scholarly journals DEL in China: the D antigen among serologic RhD-negative individuals

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinan Yin ◽  
Willy Albert Flegel
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Molecular Assays ◽  
Practical Strategy ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
D Antigen ◽  
Negative Phenotype

Abstract Background Providing RhD-negative red cell transfusions is a challenge in East Asia, represented by China, Korea, and Japan, where the frequency of RhD-negative is the lowest in the world. Findings Among 56 ethnic groups in China, the RhD-negative frequency in Han, the prevalent ethnicity, is 0.5% or less, similar to most other ethnic groups. The Uyghur ethnic group has the highest reported RhD-negative frequency of up to 4.7%, as compared to 13.9% in the US. However, an estimated 7.15 million RhD-negative people live in China. The RhD-negative phenotype typically results from a loss of the entire RHD gene, causing the lack of the RhD protein and D antigen. The DEL phenotype carries a low amount of the D antigen and types as RhD-negative in routine serology. The DEL prevalence in RhD-negative individuals averages 23.3% in the Han, 17% in the Hui and 2.4% in the Uyghur ethnicities. The Asian type DEL, also known as RHD*DEL1 and RHD:c.1227G > A allele, is by far the most prevalent among the 13 DEL alleles observed in China. Conclusion The purpose of this review is to summarize the data on DEL and to provide a basis for practical strategy decisions in managing patients and donors with DEL alleles in East Asia using molecular assays.

Abstract P149: A Large-scale Multi Ethnic Study of a Direct Measure of Insulin Sensitivity Demonstrates That South Asians are the Most Insulin Resistant Ethnic Group in the US

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica S Divakaruni ◽  
Fahim Abbasi ◽  
Manisha Desai ◽  
Cynthia A Lamendola ◽  
Latha Palaniappan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
South Asians ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
The Us ◽  
Resistant Group ◽  
Direct Measures

Introduction: Insulin resistance (IR) is a known risk factor for heart disease. Few studies have compared race/ethnic differences in IR using ‘gold standard’ direct measures of insulin sensitivity. Methods: A total of 892 non-diabetic subjects (548 White, 106 South Asian, 103 East Asian, 86 Hispanic and 49 Black) underwent a 4-hour insulin suppression test (IST) as a part of various IR related studies at Stanford over the last ∼20 years. We used generalized estimating equations assuming an exchangeable correlation structure to determine the association between race/ethnicity and steady state plasma glucose (SSPG) derived from an IST, accounting for correlation of outcomes among subjects from the same study. We similarly determined whether differences in plasma triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels among race/ethnic groups could be explained by differences in SSPG. All analyses were adjusted for age, sex, and BMI. Results: Significant differences among the race/ethnic groups in SSPG were observed (p <0.001). South Asians were the most insulin resistant group with a mean increase in SSPG of 38 mg/dL, compared to whites after controlling for age, sex, and BMI, a difference equivalent to ∼1/2 of the standard deviation of SSPG. East Asians were the next most resistant group (mean +33 mg/dl SSPG compared to whites) followed by Hispanics (+20 mg/dl), Whites, and Blacks (−7 mg/dl). South Asians were the only group with significantly higher TG (mean +1.16 fold, p=0.04) and lower HDL (−3.0 mg/dl, p=0.02) levels compared to whites but these differences were no longer evident after controlling for SSPG. In contrast, Blacks had significantly lower TG (mean 0.8 fold, p = 0.006) compared to whites, but this difference was not at all mitigated after adjusting for SSPG. Blacks also had no significant differences in HDL compared to whites. Conclusions: Direct measures of insulin sensitivity suggest that South Asians are the most insulin resistant race/ethnic group in the US even after adjusting for the principal determinants of IR. IR may be largely responsible for differences in TG and HDL observed between South Asian and other race/ethnic groups. The etiologies behind differences in insulin sensitivity across race/ethnic groups remain to be determined.

scholarly journals A história da lã: da domesticação à atualidade

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 65-76
Author(s):  
Virgínia Santos ◽  
Ângela Martins ◽  
Mário Silvestre ◽  
Severiano Silva ◽  
Jorge Azevedo
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Sheep Breeds ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Sheep Production

