scholarly journals Si-Wu-Tang ameliorates fibrotic liver injury via modulating intestinal microbiota and bile acid homeostasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyong Xue ◽  
Jianzhi Wu ◽  
Mingning Ding ◽  
Feng Gao ◽  
Fei Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Injury ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Fibrotic Liver ◽  
Rrna Sequencing

Abstract Background Fibrotic liver injury is a progressive scarring event, which may permanently affect liver function and progress into devastating end-stage liver diseases due to the absence of effective therapies. Si-Wu-Tang (SWT), a traditional Chinese medicine formula used in clinic to treat gynecological disorders for centuries, has been investigated in recent preliminary findings for its role in alleviating chronic liver diseases. Here we aim to elucidate the therapeutic effects and possible mechanisms of SWT against fibrotic liver injury. Methods UHPLC-MS/MS was performed to investigate the chemical characterization of SWT. After intragastrically administered with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) every 3 days for 1-week, C57BL/6 mice were orally administered with SWT (5.2, 10.4 and 20.8 g/kg) once daily for 3 weeks along with CCl4 challenge. Liver function was determined by the measurement of serum biomarkers, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson’s trichrome staining. Intestinal inflammatory infiltration and the disruption of intestinal barrier were examined by H&E and E-cadherin immunohistochemical staining. The microbial composition of intestinal content was determined by 16S rRNA sequencing. Serum bile acids (BAs) profiling was analyzed by LC–MS/MS. Simultaneously, the expression of genes of interest was determined by qPCR and western blot. Results SWT exhibited remarkable therapeutic effects on CCl4-induced liver fibrosis, as indicated by improved collagen accumulation in livers, intestinal barrier injury and hepatic and intestinal inflammatory response. Results of 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that SWT treatment strikingly restructured intestinal microbiota in fibrotic mice by increasing the relative abundances of Bacteroides and Lachnoclostridium and decreasing the relative abundances of Alistipes and Rikenellaceae. UHPLC-MS/MS data suggested that SWT altered the composition of BAs in circulation as evidenced by increased unconjugated BAs like cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid but decreased conjugated BAs including taurocholic acid and taurodeoxycholic acid, compared to that in CCl4 mice. Notably, SWT efficiently improved the imbalance of BA homeostasis in livers caused by CCl4 via activating farnesoid X receptor (FXR)-fibroblast growth factor 15 enterohepatic and FXR-small heterodimer partner hepatic pathways. Conclusion SWT decreased inflammatory response, reconstructed gut microbiota-mediated BA homeostasis as well as activated FXR pathways, which eventually protected against CCl4-induced fibrotic liver injury.

scholarly journals Alterations in intestinal microbiota diversity, composition, and function in patients with sarcopenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Kang ◽  
Pengtao Li ◽  
Danyang Wang ◽  
Taihao Wang ◽  
Dong Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Growth Function ◽  
16S Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Lipopolysaccharide Biosynthesis ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
And Function

Abstract16S rRNA sequencing of human fecal samples has been tremendously successful in identifying microbiome changes associated with both aging and disease. A number of studies have described microbial alterations corresponding to physical frailty and nursing home residence among aging individuals. A gut-muscle axis through which the microbiome influences skeletal muscle growth/function has been hypothesized. However, the microbiome has yet to be examined in sarcopenia. Here, we collected fecal samples of 60 healthy controls (CON) and 27 sarcopenic (Case)/possibly sarcopenic (preCase) individuals and analyzed the intestinal microbiota using 16S rRNA sequencing. We observed an overall reduction in microbial diversity in Case and preCase samples. The genera Lachnospira, Fusicantenibacter, Roseburia, Eubacterium, and Lachnoclostridium—known butyrate producers—were significantly less abundant in Case and preCase subjects while Lactobacillus was more abundant. Functional pathways underrepresented in Case subjects included numerous transporters and phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis suggesting that protein processing and nutrient transport may be impaired. In contrast, lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis was overrepresented in Case and PreCase subjects suggesting that sarcopenia is associated with a pro-inflammatory metagenome. These analyses demonstrate structural and functional alterations in the intestinal microbiota that may contribute to loss of skeletal muscle mass and function in sarcopenia.

