scholarly journals Decolonizing health in Canada: A Manitoba first nation perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Eni ◽  
Wanda Phillips-Beck ◽  
Grace Kyoon Achan ◽  
Josée G. Lavoie ◽  
Kathi Avery Kinew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Research ◽  
Indigenous Health ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Indigenous Rights ◽  
Health Inequities ◽  
First Nation ◽  
Community Research ◽  
Traditional Health ◽  
Language Groups ◽  
Indigenous Voice

Abstract Introduction & Background Global persistence of health inequities for Indigenous peoples is evident in ongoing discrepancies in health and standards of living. International literature suggests the key to transformation lies in Indigenous efforts to control Indigenous health and healthcare. Previous authors have focused upon participation, structural transformation, and culturally appropriate healthcare recognized as a political right as fundamental tenets of Indigenous control. Contextualizing Indigenous health and wellness falls within a growing discussion on decolonization – a resituating of expertise that privileges Indigenous voice and interests. Methods The study is a qualitative, grounded theory analysis, which is a constructivist approach to social research allowing for generation of theory in praxis, through interactions and conversations between researchers and participants. One hundred eighty-three interviews with additional focus groups were held between 2013-15 in eight Manitoba First Nation communities representing different models of health delivery, geographies, accessibilities, and Indigenous language groups. Community research assistants and respected Elders participated in data collection, analysis and interpretation. Line-by-line coding and constant comparative method led to the discovery of converging themes. Findings Ultimately four main themes arose: 1) First Nation control of healthcare; 2) traditional medicine and healing activities; 3) full and meaningful community participation; and 4) cleaning up impacts of colonization. Joint analyses and interpretation of findings revealed substantial evidence that communities were looking profoundly into problems of improperly delivered services and health inequities. Issues were consistent with those highlighted by international commissions on reconciliation, health, Indigenous rights and liberties. To those documents, these findings add ground upon which to build the transformative agenda. Results & Discussion Communities discussed the need for creation of protocols, constitution and laws to ensure growth of a decolonizing agenda. Inclusive to the concept are holistic, preventative, traditional health perspectives, and Indigenous languages. Colonization impacts were of critical concern and in need of undoing. Sharing of social and political efforts is seen as pivotal to change and includes all members of communities.

Reproductive Healthcare Beliefs and Behaviours Among Displaced Tribal Communities in Odisha and Chhattisgarh: An Analysis Using Health Belief Model

2021 ◽  
pp. 2277436X2110059
Author(s):  
Madhulika Sahoo ◽  
Jalandhar Pradhan
Keyword(s):  
Health Belief Model ◽  
Cultural Distance ◽  
Indigenous Health ◽  
Belief Systems ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Tribal Communities ◽  
Traditional Health ◽  
Belief Model ◽  
Reproductive Healthcare

The modern healthcare system often experiences difficulties in understanding and providing care to indigenous communities. This is mainly because of the cultural distance between mainstream healing methods and indigenous health belief systems. The Lancet series (2006) on indigenous health discussed the integration of Western and traditional health practices and identified the importance of this integration for betterment of the human world. To understand what health and health care signify to tribal communities in India, it is necessary to examine the whole social system and the beliefs and behaviours related to their culture that provides meaning to people. This study examines the traditional medicinal practices and socio-cultural healthcare beliefs and behaviours of diplaced tribal communities in Odisha and Chattisgarh. The current study has used the health belief model (HBM) to examine the perceived susceptibility and severity of diseases among tribal communities, pertaining to their reproductive healthcare beliefs and practices.

Transforming a global order in New Zealand to reduce health inequities in service provision

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Rawson
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Indigenous Knowledge ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Indigenous Health ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Health Inequities ◽  
Medical Emergency ◽  
Major Work ◽  
Health Initiatives

Abstract St John has been providing service in New Zealand for nearly 140 years since its arrival. It has now close to 4000 staff and nearly 20000 Members and over 8500 volunteers. In New Zealand the major work of St John is its Ambulance service providing front line first responders to crash, medical emergency and other life-threatening situations. St John New Zealand also provides a number of 'Community Health' initiatives focused on strengthening communities and prevention. In recent years St John has recognised that they have not engaged well with Indigenous communities and that their organisation in New Zealand must become skilled and relevant in addressing the needs of the Indigenous people of New Zealand, as they suffer the greater burden of disease and illness than any other population in the country. St John NZ Community and Health Services are embarking on a process of transformation through re-orienting its culture and practice by adopting Public Health approaches and an equity lens over all its programmes. They also have committed to understanding and using Indigenous knowledge to support this re-orientation to most effectively engage and implement programmes that will reduce Indigenous health inequities. This presentation will describe the process by which they will be implementing their strategy for change and highlight best practice for working with Indigenous communities. Key messages Indigenous Knowledge is key to addressing Indigenous Health inequities. Mainstream Public Health can learn from Indigenous Public Health approaches.

