimulation. Therefore unlike the first-generation Rheos system, the second-generation Barostimneooperates by unilateral baroreflex activation, using a completely different carotid electrode. Also significant improvements in several cardiac parameters have been shown by BAT in hypertensive patients, which set the basis for further research to evaluate BAT as a therapy for systolic heart failure. Yet important uncertainties need to be clarified to guarantee beneficial effects; hence not all participants seem to respond to BAT.

scholarly journals Fermentative Succinate Production: An Emerging Technology to Replace the Traditional Petrochemical Processes

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujin Cao ◽  
Rubing Zhang ◽  
Chao Sun ◽  
Tao Cheng ◽  
Yuhua Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Cost ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Strain Improvement ◽  
Downstream Processing ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Petrochemical Process ◽  
Succinate Production ◽  
Fossil Energy ◽  
Renewable Biomass ◽  
The Past

Succinate is a valuable platform chemical for multiple applications. Confronted with the exhaustion of fossil energy resources, fermentative succinate production from renewable biomass to replace the traditional petrochemical process is receiving an increasing amount of attention. During the past few years, the succinate-producing process using microbial fermentation has been made commercially available by the joint efforts of researchers in different fields. In this review, recent attempts and experiences devoted to reduce the production cost of biobased succinate are summarized, including strain improvement, fermentation engineering, and downstream processing. The key limitations and challenges faced in current microbial production systems are also proposed.

History and Theory in Anthropology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Barnard
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
New Developments ◽  
The Past ◽  
Award Winning ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Post Colonialism ◽  
New Generation ◽  
History And Theory

In the past twenty years, there have been exciting new developments in the field of anthropology. This second edition of Barnard's classic textbook on the history and theory of anthropology has been revised and expanded to include up-to-date coverage on all the most important topics in the field. Its coverage ranges from traditional topics like the beginnings of the subject, evolutionism, functionalism, structuralism, and Marxism, to ideas about globalization, post-colonialism, and notions of 'race' and of being 'indigenous'. There are several new chapters, along with an extensive glossary, index, dates of birth and death, and award-winning diagrams. Although anthropology is often dominated by trends in Europe and North America, this edition makes plain the contributions of trendsetters in the rest of the world too. With its comprehensive yet clear coverage of concepts, this is essential reading for a new generation of anthropology students.

All Boundaries Are Lost: Travel, Fragmentation and Interconnection in Virginia Woolf

2016 ◽  
pp. 105-132
Author(s):  
Sam Wiseman
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Virginia Woolf ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Rural Landscapes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Nonhuman Animals ◽  
Between The Acts ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
A Site

Woolf’s childhood was characterised by contrasts between urban and rural, movement and belonging, past and future, domesticity and the outdoor landscape. These influences are evident in her work’s balance between nostalgic reflection and an acceptance of the inexorable transience of human existence and sensation. Woolf is interested in the ways in which new developments in travel and technology can defamiliarise us, and reveal interconnections with other beings. Her attentiveness to the sedimentary layering of the past within rural landscapes is applied to her reimagining of the urban environment; Woolf inverts urban-rural associations, and portrays the metropolitan world as a site within which both fragmentation and interconnection are made explicit. That sense of interconnection also extends to nonhuman animals in Between the Acts (1941). Ultimately, this portrayal of a world in which all experience and activity is part of a ‘work of art’ underlies the theme of unity in Woolf’s final novel; but that theme nonetheless remains balanced by the novel’s exploration of dispersal and fragmentation.

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