scholarly journals Antiviral drugs arbidol and interferon alpha-1b contribute to reducing the severity of COVID-19 patients: a retrospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Yin ◽  
Juan Meng ◽  
Jincheng Chen ◽  
Junxiao Gao ◽  
Dongqi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Interferon Alpha ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Recovery Time ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Antiviral Drugs ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Early Use ◽  
Lower Severity

Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of antiviral drugs in reducing the risk of developing severe illness in patients with moderate COVID-19 pneumonia. Methods This retrospective cohort study included 403 adult patients with moderate COVID-19 pneumonia who were admitted to Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, China. The antiviral drugs arbidol, interferon alpha-1b, lopinavir–ritonavir and ribavirin were distributed to the patients for treatment. The primary endpoint of this study was the time to develop severe illness. Results Of the 462 patients admitted, 403 had moderate COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission and were included in this study. 90 of the 403 (22.3%) patients progressed to severe illness. The use of arbidol was associated with a lower severity rate 3.5% compared to control group 30.5%, p-value < 0.0001; the adjusted hazard ratio was 0.28 (95% CI: 0.084–0.90, p = 0.033). The use of interferon alpha-1b was associated with a lower severity rate 15.5% compared to control group 29.3%, with p-value < 0.0001; the adjusted hazard ratio was 0.30 (95% CI: 0.15–0.58, p =  0.0005). The use of lopinavir–itonavir and ribavirin did not show significant differences in adjusted regression models. Early use of arbidol within 7 days of symptom onset was significantly associated with a reduced recovery time of − 5.2 days (IQR − 3.0 to − 7.5, p = 4e−06) compared with the control group. Conclusion Treatment with arbidol and interferon alpha-1b contributes to reducing the severity of illness in patients with moderate COVID-19 pneumonia. Early use of arbidol may reduce patients’ recovery time.

scholarly journals Clomiphene Citrate Priming Increases Sensitivity During Ovarian Stimulation in Poor Ovarian Responders Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization Treatment: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Liu ◽  
Xinyu Liu ◽  
Huanhuan Li ◽  
Minghui Liu ◽  
Yasu Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Ovarian Stimulation ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Clomiphene Citrate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Poor Ovarian Responders ◽  
Gonadotropin Dosage ◽  
Antagonist Protocol

Abstract Background: Since ovarian stimulation was introduced as an assisted reproductive technology, poor ovarian response (POR) management has challenged clinicians. Guidance on optimally managing patients with poor response and/or low sensitivity to ovarian stimulation is still lacking. We aimed to investigate whether a clomiphene citrate (CC) priming protocol could increase ovarian sensitivity in poor ovarian responders. Methods: This single-center retrospective cohort study included 294 patients (374 ovarian stimulation cycles). Of these, 193 cycles were treated by a CC priming antagonist protocol (study group) and 181 by the classical flexible gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist protocol (control group). Stimulation data and laboratory and clinical outcomes were compared between the groups. Results: Total gonadotropin dosage and dosage per follicle were considerably lower, the follicle-to-oocyte index was significantly higher, and the gonadotropin duration was shorter in the study group. After adjusting for potential confounders, multivariate regression analysis showed that cumulative ongoing pregnancy remained comparable between the groups (adjusted odds ratio: 0.761, 95% confidence interval: 0.300-1.933, P = 0.566). Age, body mass index, gonadotropin dosage per follicle, and the follicle-to-oocyte index were directly associated with the reproductive outcomes. The result of the sensitivity analysis showed that patients stimulated by the CC priming antagonist protocol were administered less gonadotropin (1,739.09 ± 719.39 vs. 3,114.77 ± 1,171.23, P < 0.001) at a lower gonadotropin dosage per follicle (637.36 ± 373.05 vs. 1286.26 ± 976.66, P < 0.001) and for a shorter duration (6.58 ± 2.23 vs. 9.80 ± 1.90, P < 0.001). Conclusions: The CC priming antagonist protocol offered a convenient and patient-friendly way to increase ovarian sensitivity during ovarian stimulation in poor ovarian responders.

