scholarly journals Optimal integration of microalgae production with photovoltaic panels: environmental impacts and energy balance

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjorie Morales ◽  
Arnaud Hélias ◽  
Olivier Bernard
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Synergetic Effect ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Photovoltaic Panel ◽  
Photovoltaic Panels ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Microalgae Productivity

Abstract Background Microalgae are 10 to 20 times more productive than the current agricultural biodiesel producing oleaginous crops. However, they require larger energy supplies, so that their environmental impacts remain uncertain, as illustrated by the contradictory results in the literature. Besides, solar radiation is often too high relative to the photosynthetic capacity of microalgae. This leads to photosaturation, photoinhibition, overheating and eventually induces mortality. Shadowing microalgae with solar panels would, therefore, be a promising solution for both increasing productivity during hotter periods and producing local electricity for the process. The main objective of this study is to measure, via LCA framework, the energy performance and environmental impact of microalgae biodiesel produced in a solar greenhouse, alternating optimal microalgae species and photovoltaic panel (PV) coverage. A mathematical model is simulated to investigate the microalgae productivity in raceways under meteorological conditions in Sophia Antipolis (south of France) at variable coverture percentages (0% to 90%) of CIGS solar panels on greenhouses constructed with low-emissivity (low-E) glass. Results A trade-off must be met between electricity and biomass production, as a larger photovoltaic coverture would limit microalgae production. From an energetic point of view, the optimal configuration lies between 10 and 20% of PV coverage. Nevertheless, from an environmental point of view, the best option is 50% PV coverage. However, the difference between impact assessments obtained for 20% and 50% PV is negligible, while the NER is 48% higher for 20% PV than for 50% PV coverage. Hence, a 20% coverture of photovoltaic panels is the best scenario from an energetic and environmental point of view. Conclusions In comparison with the cultivation of microalgae without PV, the use of photovoltaic panels triggers a synergetic effect, sourcing local electricity and reducing climate change impacts. Considering an economic approach, low photovoltaic panel coverage would probably be more attractive. However, even with a 10% area of photovoltaic panels, the environmental footprint would already significantly decrease. It is expected that significant improvements in microalgae productivity or more advanced production processes should rapidly enhance these performances.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of Mapping Accuracy between UAV Video versus Photo Mosaic for the Scattered Urban Photovoltaic Panel

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 2745
Author(s):  
Young-Seok Hwang ◽  
Stephan Schlüter ◽  
Seong-Il Park ◽  
Jung-Sup Um
Keyword(s):  
Research Output ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Video Stream ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Mapping Accuracy ◽  
Still Images ◽  
Entire Area ◽  
Photovoltaic Panel ◽  
Photovoltaic Panels ◽  
Solar Powered

It is common practice for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) flight planning to target an entire area surrounding a single rooftop’s photovoltaic panels while investigating solar-powered roofs that account for only 1% of the urban roof area. It is very hard for the pre-flight route setting of the autopilot for a specific area (not for a single rooftop) to capture still images with high overlapping rates of a single rooftop’s photovoltaic panels. This causes serious unnecessary data redundancy by including the surrounding area because the UAV is unable to focus on the photovoltaic panel installed on the single rooftop. The aim of this research was to examine the suitability of a UAV video stream for building 3-D ortho-mosaics focused on a single rooftop and containing the azimuth, aspect, and tilts of photovoltaic panels. The 3-D position accuracy of the video stream-based ortho-mosaic has been shown to be similar to that of the autopilot-based ortho-photo by satisfying the mapping accuracy of the American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ASPRS): 3-D coordinates (0.028 m) in 1:217 mapping scale. It is anticipated that this research output could be used as a valuable reference in employing video stream-based ortho-mosaics for widely scattered single rooftop solar panels in urban settings.

scholarly journals Case study on the efficiency improvement of photovoltaic panels by cooling

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
S. V. Hudișteanu ◽  
C. G. Popovici ◽  
M. Verdeș ◽  
V. Ciocan ◽  
F.E. Țurcanu
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Operating Temperature ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Photovoltaic Cells ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Efficiency Improvement ◽  
Photovoltaic Panel ◽  
Photovoltaic Panels

The paper presents a numerical study of the operation of photovoltaic panels integrated in ventilated facades of the buildings. In these circumstances, the position of the panels is fixed all the time and the possibility of the raising of the conversion efficiency is analysed from the point of view of the operating temperature of the photovoltaic cells. The model and the functioning parameters are obtained using TRNSYS software. The solution proposed for cooling the panels consistsin using waterheat exchangers attached to the backside of the photovoltaic panel.

scholarly journals Efficiency of polycrystalline photovoltaic parks in Romania: Possibility of using renewable energy

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (Suppl. 2) ◽  
pp. 665-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihaela Mitiu ◽  
Marius Olteanu ◽  
Natalia Raischi ◽  
Cristina Balaceanu ◽  
Danut Cociorva
Keyword(s):  
Manuscript Studies ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Ethyl Vinyl ◽  
Photovoltaic Panel ◽  
Photovoltaic Panels ◽  
Current State ◽  
Soldering Technology ◽  
Main Factors