Enhancing therapeutic effects and in vivo tracking of adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells for liver injury using bioorthogonal click chemistry

Nanoscale ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naishun Liao ◽  
Da Zhang ◽  
Ming Wu ◽  
Huang-Hao Yang ◽  
Xiaolong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cell ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Effects

Adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cell (ADSC)-based therapy is attractive for liver diseases, but the long-term therapeutic outcome is still far from satisfaction due to low hepatic engraftment efficiency of...

WITHDRAWN: Evaluating the association between body weight and the intestinal microbiota of weaned piglets via 16S rRNA sequencing

2016 ◽  
Vol 196 ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geon Goo Han ◽  
Jun-Yeong Lee ◽  
Gwi-Deuk Jin ◽  
Jongbin Park ◽  
Yo Han Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
16S Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Rrna Sequencing

scholarly journals Protective and Therapeutic Effects of Nanoliposomal Quercetin on Acute Liver Injury in Rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangyan Liu ◽  
Yang Zhang ◽  
Ling Liu ◽  
Yifeng Pan ◽  
Yu Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Injury ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Acute Liver Injury ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Spherical Particles ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Liposomal Nanoparticles ◽  
Quercetin Treatment ◽  
Injured Liver

Abstract Background Quercetin, a pigment (flavonoid) found in many plants and foods, has good effects on protecting liver function but poor solubility and bioavailability in vivo. A drug delivery system can improve the accumulation and bioavailability of quercetin in liver. Objective In this study, we used liposomal nanoparticles to entrap quercetin and evaluated its protective and therapeutic effects on drug-induced liver injury in rats. Design The nanoliposomal quercetin was prepared by a thin film evaporation-high pressure homogenization method and characterized by morphology, particle size and drug content. Acute liver injury was induced in rats by composite factors, including carbon tetrachloride injection, high-fat corn powder intake and ethanol drinking. After pure quercetin or nanoliposomal quercetin treatment, liver function was evaluated by detecting serum levels of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT), glutamic-oxal acetic transaminase (GOT) and direct bilirubin (DBIL). Histology of injured liver tissues was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Results and discussion On histology, liposomal nanoparticles loading quercetin were evenly distributed spherical particles. The nanoliposomal quercetin showed high bioactivity and bioavailability in rat liver and markedly attenuated the liver index and pathologic changes in injured liver tissue. With nanoliposomal quercetin treatment, the serum levels of GPT, GOT and DBIL were significantly better than treated with pure quercetin. Using liposomal nanoparticles to entrap quercetin might be an effective strategy to reduce hepatic injury and protect hepatocytes against damage. Conclusions Liposomal nanoparticles may improve the solubility and bioavailability of quercetin in liver. Furthermore, nanoliposomal quercetin could effectively protect rats against acute liver injury and may be a new hepatoprotective and therapeutic agent for patients with liver diseases.

scholarly journals The Effects of Ketamine on the Gut Microbiome on CD1 Mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha A Gerb ◽  
Ryan J Dashek ◽  
Aaron C Ericsson ◽  
Rachel Griffin ◽  
Craig L Franklin
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Confounding Factor ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Final Dose ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Cd1 Mice ◽  
Ketamine Hcl

The intestinal microbiota of an organism can significantly alter outcome data in otherwise identical experiments. Occasionally,animals may require sedation or anesthesia for scientific or health-related purposes, and certain anesthetics, suchas ketamine, can profoundly affect the gastrointestinal system. While many factors can alter the gut microbiome (GM), theeffects of anesthetics on the composition or diversity of the GM have not been established. The goal of the current study wasto determine whether daily administration of ketamine would significantly alter the microbiome of CD1 mice. To achievethis goal, female CD1 mice received daily injections of ketamine HCl (100 mg/kg) or the equivalent volume of 0.9% salinefor 10 consecutive days. Fecal samples were collected before the first administration and 24 h after the final dose of eitherketamine or saline. Samples were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing to identify changes between groups in diversity orcomposition of GM. The study found no significant changes to the GM after serial ketamine administration when treatedmice were housed with controls. Therefore, ketamine administration is unlikely to alter the GM of a CD1 mouse and should not serve be a confounding factor in reproducibility of research.