scholarly journals Acupuncture Decreases the Incidence of Post-stroke Dementia: A Taiwan Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shao-Ang Chu ◽  
Te-Yuan Chen ◽  
Po-Yuan Chen ◽  
Wei-Jie Tzeng ◽  
Cheng-Loong Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Acupuncture Treatment ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Incidence Of Dementia

Abstract BACKGROUND Stroke has been recognized as one of the major causes of adult disability worldwide, and post-stroke dementia may affect up to one-third of stroke survivors. This condition could be prevented if we could recognize and treat it earlier. Acupuncture as a complementary treatment for stroke has been shown to be beneficial for subsequent post-stroke rehabilitation. Our study investigated if acupuncture served additional advantages to decreasing the incidence of post-stroke dementia. METHODS We provide a retrospective cohort study from Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. This study compared the incidence of post-stroke dementia between cohorts with and without acupuncture treatment by calculating adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of acupuncture associated with post-stroke dementia using Cox proportional hazard regressions. The study group was composed of 9,547 patients who received first hospitalization for the treatment of stroke between 2002 and 2004; of which, 47,735 comparison patients were defined as the control group. The two groups were followed-up until the diagnosis of dementia presented or until the end of 2007. RESULTS The adjusted HRs of developing dementia among patients with stroke was 4.705 times the average (range, 4.353–5.085), and the incidence of dementia was higher in males. The study group tended to have less incidence of all kinds of dementia after acupuncture treatment, and patients without stroke receiving acupuncture had a lower probability of dementia than those untreated during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS This study presents evidence that acupuncture serves as an effective and alternative procedure to lower the risk of post-stroke dementia and the overall incidence of dementia in Taiwanese population.

scholarly journals Does tonsillectomy reduce medical care visits for pharyngitis/tonsillitis in children and adults? Retrospective cohort study from Sweden

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e033817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eirik Østvoll ◽  
Ola Sunnergren ◽  
Joacim Stalfors
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Recurrent Tonsillitis ◽  
Visit Rate ◽  
The Difference

ObjectiveTo assess the effectiveness of tonsillectomy/adenotonsillectomy in reducing medical care visits for pharyngitis or tonsillitis in children and adults with chronic/recurrent tonsillitis.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingData were retrieved from the VEGA register, a comprehensive regional cohort in Sweden.Participants1044 children (<15 years) and 2244 adults.InterventionTonsillectomy/adenotonsillectomy compared with no surgical treatment.Main outcome measuresChanges in yearly mean rates of medical care visits due to pharyngitis/tonsillitis.ResultsIn children, there was a significant decrease in the yearly mean medical care visits rate from 1.93 (1.82 to 2.04) before surgery to 0.129 (0.099 to 0.165) after surgery, with a mean change of −1.80 (−1.90 to −1.69), p<0.0001. In patients who did not undergo surgery, the corresponding mean change was −1.51 (−1.61 to −1.41), resulting in a mean difference in the change in visit rates between the intervention and control groups of −0.283 (−0.436 to −0.135), p=0.0002. In adults, a significant decrease in the yearly mean medical care visit rate was observed from 1.45 (1.39 to 1.51) before surgery to 0.152 (0.132 to 0.173) after surgery, with a mean change of −1.30 (−1.36 to −1.24), p<0.0001, compared with −1.18 (−1.24 to −1.13) in the control group. The difference in the change in yearly mean visit rate between the surgical and non-surgical groups was −0.111 (−0.195 to −0.028), p=0.0097. The subgroup analysis showed a greater effect of surgery in children, in patients with a higher number of medical care visits before surgery and in the first year of follow-up.ConclusionIn this cohort of patients moderately or less affected with chronic/recurrent tonsillitis, the effectiveness of tonsillectomy/adenotonsillectomy in reducing medical care visits for pharyngitis and tonsillitis compared with no surgical treatment was low and of questionable clinical value.

scholarly journals Early use of low dose tocilizumab in patients with COVID-19: A retrospective cohort study with a complete follow-up

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 100459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola De Rossi ◽  
Cristina Scarpazza ◽  
Chiara Filippini ◽  
Cinzia Cordioli ◽  
Sarah Rasia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Early Use

scholarly journals Herbal Medicines and Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Athar Rasekhjahromi ◽  
Masoumeh Hosseinpoor ◽  
Farzaneh Alipour ◽  
Mehrnoosh Maalhagh ◽  
Saeed Sobhanian
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Group Versus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Significant Difference

