scholarly journals The Sierra Leone Ultrasound Rainbow4Africa Project (SLURP): an observational study of ultrasound effectiveness in developing countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Lamorte ◽  
Enrico Boero ◽  
Paola Crida ◽  
Abdul R. Conteh ◽  
Marco Foletti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Sierra Leone

scholarly journals Efficacy of the CoronaVac® Vaccine in a Region of the Colombian Amazon, Was Herd Immunity Achieved?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salim Mattar ◽  
Héctor Serrano-Coll ◽  
Hollman Miller ◽  
Camilo Guzmán ◽  
Ricardo Rivero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Mass Vaccination ◽  
Mild Disease ◽  
Immunization Strategies ◽  
Mass Immunization ◽  
Colombian Amazon

Abstract Introduction. Currently, more than 1.8 billion doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have been applied worldwide. However, some developing countries are still a long way from achieving herd immunity through vaccination. In some territories, such as the Colombian Amazon, mass immunization strategies have been implemented with the CoronaVac® vaccine. Due to its proximity to Brazil, where one of the variants of interest of SARS-CoV-2 circulates. Objective. To determine the efficacy of the CoronaVac® vaccine in a population of the Colombian Amazon. Methods. Between February 24, 2021, and May 19, 2021, a descriptive observational study was carried out in which a population of individuals over 18 years of age immunized with two doses of the CoronaVac® vaccine was evaluated. The study site was in the municipality of Mitú, Vaupés, in southeastern Colombia, a region located in the Amazon bordering Brazil. Results. 87% of the urban population of the Mitú municipality were vaccinated with CoronaVac®. To date, 2.1% of vaccinated individuals have become ill, and only 0.1% of these require hospitalization. No deaths attributable to COVID-19 have been reported among vaccinated individuals, and the vaccine has shown 97% efficacy against mild disease and 100% against severe infection. Conclusions. The herd immunity achieved through mass vaccination in this population has made it possible to reduce the rate of complicated cases and mortality from COVID-19 in this region of the Colombian Amazon.

scholarly journals Bringing relational comparison into development studies: Global health volunteers’ experiences of Sierra Leone

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Brooks ◽  
Clare Herrick
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Uneven Development ◽  
Development Studies ◽  
Local Problems ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Developed Nations

Global health volunteering is premised on a comparative understanding of development: hospitals in developing countries are ‘behind’ modern institutions in developed nations, and sharing volunteers’ skills will enable the latter to ‘catch-up’. We argue for a ‘relational comparison’ in development studies, which draws upon a geographical conception of inequality premised on understanding places in relation to one another rather than reifying differences between countries. We place a particular hospital within a dialectical totality of combined and uneven development. Health workers’ experiences of volunteering in Sierra Leone demonstrate that local problems, including staff shortages and corruption, are enveloped within global processes.

scholarly journals An Observational Study of a National Referral System: An Analysis of 14,266 Referrals in Sierra Leone

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Youkee ◽  
Thaimu Bangura ◽  
Kwame O’Neill ◽  
Lucy Hartshorn ◽  
Sorie Samura
Keyword(s):  
Health Service ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Health Service Utilisation ◽  
Service Availability ◽  
Service Utilisation ◽  
Bed Occupancy ◽  
District Hospitals ◽  
Tertiary Hospitals ◽  
Referral Systems

Abstract Background Referral systems are critical to a well-functioning health system. In 2017, a special cadre of referral coordinators were trained and deployed at every district and tertiary hospital in Sierra Leone. We analyse the referrals coordinated by the network to understand health service utilisation, referral pathways and outcomes.Methods A retrospective observational study of incoming referrals to all district and tertiary hospitals in Sierra Leone from 1st November 2017 until 31st October 2018. Multivariate analysis was performed on all referrals and a subgroup analysis of urgent referrals (n=10,865). Hospital preparedness and readiness scores were sourced from the Service Availability and Readiness Assessment 2017.Results 14,266 referrals were captured over the 12 months. Referral indices ranged from 0·51-5·97, with the highest indices found in Freetown and Pujehun. Bed occupancy ranged from 36·8-83·3%. 606 deaths were recorded, mortality rate per referral was 4.25%, with the majority of deaths, 446 (73.60%) occurring in the U5 population. Higher OR for mortality are seen from referrals originating from higher levels of the health system. The OR for mortality for a referral from the lowest level, MCHP, was 0.77, whilst from tertiary level was 2.40 (MCHP 0·77, CHP 0·90, CHC 1·40, district 2·06 and tertiary 2·40). For urgent referrals, factors associated with mortality were U5s, adult non-maternity cases and being seen by a clinician within one hour. Referrals from district hospitals to tertiary hospitals only accounted for 0·5% of all referrals. No correlation was found between referral index, bed occupancy and hospital service availability and readiness scores. The study did not detect any difference in total number of national referrals during the rainy season.Conclusions Wide variations in bed occupancy and referrals by district highlight disparities in health service utilisation. Low rates of referral from district hospitals to tertiary care should be further investigated. Referral indices and referral mortality rates are useful to monitor over time and to make inter district comparisons. Referral systems and pathways are useful indicators of health service utilisation and further research should be undertaken to standardise definitions and identify performance indicators for referral systems in low resource settings.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN INFESTASI CACING YANG DITULARKAN MELALUI TANAH DAN EOSINOFILIA PADA SISWA SD GMIM BUHA MANADO