ResumoA produção de lã foi durante muitos anos, em Portugal e em várias regiões do mundo, uma das principais razões da exploração ovina. Esta situação foi alterada com o aparecimento das fibras sintéticas. A produção de carne ou de leite tornaram-se então as principais aptidões económicas destes animais. De qualquer forma, sendo absolutamente necessário tosquiar anualmente os ovinos, a lã pode proporcionar um rendimento extra, principalmente nos ovinos com velo de qualidade superior. Portugal apresenta 16 raças autóctones de ovinos que se enquadram em três grandes grupos étnicos, Merino, Bordaleiro e Churro, de acordo com as suas características morfológicas externas e aptidões. Cada um destes grupos étnicos apresenta tipos de velos com características têxteis diferentes. É assumido que as raças de etnia churra proporcionam lã considerada de má qualidade, caracterizada por ser lisa e de toque áspero. Em contrapartida as raças do grupo étnico Merino são consideradas como produtoras de lã de qualidade, caracterizada por ser macia ao tato e apresentar fibras muito onduladas. As características corporais e têxteis que os ovinos apresentam relacionam-se não só com fatores genéticos, mas também com as condições do meio ambiente onde vivem. Pretende-se com este trabalho contribuir para o conhecimento da origem da lã e perceber a diferenciação das raças ovinas autóctones nos três grupos étnicos existentes em Portugal. Palavras-chave: lã, velo, merino Abstract Wool production has been for many years, in Portugal and in several regions of the world, one of the main reasons for sheep production. This situation changed with the appearance of synthetic fibres. The production of meat or milk has thus become the primary economic aptitude of these animals. In any case, since it is necessary to shear the sheep annually, wool can provide extra yield, especially in sheep with a fleece of superior quality. Portugal presents 16 autochthonous sheep breeds that fall into three large ethnic groups, Merino, Bordaleiro and Churro, according to their external morphological characteristics and aptitudes. Each of these ethnic groups has different types of veils with different textile characteristics. It is assumed that breeds of Churra ethnic group provide wool considered of poor quality, characterised by being smooth and rough touch. In contrast, the breeds of the Merino ethnic group are considered to be producers of quality wool, characterised by being soft to the touch and presenting very undulating fibres. The physical and textile characteristics that sheep present relate not only to genetic factors but also to the conditions of the environment in which they live. This work intends to contribute to the knowledge of the origin of wool and to understand the differentiation of native sheep breeds in the three ethnic groups that exist in Portugal. Keywords: wool, fleece, merino

scholarly journals The US hegemony, East Asia and global governance

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Min-Hua Chiang
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
World Order ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
American Hegemony ◽  
Us Hegemony ◽  
Rising China ◽  
Zero Sum

This article studies the US hegemony with particular focus on its dominant role in East Asia and compares conventional thoughts with different views provided by the two books reviewed. Reich and Lebow considered that American hegemony has started to erode when other nations regained their economic strength and political stability during the postwar decades. Acharya’s main argument is focusing on the decline of the American world order, rather than the decline of the US. Authors from the two books jumped out from the conventional zero-sum game between the rising China and the declining US power and consider other regional players in constructing the world order. However, this article argued that if China was not able to challenge the US power presence, there is no reason to assume the IS power decline. The establishment of the institutionalized network with involvement of several countries would only to strengthen the US dominance, rather than to weaken it.

scholarly journals US Ethnic Group Differences in Family Member Support for People With Diabetes in the 2nd Diabetes Attitudes, Wishes and Needs (DAWN2) Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Peyrot ◽  
Leonard Egede ◽  
Martha Funnell ◽  
William Hsu ◽  
Laurie Ruggiero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
White Americans ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Ethnic Group Differences ◽  
The Us ◽  
Composite Scores ◽  
Perceived Helpfulness

Purpose The purpose of the study was to describe the perceptions of family members (FM) and people with diabetes (PWD) regarding the frequency and helpfulness of FM support for PWD, including differences among US ethnic groups. Methods The US 2nd Diabetes Attitudes, Wishes and Needs (DAWN2) substudy was a survey of independent samples of 238 adult FM and 540 adult PWD. Outcome measures included ratings by FM and PWD of the frequency and perceived helpfulness of 7 FM support behaviors and composite scores for frequency and helpfulness. Results Ratings of individual FM support behaviors were strongly correlated between FM and PWD but significantly different among behaviors. FM and PWD reported most frequent support for listening, assisting, and doing activities with PWD and reporting PWD was doing poorly least frequently. Both groups reported listening, assisting, and reporting PWD was doing well as most helpful; reporting PWD was doing poorly was least helpful. PWD rated support and helpfulness of most behaviors lower than FM. Composite measures of support frequency and helpfulness were strongly correlated for both FM and PWD. Ethnic minority PWD and FM reported most support behaviors as more frequent and more helpful than non-Hispanic white Americans. Conclusions FM more frequently engage in the support behaviors they view as most helpful, but PWD perceive support to be less frequent and less helpful than FM. FM support differs across ethnic groups, with ethnic minorities reporting higher support frequency and helpfulness. Diabetes care providers should consider ethnic group differences in FM support for PWD.