scholarly journals Decolonizing Health in Canada: A Manitoba First Nation Perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Eni ◽  
Wanda Phillips Beck ◽  
Grace Kyoon Achan ◽  
Josée G. Lavoie ◽  
Kathi Avery Kinew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Nations ◽  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Shared Vision ◽  
First Nation ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Community Based Research ◽  
Indigenous Wisdom

Abstract Background This paper focuses on a longitudinal research program in Manitoba, Canada, by the Innovation Supporting Transformation in Community-Based Research Project (iPHIT) to learn from First Nations across the province that have developed effective community-based primary healthcare models. The research is relevant and timely as First Nations across the country, and Indigenous populations globally, work towards improvements in population health and health equity via critical analysis and restructuring of health services. The purpose of the paper is to deepen an understanding of decolonization as it is defined within the communities, as a central aspect of health restructuring. Methods The study is a qualitative, grounded theory analysis, which is a constructivist approach to social research that allows for generation of theory in praxis, through interactions and conversations between researchers and research participants. Findings are based on 183 in-depth interviews and eight focus group discussions with participants from 8 Manitoba First Nation communities. The study was designed to understand strengths, limitations and priorities of primary healthcare strategies and frameworks of the communities. The iPHIT team was an active collaborative partnership between the First Nation communities, First Nation Health and Social Secretariat of Manitoba, and the University of Manitoba. The First Nation partners led in all aspects of the research, from development to implementation, data collection, analyses, and dissemination. Respected Elders from the communities also guided in appropriate research and engagement protocols. Results Data was coded and then grouped into 4 interconnecting themes. These are: (1) First Nation control of healthcare, (2) traditional medicine and healing activities, (3) full community participation, and (4) moving out of colonization involves cleaning up and moving beyond the mess that colonization has inflicted. Conclusion Decolonizing health involves a taking back of Indigenous wisdom and traditional activities; connections to the land, resources; intra- and inter-community relationships. Participants emphasized the value of full community engagement with respect to inclusion of different interpretations of and experiences in the world, highlighting creation of a shared vision. The study focused on First Nation community experiences and interests in Manitoba specifically, though the data may be applicable to national and global decolonization efforts.

A brief history of indigenous health in Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1951
Author(s):  
Maria Neyrian Fátima Fernandes ◽  
Arieli Rodrigues Nóbrega ◽  
Rosinaldo Santos Marques ◽  
Ana Michele De Farias Cabral ◽  
Clélia Albino Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Indigenous Health ◽  
Indigenous Rights ◽  
Social Diversity ◽  
Brazilian Legislation ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right

ABSTRACTObjective: to provide a brief history context on the indigenous struggle for rights. It was at its peak in the 1970s, until the Indigenous Health Subsystem implementation in 1999. Method: it is a bibliographic review research made through BIREME and Scielo databases, including documents and publications of FUNASA, FUNAI, and the Brazilian legislation on indigenous, from 1970s to 2000s using the term: indigenous health. Results: after a myriad of movements that fought for indigenous rights recognition, the Indian Statute was sanctioned in 1973 regulating the indigenous issues in Brazil. Thereafter the Brazilian Constitution of 1988 it took a new direction, recognizing the right for cultural and social diversity, among others. Conclusion: the indigenous people integration to the health systems happened, and is still happening, according to the SUS purpose of reduce health inequalities among the whole population. Descriptors: nursing; indigenous health; Brazil.RESUMOObjetivo: traçar um breve histórico das lutas pelos direitos indígenas, cujo ápice foi nos anos 1970, até o estabelecimento do Subsistema de Atenção aos Povos Indígenas em 1999. Método: revisão a partir de levantamento bibliográfico nos bancos de dados, BIREME e Scielo, em documentos e publicações da FUNASA e da FUNAI, e na legislação brasileira indigenista, dos anos 1970 até 2000 com a utilização do descritor: saúde indígena. Resultados: após uma série de movimentos que lutavam pelo reconhecimento dos direitos indígenas, foi sancionado o Estatuto do Índio em 1973 que regulamentava a questão indígena no Brasil. Após Constituição do Brasil de 1988 houve um novo redirecionamento, reconhecendo o direito à diversidade cultural e social, entre outros. Conclusão: a integração dos povos indígenas aos sistemas de saúde aconteceu e está acontecendo conforme o propósito do SUS de redução das desigualdades em saúde na população como um todo. Descritores: enfermagem; saúde indígena; Brasil. RESUMENObjetivo: hacer un breve histórico de la lucha por los derechos indígenas que alcanzó su máximo en la década de 1970, hasta la creación de lo Subsistema de Atención a los Pueblos Indígenas en 1999. Método: revisión desde las búsquedas bibliográficas en bases de datos, BIREME y SciELO, en los documentos y publicaciones de la FUNASA, FUNAI y en la legislación indígena brasileña, desde los años 1970 hasta 2000 usando el descriptor: salud indígena. Resultados: después de una serie de movimientos que luchaban por el reconocimiento de los derechos indígenas, se promulgó el Estatuto de lo Indio en 1973, que regulaba la cuestión indígena en Brasil. Posteriormente a la Constitución brasileña de 1988 ocurrió una nueva dirección, reconociendo el derecho a la diversidad cultural y social, entre otros. Conclusión: la integración de los sistemas de salud indígenas ocurrió y está ocurriendo según el propósito del SUS de reducir las desigualdades en salud en toda la población. Descriptores: enfermería; salud indígena; Brasil. 