The performance of photovoltaic panels and lifetime are determined to a large extent by the quality of photovoltaic cells, their soldering technology, the quality of ethyl vinyl acetate film in which they are encapsulated, the encapsulation technology and the back sheet. Depending on the manufacturing technology, photovoltaic panels can be made of monocrystalline, polycrystalline, and amorphous silicon cells. This manuscript studies the main factors that influence the aging of photovoltaic panels in order to assess their effectiveness and sustainability in terms of energy, in order to establish the optimum conditions of photovoltaic panel?s location, being a contribution to the attainment of the targets in terms of growth using renewable sources of energy. The main purpose of this research is to study the current state, in Romania, in the field of renewable energies by using solar panels.

scholarly journals Energy Saving in Batteries Using the Photovoltaic System

2020 ◽  
Vol 04 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-94
Author(s):  
Ali Ibrahim ◽  
Ramzi Ibraheem ◽  
Rizgar Weli
Keyword(s):  
Direct Current ◽  
Tilt Angle ◽  
Temperature Rise ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Lead Acid Battery ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Parallel Connection ◽  
Photovoltaic Panel ◽  
Photovoltaic Panels ◽  
Full Charge

Photovoltaic panels are used to generate electricity directly or indirectly. in the case of indirect, the energy should be saved in batteries and then it can be used and in this case, the inverter is required to change the direct current of the batteries(DC) to operate alternating current(AC) loads. This paper concentrates on saving energy in batteries and investigating the process of charging and discharging the batteries to operate selective loads in the paper. Using the photovoltaic panels to store energy in batteries, the results reveal that one photovoltaic panel of( 80 W) is placed towards south at a tilt angle of 36o; it could generate (224 W.hr) of energy that was obtained by charging a( 65 A.hr) lead-acid battery for 13 hours in April. Using two solar panels each of( 80 W )is connecting parallel,( 915.6 W.hr) of energy generated in May while using three units in parallel connection the electricity generated was near to that of two panels as the battery reaches nearly the full charge. Ambient temperature rise harms solar panels and leads to a decrease in the efficiency of the solar panel.

scholarly journals Studi Perencanaan Penerangan Jalan Umum Panel Surya di Kelurahan Gading Kasri Kecamatan Klojen

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
Asfari Hariz Santoso ◽  
Ahmad Hermawan ◽  
Muhammad Azam Wian Panantuan
Keyword(s):  
Electric Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Electric Energy Consumption ◽  
Regional Budget ◽  
Heavy Burden ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Solar Powered

Malang City is a city that has an increasing need for electrical energy in the technological era, which today is very much needed in fulfilling daily life, both for household, social and industrial needs. One of them is the supply of electrical energy for Public Street Lighting (PJU). If you only rely on the supply of electrical energy from grid, this is a heavy burden that must be borne by the Malang City Regional Budget to pay the electric energy consumption bill for the PJU. This study aims to determine the comparison of the use of conventional PJU with solar powered PJU (PJUTS) in the area of ​​Gading Kasri Village, Klojen District, Malang City both in terms of technical installations which include solar panels, batteries, and charger controllers as well as from an economic point of view. That shines for 5 hours every day, the solar panel power specifications are 240 Wp with 37 points of light. Budget calculations using the ACS (Annual cost system) which is obtained in the 16th year the difference from the initial investment costs and revenue from sales met at BEP (break event point) amounting to Rp. 256,761,376.00.

scholarly journals Life-cycle assessment of a photovoltaic panel: Assessment of energy intensity of production and environmental impacts

2021 ◽  
Vol 1209 (1) ◽  
pp. 012027
Author(s):  
M Vácha ◽  
J Kodymová ◽  
V Lapčík
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Glass Production ◽  
Photovoltaic Cell ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Photovoltaic Panel ◽  
Cell Production ◽  
The Impact

Abstract A number of articles have already been published on energy recovery from the sun using solar panels and their environmental impacts. However, in this article, we assess the impact of solar panel technology, and use separately obtained data based on the disassembly of a specific photovoltaic panel into discrete parts. The aim of this article is to list all the environmental impacts of this panel per unit of energy produced and at the same time to focus primarily on deciphering the energy intensity of individual phases of the life cycle of photovoltaic panel production. An analytical method of Life-cycle assessment using the environmental software version SimaPro 9.0.049 with an integrated Ecoinvent 3 database was used to determine the environmental impacts. Throughout the work, we focus on the data obtained, which shows that the process of photovoltaic panel production itself is very energy-intensive, especially in the phase of photovoltaic cell production and solar glass production. In other phases, which is the production of individual parts of the photovoltaic panel, its use, and subsequent recycling, they do not contribute so much to the overall energy balance. In the environmental impact assessment, the most affected aspects were human health, followed by climatic change, resources, and the ecosystem quality came last. In all four of the above categories, the influence of the photovoltaic cell production phase was determined to be dominant.