scholarly journals Ukrainian Religious Missionary Mission in its Research Interpretations

2008 ◽  
pp. 147-174
Author(s):  
Vitaliy Volodymyrovych Shevchenko
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
The Other ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Work Psychology ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Determining Factor ◽  
The Ideal

It is well known that all peoples, without exception, have for centuries formed their own ideas about the world, the cosmos, man, his otherworldly and other dimensions. Associated with factors of different vital values, they accumulate the energy of an ethno-national spirit, attest to the reflections of an individual, as well as the tribe, nation, nation over the ideal aspirations that are usually united around consecrated, close and native ethnic groups. On the other hand, being a subject of admiration and reflection, holiness and inspiration, sacred importance inevitably influences the formation of the culture and art of a particular ethnic group, its life and behavior, aptitude and character, and thus determine the originality of its thinking, worldview and experience. To put it another way, for centuries and still largely, despite the loss of the world of theocentricity as a determining factor in civilizational development, religious imperatives acted and acted as the axis of history, one of the fundamental principles with which humanity binds the past and now comprehends the future. "Every nation," Gustave LeBon notes in his work, "Psychology of Nations and Masses," has a mental structure as stable as its anatomical features, and it is from him that his feelings, his thoughts, his institutions, his beliefs and his art »

scholarly journals "Euroslam" - is it ridda or time consuming?

2005 ◽  
pp. 22-39
Author(s):  
T. Hazyr-Ogly
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
East Asia ◽  
North Africa ◽  
The State ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Monitoring Center ◽  
Muslim Communities

Islam is now professed by the population of many countries in the Middle East, Asia, Africa, Europe. According to the World Islamic League, as of 2004, there were 1.2 billion Islamic followers in different countries (around 120 countries). In 35 countries, Muslims now make up 95-99 percent of the population, in 17 countries Islam is the state religion, and in 25 states, Muslims are an influential minority. Muslim communities are overwhelmed in Asia and North Africa. But they are also present in Europe, the US and Japan. According to statistics from the European Monitoring Center and Xenophobia (EUMC), Islam is the only religious religion in the world over the past 100 years, from 13 to 19.5 percent.

scholarly journals Tackling Multiculturalism or Strengthening Subcultures: the Macedonian Case

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Dashtevski ◽  
Gorjan Grncharovski
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
General Formula ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
The Other ◽  
Framework Agreement ◽  
International Standard ◽  
Collective Rights ◽  
Majority Population ◽  
The World

There is no general formula about what multiculturalism means exactly, and which rights it should encompass. It needs to be considered from various aspects. In the case of Macedonia, there are several ethnic groups in it that are in the vicinity of their home countries, which seek to protect their nationals from repression and discrimination. However, Albania is the most aggressive one and, in spite of direct contacts with Macedonian politicians from the Albanian ethnic group, it often interferes with the internal affairs of the Macedonian state. Although in Macedonia all collective rights are given to the ethnic minorities, including much more than what constitutes an international standard in Europe and in the world, in accordance with the Ohrid Framework Agreement of 2001, implemented in the state’s constitution, relations do not seem to be improving. On the contrary, other rights are constantly being sought, even higher than those set for the majority population in the country. On the other hand, the establishment of increased rights in the constitution and laws does not lead to coexistence and relaxation of the relations between the Macedonian and the Albanian communities. On the contrary, the Albanians are becoming ghettoized and live in separate communities, where they create their own subculture. Such behavior leads to greater segregation, which can create cantonization or federalization of the unitary state.

scholarly journals Adult Literacy in the USA, 1992–2014: Results of National and International Assessments

2020 ◽  
pp. 144-152
Author(s):  
Nataliya V. Zakharova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Education ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Adult Literacy ◽  
Functional Literacy ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
International Assessments ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Document Literacy