scholarly journals Peran Pembimbing Kemasyarakatan Sebagai Pertimbangan Hakim dalam Penjatuhan Putusan pada Anak yang Berhadapan dengan Hukum

Wajah Hukum ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
Muhammad Badri
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Community Research ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
The Social ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive

This study aims to determine the role of social advisers as a judge's consideration in making decisions on those who are dealing with the law. This research is a normative legal research. Literature study methods such as law. This data analysis technique uses a qualitative descriptive technique. The results showed that the social adviser from the Correctional Center (BAPAS) has an important role for the suspect or defendant, namely children in the trial process, namely accompanying children and then conveying the results of social research to the judge. Community research reports are used for the purposes of investigation, prosecution and trial in cases involving children for judges in making their decisions.

scholarly journals Identidade, Cuidado e Direitos: a Experiência das Rodas de Conversa sobre a Saúde dos Povos Indígenas

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Willian Fernandes Luna ◽  
Cecília Malvezzi ◽  
Karla Caroline Teixeira ◽  
Dayane Teixeira Almeida ◽  
Vandicley Pereira Bezerra
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Indigenous Health ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Indigenous Rights ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Indigenous Leadership ◽  
The Awakening ◽  
Talking Circles ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
The University

Abstract: Introduction: There is a historical fragility regarding the training of health care professionals working with the Indigenous Health System in Brazil and the awakening of the growing sensitivity for the promotion of intercultural dialogue is recognized as essential in this context. Thus, the project “Talking Circles about the Indigenous People’s Health” in the university emerged in 2016, developed in a partnership between medical school professors and indigenous students from the Indigenous Tutorial Education Program - PET Indígena - Health Actions, UFSCar. Method: This report is based on the qualitative documental analyses, aiming to present and discuss the experiences, perspectives and dialogues carried out during those meetings, the construction of diversity, the description of the activities performed and the exposure of their potentialities and limits. Results: Based on both Paulo Freire’s Culture Circles and active teaching-learning methodology tools, those meetings dealt with topics related to Indigenous People’s Health, the results of which were here grouped into three categories: Identity; Care; and Indigenous Rights. The Talking Circles format fostered the construction of new knowledge in indigenous health’s field related to different cultures, specific health policies, concepts of health-disease process, providing an initial approach on the indigenous health context in Brazil. Additionally, they provided a space with indigenous leadership that dared to indicate innovative perspectives on identity issues and health understandings, disease and healing processes, as well as raising the epistemology inherent to these populations. Conclusions: Based on the dialogue between different actors, it was possible to arouse interest of the health professionals regarding ethnic and cultural issues and give visibility to the indigenous people at the University. Moreover, it can be a first step towards the construction of optional interdisciplinary disciplines and the insertion of the topic in undergraduate school curricula in the health area.