Pleasure as a Sign of Efficacy of Mental Activity

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Cabanac ◽  
Chantal Pouliot ◽  
James Everett
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Psychology ◽  
Magnitude Estimation ◽  
Mental Activity ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Macintosh Computer ◽  
Science Students ◽  
Cognitive Efficiency ◽  
Sensory Pleasure ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mental Tasks

Previous work has shown that sensory pleasure is both the motor and the sign of optimal behaviors aimed at physiological ends. From an evolutionary psychology point of view it may be postulated that mental pleasure evolved from sensory pleasure. Accordingly, the present work tested empirically the hypothesis that pleasure signals efficacious mental activity. In Experiment 1, ten subjects played video-golf on a Macintosh computer. After each hole they were invited to rate their pleasure or displeasure on a magnitude estimation scale. Their ratings of pleasure correlated negatively with the difference par minus performance, i.e., the better the performance the greater the pleasure reported. In Experiments 2 and 3, the pleasure of reading poems was correlated with comprehension, both rated by two groups of subjects, science students and arts students. In the majority of science students pleasure was significantly correlated with comprehension. Only one arts student showed this relationship; this result suggests that the proposed relationship between pleasure and cognitive efficiency is not tautological. Globally, the results support the hypothesis that pleasure is aroused by the same mechanisms, and follows the same laws, in physiological and cognitive mental tasks and also leads to the optimization of performance.

COMBINATORIAL POLYNOMIALLY COMPUTABLE CHARACTERISTICS OF SUBSTITUTIONS AND THEIR PROPERTIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
VLADIMIR NIKONOV ◽  
◽  
ANTON ZOBOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Expectation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Small Range ◽  
Computational Point ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bijective Function ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Element Base ◽  
Selection Of

The construction and selection of a suitable bijective function, that is, substitution, is now becoming an important applied task, particularly for building block encryption systems. Many articles have suggested using different approaches to determining the quality of substitution, but most of them are highly computationally complex. The solution of this problem will significantly expand the range of methods for constructing and analyzing scheme in information protection systems. The purpose of research is to find easily measurable characteristics of substitutions, allowing to evaluate their quality, and also measures of the proximity of a particular substitutions to a random one, or its distance from it. For this purpose, several characteristics were proposed in this work: difference and polynomial, and their mathematical expectation was found, as well as variance for the difference characteristic. This allows us to make a conclusion about its quality by comparing the result of calculating the characteristic for a particular substitution with the calculated mathematical expectation. From a computational point of view, the thesises of the article are of exceptional interest due to the simplicity of the algorithm for quantifying the quality of bijective function substitutions. By its nature, the operation of calculating the difference characteristic carries out a simple summation of integer terms in a fixed and small range. Such an operation, both in the modern and in the prospective element base, is embedded in the logic of a wide range of functional elements, especially when implementing computational actions in the optical range, or on other carriers related to the field of nanotechnology.

TO THE PROBLEMS OF COMBATING CORRUPTION IN MODERN RUSSIA AND INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN THE FIELD OF ANTI-CORRUPTION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Dranishnikova
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Moral Point ◽  
Material Goods ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Government

In the article, the author reflects the existing problems of the fight against corruption in the Russian Federation. He focuses on the opacity of the work of state bodies, leading to an increase in bribery and corruption. The topic we have chosen is socially exciting in our days, since its significance is growing on a large scale at all levels of the investigated aspect of our modern life. Democratic institutions are being jeopardized, the difference in the position of social strata of society in society’s access to material goods is growing, and the state of society is suffering from the moral point of view, citizens are losing confidence in the government, and in the top officials of the state.

Implantação do aterro sanitário no município de Marituba-PA e os efeitos sobre as comunidades do entorno

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moisés Rita Vasconcelos Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Social Impacts ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Technical Standards ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations

The municipality of Marituba, Metropolitan Region of Belém - RMB, has suffered environmental impacts due to irregularities in the landfill operation implemented in 2015, which triggered social impacts perceived by all the population, including neighboring municipalities, such as Ananindeua and Belém Protests were carried out by the Movement Outside the Garbage that is constituted by the dwellings of the surrounding neighborhoods to the place where the embankment is located, of owners of commercial activities linked to the tourism and Non Governmental Organizations that interrupted several times the transit of the main route that interconnects the seven municipalities of the RMB and the entrance of the embankment, in order to draw the attention of the municipal public power to the problems that the population would have been facing ever since. From this, the following questions arose: What social impacts would people be making in these protests? Would such problems be directly related to the activities carried out in the landfill? And finally, what are the actions of the public authority and the company that manages the enterprise in the management of these social impacts? The relevance of this study concerns not only the identification of social impacts considering the fragility of this approach in the Environmental Impact Studies and concomitantly in the Reports of Environmental Impacts, but also, from the point of view of the debate about the licensing process of enterprises of this nature and employment and the need for the joint use of environmental and urban policy instruments, considering that RMB municipalities have not yet used sustainable alternatives for the reduction of solid waste produced in their territories, as well as the reduction of environmental impacts caused by dumps , and in the case of Marituba, of the landfill that operates outside the standards established by the Brazilian Association of Technical Standards - ABNT, which is responsible for the management and treatment of solid waste and the National Policy on Solid Waste - PNRSN.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document