The article aims at revealing the change of adult (functional) literacy in the USA and defining the role played by general (country’s population growth, the system of adult education, and its funding) and specific (age, ethnicity, and race) factors. The research is based on the results of national and international assessments of the level of adult literacy in 1992–2014. The following methods were applied for the research: generalization, system, deductive, inductive, and comparative, as well as the historical method and cluster selection for analyzing statistics. The author outlined the concept of functional literacy and described demographic features of the USA on the basis of migration statistics and the ethnic and racial portrait of the country’s population. The author reviewed the American and Russian historiography of adult literacy. A brief history and the current state of the US system of adult education and the corresponding legislation were presented. The study provided data on how the system of adult education was financed and what the initial level of education of migrants and the US migrant policy and testing were. The results of national and international assessments of adult literacy in 1992–2014 were analyzed and compared by literacy types on the national scale and among ethnic groups/races in the USA. The author concluded that the USA had not met the challenge of modern literacy connected not only with rather average assessments of its level in comparison with other countries of the world, but also with significant differences in the level of adult literacy within the country, despite political interest in improving this socioeconomic index, the legislative support which was embodied in setting up the system of adult education based on regional demands, and its annually growing budget. Besides, contradictions in the information (the results of the international assessments were lower than those presented in analytical reports within the country) on adult literacy in the USA available to most Americans were revealed. Trends of the change of literacy levels shown by representatives of various ethnic groups were defined. White Americans demonstrated the highest level of all types of literacy (above the country’s average). Together with the growing level of literacy of Asians and African-Americans, it allowed the USA to remain in the middle of the list of the tested countries of the OECD. The initially low indicators of literacy of Latin Americans and their having become the largest ethnic minority in the USA by the 2000s affected the growth of the country’s literacy in the world rankings negatively. Document literacy was the only indicator which remained stable throughout this period by the results of national surveys. By the results of the international ones, it even rose both compared to the earlier assessments and to the gradually decreasing average world level.

ICTs for Enhanced Use of Indigenous Medicinal Plants by the Ashante Speaking People of Ghana

2011 ◽  
pp. 16-24
Author(s):  
Nana Adu-Pipim Boaduo ◽  
Nana Kwaku Kyei Boaduo
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ways Of Knowing ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
The World ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Being There ◽  
Indigenous Wisdom

Knowledge, over the centuries, has been recognised as power when acquired and used to resolve pertinent human problems. It helps to develop and advance communities in the environment they reside. Knowledgeable communities manage to elevate themselves from diseases and other catastrophes. It does not matter whether people are knowledgeable in the indigenous African ways or in the Western ways of knowing. What matters most is that the knowledge, skills, attitudes and values embedded in their social contexts are not only essential for their advancement and development, they are also critical for their survival. Knowledge acquisition through education enables communities to emancipate themselves from ignorance and poverty and raise themselves above all the challenges that may impinge negatively on their general and specific well-being. There is urgent need to gather together the indigenous wisdom of different ethnic groups around the world, especially the knowledge of indigenous medicinal plants and their uses for treatment and healing. This paper proposes to make a contribution in this respect by providing the basis of some of the IKS of the Akan ethnic group of Ghana, the Asantes, related to indigenous medicinal plants application for the treatment of a multiplicity of ailments. Recommendations regarding how this IKS can be preserved and commercialized through the application of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to benefit the indigenous Asante speaking people of Ghana are provided.

How the Public in the US, Latin America, and East Asia Sees an Emerging China

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-241
Author(s):  
John H. Aldrich ◽  
Jie Lu
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
East Asia ◽  
The Public ◽  
Know How ◽  
Major Player ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World

The People’s Republic of China’s dramatic transformation has not only benefited its people, but has also led it to become a major player in the world. Here we examine how deeply perceptions of China have penetrated into the public’s perceptions in a wide variety of nations around the world – the US, 11 nations in East Asia, and 22 in Latin America. We ask a series of questions: how much do people know? How do Americans evaluate China? And how do publics in East Asia and Latin America view China’s influence in their nations and around the world? We also examine some of the ways in which perceptions vary, both across nations and within nations, such as by partisanship. In addition, we report the results of an experiment using an advertisement the PRC ran in the US to assess how successful they were in shaping public opinion about China. We conclude that our studies, and those of others, provide a strong baseline for assessing the effect of an emerging superpower on citizens around the world.

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