scholarly journals Protective and Therapeutic Effects of Nanoliposomal Quercetin on Acute Liver Injury in Rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangyan Liu ◽  
Yang Zhang ◽  
Ling Liu ◽  
Yifeng Pan ◽  
Yu Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Injury ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Acute Liver Injury ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Spherical Particles ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Liposomal Nanoparticles ◽  
Quercetin Treatment ◽  
Injured Liver

Abstract Background Quercetin, a pigment (flavonoid) found in many plants and foods, has good effects on protecting liver function but poor solubility and bioavailability in vivo. A drug delivery system can improve the accumulation and bioavailability of quercetin in liver. Objective In this study, we used liposomal nanoparticles to entrap quercetin and evaluated its protective and therapeutic effects on drug-induced liver injury in rats. Design The nanoliposomal quercetin was prepared by a thin film evaporation-high pressure homogenization method and characterized by morphology, particle size and drug content. Acute liver injury was induced in rats by composite factors, including carbon tetrachloride injection, high-fat corn powder intake and ethanol drinking. After pure quercetin or nanoliposomal quercetin treatment, liver function was evaluated by detecting serum levels of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT), glutamic-oxal acetic transaminase (GOT) and direct bilirubin (DBIL). Histology of injured liver tissues was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Results and discussion On histology, liposomal nanoparticles loading quercetin were evenly distributed spherical particles. The nanoliposomal quercetin showed high bioactivity and bioavailability in rat liver and markedly attenuated the liver index and pathologic changes in injured liver tissue. With nanoliposomal quercetin treatment, the serum levels of GPT, GOT and DBIL were significantly better than treated with pure quercetin. Using liposomal nanoparticles to entrap quercetin might be an effective strategy to reduce hepatic injury and protect hepatocytes against damage. Conclusions Liposomal nanoparticles may improve the solubility and bioavailability of quercetin in liver. Furthermore, nanoliposomal quercetin could effectively protect rats against acute liver injury and may be a new hepatoprotective and therapeutic agent for patients with liver diseases.

scholarly journals Pathological Consequences of Hepatic mTORC1 Dysregulation

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 896
Author(s):  
Chun-Seok Cho ◽  
Allison Ho Kowalsky ◽  
Jun Hee Lee
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Mammalian Target Of Rapamycin ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinogenesis ◽  
Stress Signals ◽  
Mtorc1 Activation

The mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is a central regulator of metabolism that integrates environmental inputs, including nutrients, growth factors, and stress signals. mTORC1 activation upregulates anabolism of diverse macromolecules, such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, while downregulating autolysosomal catabolism. mTORC1 dysregulation is often found in various diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as metabolic syndromes involving obesity and type II diabetes. As an essential metabolic organ, the liver requires proper regulation of mTORC1 for maintaining homeostasis and preventing pathologies. For instance, aberrant hyper- or hypoactivation of mTORC1 disrupts hepatocellular homeostasis and damages the structural and functional integrity of the tissue, leading to prominent liver injury and the development of hepatocellular carcinogenesis. Proper regulation of mTORC1 during liver diseases may be beneficial for restoring liver function and ameliorating the detrimental consequences of liver failure.

scholarly journals Developmental Change of Yolk Microbiota and Its Role on Early Colonization of Intestinal Microbiota in Chicken Embryo

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Peng Ding ◽  
Huichao Liu ◽  
Yueyue Tong ◽  
Xi He ◽  
Xin Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Developmental Change ◽  
Intestinal Microbes ◽  
Kegg Analysis ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Detailed Composition ◽  
Neonatal Chicks

Although the fertilized eggs were found to contain microbes in early studies, the detailed composition of yolk microbiota and its influence on embryo intestinal microbiota have not been satisfactorily examined yet. In this study, the yolk microbiota was explored by using 16s rRNA sequencing at different developmental stages of the broiler embryo. The results showed that the relative abundance of yolk microbiota was barely changed during embryogenesis. According to the KEGG analysis, the yolk microbiota were functionally related to amino acid, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolisms during chicken embryogenesis. The yolk microbiota influences the embryonic intestinal microbiota through increasing the colonization of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes in the intestine, particularly. The intestinal microbes of neonatal chicks showed higher proportions of Faecalibacterium, Blautia, Coprococcus, Dorea, and Roseburia compared to the embryonic intestinal microbiota. Our findings might give a better understanding of the composition and developmental change of yolk microbiota and its roles in shaping the intestinal microbiota.

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