Traditional Medicine and Indigenous Health in Indigenous Hands

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard Bodeker ◽  
Kishan Kariippanon
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Indigenous Health ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Indigenous Women ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Integrated Medicine ◽  
Traditional Health

An estimated 370 million Indigenous people reside in 90 countries and make up 5% of the global population. Three hundred million Indigenous people live in extremely disadvantaged rural locations. Indigenous people have suffered from historic injustices due to colonization and the dispossession of their lands, territories, and resources, thus preventing them from exercising their right to development according to their own needs and interests. Across the board, Indigenous people have poorer health outcomes when compared to their non-Indigenous fellow citizens. Cancer, respiratory disease, endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic disorders, primarily diabetes, affect Indigenous people disproportionately. Newborns of Indigenous women are more than twice as likely to be of low birth weight as those born to non-Indigenous women. Indigenous rates of suicide are the highest in the world. For public health to be effective, a social determinants approach, along with health interventions, is insufficient to create lasting health impact. Partnerships with Indigenous organizations, Indigenous researchers, and the professionalization of health workers is essential. Integration of traditional medicine and traditional health practitioners can enable the Western biomedical model to work in partnership with Indigenous knowledge systems and become more locally relevant and accountable. The Indigenous health workforce is increasingly using evidence-based, innovative approaches to address the shortage of health professionals as they move toward universal health coverage. Internet, mobile, and communication technologies are enhancing the mobilization of Indigenous health efforts and the support for health workers in rural locations. Presented are country examples of integrated medicine and Indigenous partnerships that effectively implement health interventions.

Educational content related to postcolonialism and indigenous health inequities recommended for all rehabilitation students in Canada: a qualitative study

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (26) ◽  
pp. 3206-3216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ala Hojjati ◽  
Allana S. W. Beavis ◽  
Aly Kassam ◽  
Daniel Choudhury ◽  
Michelle Fraser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Indigenous Health ◽  
Health Inequities ◽  
Educational Content

scholarly journals Ethical research engagement with Indigenous communities

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 205566832092270
Author(s):  
Carrie Bourassa ◽  
Jennifer Billan ◽  
Danette Starblanket ◽  
Sadie Anderson ◽  
Marlin Legare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Nations ◽  
Advisory Committee ◽  
Indigenous Health ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Cultural Safety ◽  
Community Research ◽  
Training Module ◽  
Research Engagement ◽  
Morning Star ◽  
Tribal Council

Introduction Canada’s colonial policies and practices have led to barriers for Indigenous older adults’ access to healthcare and research. As a result, there is a need for Indigenous-led research and culturally safe practices. Morning Star Lodge is developing a training module to assist AgingTech researchers on ethical, culturally safe ways to engage Indigenous communities. This includes exploring Indigenous health research, community-based partnerships, reciprocal learning, and cultural safety; this is presented through a case study on ethically engaged research. Methods Morning Star Lodge developed a research partnership agreement with File Hills Qu’Appelle Tribal Council and established a Community Research Advisory Committee representing the eleven First Nations within the Tribal Council. The work designing the culturally safe training module is in collaboration with the Community Research Advisory Committee. Results Building research partnerships and capacities has changed the way the eleven First Nation communities within File Hills Qu’Appelle Tribal Council view research. As a result, they now disseminate the Knowledge within their own networks. Conclusions Indigenous Peoples are resilient in ensuring their sustainability and have far more community engagement and direction. Developing culturally safe approaches to care for Indigenous communities leads to self-determined research. Culturally safe training modules can be applied to marginalized demographics.

scholarly journals Perceptions and experiences of allopathic health practitioners on collaboration with traditional health practitioners in post-apartheid South Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon M. Nemutandani ◽  
Stephen J. Hendricks ◽  
Mavis F. Mulaudzi
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health System ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Quality Of Health Care ◽  
Indigenous Health ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
Traditional Health ◽  
Traditional Health Practitioners ◽  
Health Practitioners

Background: The indigenous health system was perceived to be a threat to the allopathic health system. It was associated with ‘witchcraft’, and actively discouraged, and repressed through prohibition laws. The introduction of the Traditional Health Practitioners Act No 22 of 2007 brought hope that those centuries of disrespect for traditional health systems would change. The study examined the perceptions and experiences of allopathic health practitioners on collaboration with traditional health practitioners in post-apartheid South Africa.Methods: Qualitative descriptive research methodology was used to collect data from allopathic health practitioners employed by Limpopo’s Department of Health. In-depth focus group discussions and meetings were conducted between January and August 2014. Perceptions and experiences of working with traditional health practitioners were explored. Ethical clearance was obtained from the University of Pretoria and approval from the Department’s Research Committee.Results: Dominant views were that the two health systems were not compatible with respect to the science involved and the source of knowledge. Overall, quality of health care will be compromised if traditional health practitioners are allowed to work in public health facilities.Conclusion: Allopathic health practitioners do not appear ready to work with traditional health practitioners, citing challenges of quality of health care, differences regarding concept of sciences and source of knowledge; and lack of policy on collaboration. Lack of exposure to traditional medicine seems to impede opportunities to accept and work with traditional healers. Exposure and training at undergraduate level regarding the traditional health system is recommended. Policy guidelines on collaborations are urgently required.

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