Background. The aim of this study was to assess the association between herbal medication and OHSS.Methods. This retrospective cohort study was conducted with 101 polycystic ovary syndrome patients. 66 patients took conventional pharmacological medications and 35 took herbal medications. Data were analyzed by statistical test including Fisher’s Exact and binominal logistic regression.P<0.05was considered significant.Results. Of the 101 females, 53 were married and 48 were single. There was no significant association between the groups in marriage. No significant association was found in mean age between the two groups (23.9 ± 5.8 years in the control group versus 26.3 ± 6.7 years in the case group). There was a significant difference between the two groups .After adding the dependent (OHSS prevalence) and independent (marriage and group) variables into the model, the Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed suitability. Variances analyzed with this model ranged between 29.4% and 40.7%.Conclusion. The indiscriminate use of herbs is correlated with OHSS. Because patients increasingly consume herbs, they should be aware of potential side effects. However, appropriate dosages of herbs could be obtained for use instead of conventional treatments, which often have side effects.

scholarly journals Association between tocilizumab and emerging multidrug-resistant organisms in critically ill patients with COVID-19: A multicenter, retrospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ohoud Aljuhani ◽  
Khalid Al Sulaiman ◽  
Adel Alshabasy ◽  
Khalid Eljaaly ◽  
Abdulrahman I. Al Shaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Microbial Isolation

Abstract Background Tocilizumab is an IgG1 class recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody that directly inhibits the IL-6 receptor. Several randomized clinical trials have evaluated its safety and efficacy in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and these studies demonstrate conflicting results. Our study aimed to determine the association between tocilizumab treatment and microbial isolation and emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Methods A multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted at two tertiary government hospitals in Saudi Arabia. All critically ill patients admitted to intensive care units with a positive COVID-19 PCR test between March 1 and December 31, 2020, who met study criteria were included. Patients who received tocilizumab were compared to those who did not receive it. Results A total of 738 patients who met our inclusion criteria were included in the analysis. Of these, 262 (35.5%) received tocilizumab, and 476 (64.5%) were included in the control group. Patients who received tocilizumab had higher odds for microbial isolation (OR 1.34; 95% CI 0.91–1.94, p = 0.13); however, the difference was not statistically significant. Development of resistant organisms (OR 1.00; 95% CI 0.51–1.98, p = 0.99) or detection of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) (OR 0.67; 95% CI 0.29–1.54, p = 0.34) was not statistically significant between the two groups. Conclusions Tocilizumab use in critically ill patients with COVID-19 is not associated with higher microbial isolation, the emergence of resistant organisms, or the detection of CRE organisms.

scholarly journals Pulse oximetry adoption and oxygen orders at paediatric admission over 7 years in Kenya: a multihospital retrospective cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. e050995
Author(s):  
Timothy Tuti ◽  
Jalemba Aluvaala ◽  
Samuel Akech ◽  
Ambrose Agweyu ◽  
Grace Irimu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Pulse Oximetry ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Guideline Development ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Patient Factors ◽  
Over Time

ObjectivesTo characterise adoption and explore specific clinical and patient factors that might influence pulse oximetry and oxygen use in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) over time; to highlight useful considerations for entities working on programmes to improve access to pulse oximetry and oxygen.DesignA multihospital retrospective cohort study.SettingsAll admissions (n=132 737) to paediatric wards of 18 purposely selected public hospitals in Kenya that joined a Clinical Information Network (CIN) between March 2014 and December 2020.OutcomesPulse oximetry use and oxygen prescription on admission; we performed growth-curve modelling to investigate the association of patient factors with study outcomes over time while adjusting for hospital factors.ResultsOverall, pulse oximetry was used in 48.8% (64 722/132 737) of all admission cases. Use rose on average with each month of participation in the CIN (OR: 1.11, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.18) but patterns of adoption were highly variable across hospitals suggesting important factors at hospital level influence use of pulse oximetry. Of those with pulse oximetry measurement, 7% (4510/64 722) had hypoxaemia (SpO2 <90%). Across the same period, 8.6% (11 428/132 737) had oxygen prescribed but in 87%, pulse oximetry was either not done or the hypoxaemia threshold (SpO2 <90%) was not met. Lower chest-wall indrawing and other respiratory symptoms were associated with pulse oximetry use at admission and were also associated with oxygen prescription in the absence of pulse oximetry or hypoxaemia.ConclusionThe adoption of pulse oximetry recommended in international guidelines for assessing children with severe illness has been slow and erratic, reflecting system and organisational weaknesses. Most oxygen orders at admission seem driven by clinical and situational factors other than the presence of hypoxaemia. Programmes aiming to implement pulse oximetry and oxygen systems will likely need a long-term vision to promote adoption, guideline development and adherence and continuously examine impact.

