High-risk human papillomavirus detection in self-collected vaginal samples compared with healthcare worker collected cervical samples among women attending gynecology clinics at a tertiary hospital in Pretoria, South Africa

Abstract Background In 2017, the South African National Department of Health (NDoH) Cervical Cancer Prevention and Control Policy was revised. Human papillomavirus (HPV) testing on self-collected samples may offer improved screening uptake. The objectives of the study were to compare the positivity of high-risk (hr)-HPV deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and hrHPV viral messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) between healthcare worker-collected cervical and self-collected vaginal samples and investigate the accuracy of the applicator-tampon-based self-collected samples in detecting hrHPV DNA and hrHPV mRNA. Methods A total of 527 women aged 18 years and older and seeking gynecology services at a tertiary hospital in Pretoria, South Africa, were enrolled. Vaginal samples were self-collected using SelfCerv applicator tampon, followed by cervical samples collected by a healthcare worker using a Cervex Brush® Combi. Both samples were tested with the Abbott m2000 analyzer for 14-hrHPV types and 285 paired samples were tested for hrHPV E6/E7 mRNA using the Aptima HR-HPV mRNA assay. The prevalence of hrHPV DNA and hrHPV E6/E7 mRNA was estimated and the positivity between the two collection methods was compared for the total group as well as per age group. Results HrHPV prevalence was 48.0% (95% CI 43.7–52.4) among healthcare worker collected samples and 47.6% (95% CI 43.3–52.0) among self-collected samples. There was no difference in positivity between healthcare worker collection (48.0%) and applicator-tampon-based self-collection, 47.6% (p-value = 0.90). The proportions of hrHPV were equal between the age groups as shown by the McNemar test (p = 0.9036) results for correlated proportions. The prevalence of hrHPV mRNA was 78.6% (95% CI 73.4–83.2) and 58.6% (95% CI 52.6–64.4) for healthcare worker- and self-collection, respectively. The McNemar test for correlated proportions was highly significant (p < 0.0001), indicating that the hrHPV mRNA proportions are not comparable, although this differed between age groups. Conclusions Applicator-tampon-based self-collection has a comparable hrHPV DNA positivity rate as healthcare worker collection but different positivity rates for hrHPV mRNA. Self-sampling showed high concordance with healthcare worker-collected sampling for hrHPV DNA detection, especially regarding HPV 16/18 detection. HrHPV DNA was equally detected between the total group as well as per age group. Implementation of self-sampling using an applicator tampon as a primary screening tool may be considered.

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Trends of Stomach Cancer in Central Serbia

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina57070665 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 57 (7) ◽

pp. 665

Author(s):

Miodrag M. Stojanovic ◽

Natasa K. Rancic ◽

Marija R. Andjelkovic Apostolovic ◽

Aleksandra M. Ignjatovic ◽

Mirko V. Ilic

Keyword(s):

