scholarly journals A longitudinal study highlights shared aspects of the transcriptomic response to cardiogenic and septic shock

Critical Care ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Braga ◽  
Matteo Barcella ◽  
Antoine Herpain ◽  
Federico Aletti ◽  
Erik B. Kistler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Septic Shock ◽  
Dna Replication ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Gene Set Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Circulatory Shock ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Icu Admission ◽  
Interleukin Receptors ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Septic shock (SS) and cardiogenic shock (CS) are two types of circulatory shock with a different etiology. Several studies have described the molecular alterations in SS patients, whereas the molecular factors involved in CS have been poorly investigated. We aimed to assess in the whole blood of CS and SS patients, using septic patients without shock (SC) as controls, transcriptomic modifications that occur over 1 week after ICU admission and are common to the two types of shock. Methods We performed whole blood RNA sequencing in 21 SS, 11 CS, and 5 SC. In shock patients, blood samples were collected within 16 h from ICU admission (T1), 48 h after ICU admission (T2), and at day 7 or before discharge (T3). In controls, blood samples were available at T1 and T2. Gene expression changes over time have been studied in CS, SS, and SC separately with a paired analysis. Genes with p value < 0.01 (Benjamini-Hochberg multiple test correction) were defined differentially expressed (DEGs). We used gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) to identify the biological processes and transcriptional regulators significantly enriched in both types of shock. Results In both CS and SS patients, GO terms of inflammatory response and pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) were downregulated following ICU admission, whereas gene sets of DNA replication were upregulated. At the gene level, we observed that alarmins, interleukin receptors, PRRs, inflammasome, and DNA replication genes significantly changed their expression in CS and SS, but not in SC. Analysis of transcription factor targets showed in both CS and SS patients, an enrichment of CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein beta (CEBPB) targets in genes downregulated over time and an enrichment of E2F targets in genes with an increasing expression trend. Conclusions This pilot study supports, within the limits of a small sample size, the role of alarmins, PRRs, DNA replication, and immunoglobulins in the pathophysiology of circulatory shock, either in the presence of infection or not. We hypothesize that these genes could be potential targets of therapeutic interventions in CS and SS. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02141607. Registered 19 May 2014.

scholarly journals Paper-based microfluidic devices based on 3D network polymer hydrogel for the determination of glucose in human whole blood

RSC Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (56) ◽  
pp. 32367-32374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong-Yu He ◽  
Hsin-Yi Tseng ◽  
Hsia-An Lee ◽  
Yu-Ci Liu ◽  
Igor O. Koshevoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Microfluidic Devices ◽  
Sample Volume ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Glucose Detection ◽  
Network Polymer ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Human Whole Blood ◽  
3D Network

In this study, optical microfluidic paper analytical devices (μPADs) for glucose detection from whole blood samples with a small sample volume (2 μL) have been developed on a single paper.

scholarly journals Assessment of a portable lactate meter for field use in the white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum)

2017 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgina C. Cole ◽  
Adrian S.W. Tordiffe ◽  
Gerhard Steenkamp
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Laboratory Method ◽  
Plasma Lactate ◽  
Potassium Oxalate ◽  
Limits Of Agreement ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
White Rhinoceros ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Over Time

Blood lactate is a predictor of mortality in critically ill humans and animals. Handheld lactate meters have the potential to be used in the field to evaluate the condition of severely injured rhinoceroses but have not been compared with laboratory-based methods. Agreement between a handheld lactate meter and a laboratory method was assessed, as was the stability of rhino blood lactate in the anticoagulant sodium fluoride/potassium oxalate (fluoride/oxalate). Blood samples were obtained from 53 white rhinos that had been immobilised for management reasons. Lactate was measured by means of a handheld meter using whole blood in heparin (WBHEP), whole blood in fluoride/oxalate (WBFO) and fluoride/oxalate plasma (PFO). Results were recorded in both blood (BL) and plasma (PL) modes and compared to an established laboratory method for measuring plasma lactate. To assess the stability of lactate over time, blood lactate in fluoride/oxalate was measured on the handheld meter at intervals for up to 91 h. Agreement was best using WBFO in PL mode, with small bias (-0.16), tight 95% limits of agreement (LOA) (-1.46, 1.14) and a Pc (95% CI) of 0.97 (0.92, 0.99). The agreement was improved for all sample types when using the PL mode compared to the blood lactate (BL) mode. Blood lactate was stable in fluoride/oxalate for 91 h, with a mean change from baseline of 0.15 (-0.178, 0.478) mmol/L (mean, 95% CI). The handheld meter was found to be suitable for field use in white rhinos but provided more reliable results with the device in PL mode. Furthermore, rhino blood lactate was found to be stable in fluoride/oxalate for as long as 3 days.