scholarly journals Factors associated with the time to return negative RT-PCR from COVID-19 in paediatric patients: a retrospective cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. e052609
Author(s):  
Jianbo Shao ◽  
Hong Xu ◽  
Zhixi Liu ◽  
Xiaohua Ying ◽  
Hua Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Antiviral Drugs ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Paediatric Patients

ObjectiveThis study aimed to describe the epidemiological and clinical features and potential factors related to the time to return negative reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR in discharged paediatric patients with COVID-19.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingUnscheduled admissions to 12 tertiary hospitals in China.ParticipantsTwo hundred and thirty-three clinical charts of paediatric patients with confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 admitted from 1 January 2020 to 17 April 2020.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrimary outcome measures: factors associated with the time to return negative RT-PCR from COVID-19 in paediatric patients. Secondary outcome measures: epidemiological and clinical features and laboratory results in paediatric patients.ResultsThe median age of patients in our cohort was 7.50 (IQR: 2.92–12.17) years, and 133 (57.1%) patients were male. 42 (18.0%) patients were evaluated as asymptomatic, while 162 (69.5%) and 25 (10.7%) patients were classified as mild or moderate, respectively. In Cox regression analysis, longer time to negative RT-PCR was associated with the presence of confirmed infection in family members (HR (95% CI): 0.56 (0.41 to 0.79)). Paediatric patients with emesis symptom had a longer time to return negative (HR (95% CI): 0.33 (0.14 to 0.78)). During hospitalisation, the use of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and antiviral drugs at the same time is less conducive to return negative than antiviral drugs alone (HR (95% CI): 0.85 (0.64 to 1.13)).ConclusionsThe mode of transmission might be a critical factor determining the disease severity of COVID-19. Patients with emesis symptom, complications or confirmed infection in family members may have longer healing time than others. However, there were no significant favourable effects from TCM when the patients have received antiviral treatment.

scholarly journals Recovery time from severe acute malnutrition and associated factors among under-5 children in Yekatit 12 Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a retrospective cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e2020003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mekonen Adimasu ◽  
Girum Sebsibie ◽  
Fikrtemariam Abebe ◽  
Getaneh Baye ◽  
Kerebih Abere
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Recovery Time ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Nutritional Recovery ◽  
Length Of Hospitalization

OBJECTIVES: Recovery time from severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is often a neglected topic despite its clinical impact. Although a few studies have examined nutritional recovery time, the length of hospitalization in those studies varied greatly. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the recovery time from SAM and to identify predictors of length of hospitalization among under-5 children.METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted among 423 under-5 children with SAM who had been admitted to Yekatit 12 Hospital. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to estimate time to nutritional recovery, and Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was performed to determine independent predictors.RESULTS: The nutritional recovery rate was 81.3%, and the median recovery time was 15.00 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 13.61 to 16.39). Age, daily weight gain per kilogram of body weight, vaccination status, and the existence of at least 1 comorbidity (e.g., pneumonia, stunting, shock, and deworming) were found to be significant independent predictors of nutritional recovery time. The adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for nutritional recovery decreased by 1.9% for every 1-month increase in child age (aHR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.97 to 0.99).CONCLUSIONS: The overall nutritional recovery time in this study was within the Sphere standards. However, approximately 13.0% of children stayed in the hospital for more than 28.00 days, which is an unacceptably large proportion. Daily weight gain of ≥8 g/kg, full vaccination, and deworming with albendazole or mebendazole reduced nutritional recovery time. Conversely, older age, pneumonia, stunting, and shock increased nutritional recovery time.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document