Stomach Cancer ◽

Preventive Measures ◽

Age Groups ◽

Optimal Number ◽

P Value ◽

Age Group ◽

Joinpoint Regression ◽

Mortality Trends ◽

Incidence Trend ◽

Incidence And Mortality

Somach cancer is the third most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The objective of the paper was to analyze the incidence and mortality trends of stomach cancer in Central Serbia in the period between 1999–2017. Materials and Methods: trends and annual percentage change (APC) of the incidence and mortality rate with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated by joinpoint regression analyses. The optimal number of Joinpoints was identified using the Monte Carlo permutation method. The trend was considered to be significantly increasing (positive change) or decreasing (negative change) when the p-value was below 0.05 (p < 0.05). Results: the total number of new cases was 16,914 (10,873 males and 6041 females) and the total number of mortality cases was 14,790 (9348 in and 5442 in females). Almost one third (30.8%) of new cases were registered in the 60–69-year age group, and new cases were significantly more frequent in males than in females (30.8% vs. 29.02%, p < 0.001). Joinpoint regression analysis showed a significant decrease of incidence trend in females during the 2000–2015 period with APC of −2.13% (95% CI: −3.8 to −0.5, p < 0.001). An insignificant decrease in incidence trend was in males with APC of −0.72% (95% CI: −2.3 to 0.9, p = 0.30). According to the joinpoint analysis, a significant decrease of mortality trends both in males during 2000–2015 with APC of −2.21% (95% CI: −1.6 to −7.5, p ≤ 0.001 and in females, during the same period, with APC of −1.75% (95% CI: −2.9 to −0.6, p < 0.001) was registered. From 2015 to 2017, a significant increase of mortality was registered with APC of 44.5% (95% CI: from 24.2 to −68.1, p ≤ 0.001) in females and in males with APC of 53.15% (95% CI: 13.5 to −106.6, p ≤ 0.001). Conclusion: a significant decrease of stomach cancer incidence trend in females and insignificant decrease of incidence trend in males were determined in Central Serbia. Based on presented results, the mortality trend decreased significantly both in males and in females during 2000–2015, and from 2015 to 2017 we recorded a significant increase in mortality in both sexes. We found significantly more new cases in women than in men in the age group of 40–49, and the mortality of stomach cancer was significantly more frequent among females compared to males in the age groups 30–39, as well as in the 50–59 age group. There is a need for improving recording and registration of new cases of stomach cancer, especially in females. Urgent primary and secondary preventive measures are needed—introducing stomach cancer screening and early detection of premalignant changes. Urgent primary and secondary preventive measures are needed.

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Healthy aging profile in octogenarians in Brazil

Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem ◽

10.1590/1518-8345.0694.2724 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 24 (0) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ana Cristina Viana Campos ◽

Efigênia Ferreira e Ferreira ◽

Andréa Maria Duarte Vargas ◽

Lúcia Hisako Takase Gonçalves

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Decision Tree ◽

Healthy Aging ◽

Age Groups ◽

Population Based ◽

P Value ◽

Age Group ◽

Monthly Income ◽

Tree Model ◽

Socioeconomic Characteristics

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the healthy aging profile in octogenarians in Brazil. Method: this population-based epidemiological study was conducted using household interviews of 335 octogenarians in a Brazilian municipality. The decision-tree model was used to assess the healthy aging profile in relation to the socioeconomic characteristics evaluated at baseline. All of the tests used a p-value < 0.05. Results: the majority of the 335 participating older adults were women (62.1%), were aged between 80 and 84 years (50.4%), were widowed (53.4%), were illiterate (59.1%), had a monthly income of less than one minimum wage (59.1%), were retired (85.7%), lived with their spouse (63.8%), did not have a caregiver (60.3%), had two or more children (82.7%), and had two or more grandchildren (78.8%). The results indicate three age groups with a healthier aging profile: older adults aged 80 to 84 years (55.6%), older adults aged 85 years and older who are married (64.9%), and older adults aged 85 and older who do not have a partner or a caregiver (54.2%). Conclusion: the healthy aging profile of octogenarians can be explained by age group, marital status, and the presence of a caregiver.

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High Risk Human Papillomavirus Persistence Among HIV-infected Young Women in South Africa

International Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1016/j.ijid.2015.02.009 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 33 ◽

pp. 219-221 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

David Adler ◽

Melissa Wallace ◽

Thola Bennie ◽

Beau Abar ◽

Rokhsanna Sadeghi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

High Risk ◽

Young Women

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Risk Factors Associated with Ischemic Heart Diseases in Different Age Groups Patients of Tertiary Care Hospitals of Peshawar

Journal of Gandhara Medical and Dental Science ◽

10.37762/jgmds.1-2.64 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 3-9

Author(s):

Riaz Gul ◽

Sumaira Naz

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Heart Diseases ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Age Groups ◽