Use of the Carbon Rod Atomizer for Direct Analysis of Lead in Blood

1974 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 300-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman P Kubasik ◽  
Michael T Volosin
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Direct Analysis ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Lead In Blood ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Minimal Sample ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Triton X ◽  
Carbon Rod Atomizer

Abstract A method is described for direct analysis of lead in blood utilizing the carbon rod atomizer. Aliquots of whole blood are analyzed without pre-treatment. Results are comparable to those for a similar non-flame technique in which whole blood samples were prediluted with "Triton X-100." The small sample volumes required and the minimal sample preparation further diminish the possibility of spurious contamination.

scholarly journals An efficient and novel technology for the extraction of parasite genomic DNA from whole blood or culture

BioTechniques ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J Clark ◽  
Catherine M Moore ◽  
Marc Flanagan ◽  
Katrien Van Bocxlaer ◽  
Evangelia-Theophano Piperaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Leishmania Donovani ◽  
Small Volume ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Novel Technology ◽  
Spin Column ◽  
Whole Blood Samples ◽  
Pathogen Dna

The aim of this study was to assess pathogen DNA extraction with a new spin column-based method (DNA-XT). DNA from either whole-blood samples spiked with Plasmodium falciparum or  Leishmania donovani amastigote culture was extracted with DNA-XT and compared with that produced by a commercial extraction kit (DNeasy®). Eluates from large and small sample volumes were assessed by PCR and spectroscopy. Using a small volume (5 μl) of blood, the DNA-XT and DNeasy methods produced eluates with similar DNA concentrations (0.63 vs 1.06 ng/μl, respectively). The DNA-XT method produced DNA with lower PCR inhibition than DNeasy. The new technique was also twice as fast and required fewer plastics and manipulations but had reduced total recovered DNA compared with DNeasy.

Stability of antioxidant vitamins in whole human blood during overnight storage at 4°C and frozen storage up to 6 months

2018 ◽  
Vol 88 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 151-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott W. Leonard ◽  
Gerd Bobe ◽  
Maret G. Traber
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Frozen Storage ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Plasma Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Sample Handling

Abstract. To determine optimal conditions for blood collection during clinical trials, where sample handling logistics might preclude prompt separation of erythrocytes from plasma, healthy subjects (n=8, 6 M/2F) were recruited and non-fasting blood samples were collected into tubes containing different anticoagulants (ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (EDTA), Li-heparin or Na-heparin). We hypothesized that heparin, but not EDTA, would effectively protect plasma tocopherols, ascorbic acid, and vitamin E catabolites (α- and γ-CEHC) from oxidative damage. To test this hypothesis, one set of tubes was processed immediately and plasma samples were stored at −80°C, while the other set was stored at 4°C and processed the following morning (~30 hours) and analyzed, or the samples were analyzed after 6 months of storage. Plasma ascorbic acid, as measured using HPLC with electrochemical detection (LC-ECD) decreased by 75% with overnight storage using EDTA as an anticoagulant, but was unchanged when heparin was used. Neither time prior to processing, nor anticoagulant, had any significant effects upon plasma α- or γ-tocopherols or α- or γ-CEHC concentrations. α- and γ-tocopherol concentrations remained unchanged after 6 months of storage at −80°C, when measured using either LC-ECD or LC/mass spectrometry. Thus, refrigeration of whole blood at 4°C overnight does not change plasma α- or γ-tocopherol concentrations or their catabolites. Ascorbic acid is unstable in whole blood when EDTA is used as an anticoagulant, but when whole blood is collected with heparin, it can be stored overnight and subsequently processed.

Steadiness/stability of antiepileptic drugs in serum, plasma and whole-blood samples under various storage methods

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Shazi ◽  
A Böss ◽  
HJ Merkel ◽  
F Scharbert ◽  
D Hannak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiepileptic Drugs ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Storage Methods ◽  
Whole Blood Samples

Monitoring of r-Hirudin Anticoagulation during Cardiopulmonary Bypass – Assessment of the Whole Blood Ecarin Clotting Time

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (05) ◽  
pp. 0920-0925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Pötzsch ◽  
Katharina Madlener ◽  
Christoph Seelig ◽  
Christian F Riess ◽  
Andreas Greinacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Heart Surgery ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Open Heart Surgery ◽  
Clotting Time ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Ecarin Clotting Time

SummaryThe use of recombinant ® hirudin as an anticoagulant in performing extracorporeal circulation systems including cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) devices requires a specific and easy to handle monitoring system. The usefulness of the celite-induced activated clotting time (ACT) and the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) for r-hirudin monitoring has been tested on ex vivo blood samples obtained from eight patients treated with r-hirudin during open heart surgery. The very poor relationship between the prolongation of the ACT and APTT values and the concentration of r-hirudin as measured using a chromogenic factor Ila assay indicates that both assays are not suitable to monitor r-hirudin anticoagulation. As an alternative approach a whole blood clotting assay based on the prothrombin-activating snake venom ecarin has been tested. In vitro experiments using r-hirudin- spiked whole blood samples showed a linear relationship between the concentration of hirudin added and the prolongation of the clotting times up to a concentration of r-hirudin of 4.0 µg/ml. Interassay coefficients (CV) of variation between 2.1% and 5.4% demonstrate the accuracy of the ecarin clotting time (ECT) assay. Differences in the interindividual responsiveness to r-hirudin were analyzed on r-hirudin- spiked blood samples obtained from 50 healthy blood donors. CV- values between 1.8% and 6% measured at r-hirudin concentrations between 0.5 and 4 µg/ml indicate remarkably slight differences in r-hirudin responsiveness. ECT assay results of the ex vivo blood samples linearily correlate (r = 0.79) to the concentration of r-hirudin. Moreover, assay results were not influenced by treatment with aprotinin or heparin. These findings together with the short measuring time with less than 120 seconds warrant the whole blood ECT to be a suitable assay for monitoring of r-hirudin anticoagulation in cardiac surgery.

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