Ischemic Heart ◽

P Value ◽

Age Group ◽

Ischemic Heart Diseases ◽

Sedentary Life ◽

Tertiary Care Hospitals

Objectives:To determine different risk factors associated with ischemic heart diseases in different age group patients of tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar.Methodology:A cross sectional study conducted on 350 patients of different age groups presented with ischemic heart diseases in tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar. Study was conducted for duration of 3 months from December 2013 to February 2014. Non probability convenient sampling technique was used. Sample size was calculated using standard sample size calculator. Semi structured questionnaire was used as data collection tool. Patient’s record and investigations were used as adding tools. Standard definition was made for ischemic heart disease. Different modifiable and non-modifiable factors were assessed and were analyzed using SPSS version 16.Results:This study contains 350 patients in which female patients were 133(38%) and male were 217(62%).The mean age was 57.23±11.36 years. The age of the patients ranges from 22 to 80 years. The frequencies of risk factors were stress (73.1%) followed by hypertension (65.7%), sedentary life style (59.4%), family history (57.1%), smoking (50.6%), over weight and obese (39.1%), below normal HDL (30.3%), high LDL (29.1%), hypertriglyceridemia (28%), hypercholesterolemia (23.7%). 64.3% patients were presenting with acute IHD and 35.7% were with chronic IHD. Stress, HTN, DM and sedentary life style were found to be significantly associated with male gender (p- value <0.05). Age was divided into two groups, <45 years and >45 years. Stress, HTN, DM and hypercholesterolemia had a significant association with >45 years of age group. (P-value <0.05).Conclusion:Stress, HTN, DM, sedentary life styles were the major risk factors. And they were found to be more in male gender and in equal to more than 45 years of age group.

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Ascitic Fluid Cytology Seen in a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria

Journal of BioMedical Research and Clinical Practice ◽

10.46912/jbrcp.161 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 345-350

Author(s):

CC Nwafor ◽

K Obioha ◽

TO Akhiwu

Keyword(s):

Sex Ratio ◽

Patient Care ◽

Ascitic Fluid ◽

Age Groups ◽

Tertiary Hospital ◽

Age Group ◽

Malignant Cells ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Male To Female ◽

Fluid Cytology

Ascites is a symptom that can originate due to diverse pathologies. A lot of investigations including ascitic fluid cytology (AFC) can be done on it to help determine its origin. The aim of this study, is to document the findings and highlight the importance of AFC in patient care in Uyo. All AFC reports and slides in the Department of Histopathology, University of Uyo were retrieved, reviewed and used for this study. The age ranged from 1.5 – 80 years with mean age, 41.79 (±17.23) years. About 71.8% of the ascitic fluid (AF) specimens were from patients between the 3rd and 6th decade. Females predominated in all age groups expect 10-19 year's group, with a male to female sex ratio of 1:2.4. Malignant cells were seen in 28.7% of all the samples, while 51.2% were negative for malignant cells. Malignant cells were seen in 4 (6.7%), 11 (18.3%) and 6 (10%) of the AFC performed due to various liver pathologies, ovarian malignancies and intra-abdominal malignancies respectively. Malignant cells were found more in females with a male to female ratio of 1: 3.6. Age group 40-49 years accounted for most of the malignant cases (26.6%). The pattern of AFC in Uyo is similar to the pattern in other parts of Nigeria

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Distribution of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Genotypes among HIV-Negative Women with and without Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia in South Africa

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0044332 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 7 (9) ◽

pp. e44332 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Alicia C. McDonald ◽

Lynette Denny ◽

Chunhui Wang ◽

Wei-Yann Tsai ◽

Thomas C. Wright ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

High Risk ◽

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽

Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽

Hiv Negative

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Consumer Perceptions and Acceptability of Traditional Dishes Prepared with Provitamin A-Biofortified Maize and Sweet Potato

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11071577 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 1577

Author(s):

Laurencia Govender ◽

Kirthee Pillay ◽

Muthulisi Siwela ◽

Albert Thembinkosi Modi ◽

Tafadzwanashe Mabhaudhi

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Rural Communities ◽

Sweet Potato ◽

Vitamin A Deficiency ◽

Age Groups ◽

Food Samples ◽

Consumer Perceptions ◽

Provitamin A ◽

Consumer Acceptability ◽

Age Group

Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is prevalent in South Africa, particularly among predominantly poor rural communities. Provitamin A (PVA)-biofortified crops could be used to address VAD; however, there are challenges of poor consumer acceptability. This study investigated the effect of replacing white maize and cream-fleshed sweet potato (CFSP) with PVA-biofortified maize and orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP), respectively, on consumer acceptability and perceptions of traditional dishes of rural communities in South Africa. Consumer acceptability of PVA-biofortified phutu (a crumbly maize porridge) served with either curried cabbage, chicken or bambara groundnut, separately, and boiled OFSP was evaluated by black South African adults (n = 120) using a five-point facial hedonic scale. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with 56 subjects recruited from the consumer panel to assess consumer perceptions of the food samples. The majority of the participants rated the composite dishes containing PVA-biofortified phutu as “4 = good” and the acceptability of the composite dishes varied significantly (p < 0.05). Compared to other age groups, the 50–59-year age group showed higher preference for white phutu and chicken curry, whereas the 30–39-year age group showed higher preference for PVA-biofortified phutu and chicken curry. The acceptability of OFSP and CFSP was similar. The study participants showed positive perceptions of the OFSP, as well as PVA-biofortified phutu if served with either curried chicken or cabbage. The findings suggest that PVA-biofortified maize and OFSP can replace white maize and CFSP, respectively, in selected traditional dishes of the rural communities studied to alleviate VAD.

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Correction to: Mbatha et al., High-risk human papillomavirus types in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected young women in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: implications for vaccination

Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1080/23744235.2017.1421508 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 50 (6) ◽

pp. 487-487

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

High Risk ◽

Young Women ◽

Kwazulu Natal

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Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Bacillary Dysentery from 2005 to 2017 in Zhejiang Province, China

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph15091826 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (9) ◽

pp. 1826 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Congcong Yan ◽

Yijuan Chen ◽

Ziping Miao ◽

Shuwen Qin ◽

Hua Gu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Bacillary Dysentery ◽

Health Planning ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Age Groups ◽

Zhejiang Province ◽

P Value ◽

High Risk Population ◽

Circular Distribution ◽

Spatiotemporal Characteristics

Background: This study aimed to analyze the epidemiological and spatiotemporal characteristics of bacillary dysentery in Zhejiang Province and to provide the basis for its monitoring, prevention and control. Methods: This study included cases registered in China Information System for Diseases Control and Prevention from 1 January 2005 to 31 December 2017 in Zhejiang. Descriptive methods were employed to investigate the long trend of this disease: gender distribution, high-risk population, seasonality, and circular distribution was explored to detect the peak period; incidence maps were made to show the incidence trend of disease at county level; spatial autocorrelation was explored and the regions with autocorrelation were detected; and spatiotemporal scan was conducted to map out the high-risk regions of disease and how long they lasted. Statistical significance was assumed at p value of <0.05. Results: A total of 105,577 cases of bacillary dysentery were included, the incidence declining sharply from 45.84/100,000 to 3.44/100,000 with an obvious seasonal peak from July to October. Males were more predisposed to the infection than females. Pre-education children had the highest proportion among all occupation categories. Incidence in all age groups were negatively correlated with the year (p < 0.001), and the incidences were negatively correlated with the age groups in 2005–2008 (p = 0.022, 0.025, 0.044, and 0.047, respectively). Local autocorrelation showed that counties in Hangzhou were high-risk regions of bacillary dysentery. The spatiotemporal scan indicated that all clusters occurred before 2011, and the most likely cluster for disease was found in Hangzhou, Jiaxing and Huzhou. Conclusions: The incidence of bacillary dysentery in Zhejiang from 2005 to 2017 featured spatiotemporal clustering, and remained high in some areas and among the young population. Findings in this study serve as a panorama of bacillary dysentery in Zhejiang and provide useful information for better interventions and public health planning.

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