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeti Teresia Matei ◽  
Novie Rampengan ◽  
Sarah M. Warouw
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Trichuris Trichiura ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract: Infestation of soil transmitted helminth is often found among communities in developing countries. This helminthic infestation can affect nutritional state, physical growth, mental, cognition, and intellectual deterioration in children. Increased eosinophils (eosinophilia) is often associated with diseases caused by worms and allergy. This study aimed to determine the links between investastion of soil transmitted helminth and esinophilia among students in SD GMIM Buha Manado. This was a prospective observational study with a cross-sectional approach. According to exclusive and inclusive criteria, 80 samples were obtained. Data were analyzed by using the Fisher Exact and Phy correlation coefficient analysis. The resluts showed that 17.5 % students were infected by Ascaris lumbricoides, meanwhile Trichuris trichiura and hookworm were not evident. The corelation test showed that there was a significant relationship between infestation of soil transmitted helminth and eosinophilia with a P-value = 0.001. Conclusion: There was a high significant relationship between infestation of soil transmitted helminth and eosinophilia among students of SD GMIM Buha Manado. The most frequent found was Ascaris lumbricoides and its infestation was marked by eosinophilia. Keywords: Soil transmitted helminth, eosinophilia, students of SD GMIM Buha Manado.   Abstrak: Infestasi cacing yang ditularkan melalui tanah banyak ditemukan pada masyarakat di negara berkembang. Infestasi cacing bisa berdampak terhadap gizi, pertumbuhan fisik, mental, kognitif, dan kemunduran intelektual pada anak. Peningkatan eosinofil sering  dikaitkan dengan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh cacing dan alergi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan infestasi cacing yang ditularkan melalui tanah dan eosinofilia pada siswa SD GMIM Buha Manado. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian prospektif observasional dengan pendekatan potong lintang.cross – sectional. Berdasarkan kriteria eksklusi dan inklusi diperoleh 80 sampel. Analisis korelasi yang digunakan ialah uji Fisher Exact dan analisis koefisien korelasi Phi. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan 17,5% siswa terinfestasi cacing Ascaris lumbricoides, sedangkan Trichuris trichiura dan cacing tambang tidak ditemukan. Hasil uji korelasi menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang sangat bermakna antara infestasi cacing yang ditularkan melalui tanah dan eosinofilia dengan P = 0,001. Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang sangat bermakna antara infestasi cacing yang ditularkan melalui tanah dan eosinofilia Cacing yang paling banyak menginfestasi siswa SD GMIM Buha Manado ialah Ascaris lumbricoides. Adanya infestasi Ascaris lumbricoides ditandai dengan peningkatan eosinofil. Kata Kunci: Infestasi cacing yang ditularkan melalui tanah, eosinofilia, siswa SD GMIM Buha Manado.

scholarly journals Practical aspects of mobilising property tax: experience in Sierra Leone and Malawi

2015 ◽  
pp. 242-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Fish
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Property Tax ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Government Institutions ◽  
Tax Revenues ◽  
Stable Source

Much literature has been written about the appeal of property tax as a stable source of revenue for subnational governments in developing countries. Building on this significant background of literature is the author’s practical experience working in local government institutions within both Sierra Leone and Malawi. This article relates to the development and testing of a process of mobilizing the internally generated property tax revenues of local governments, and reports on the results of that process, and the challenges and lessons learned.

scholarly journals An Economic Analysis of Demand Side Management Considering Interruptible Load and Renewable Energy Integration: A Case Study of Freetown Sierra Leone

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Conteh ◽  
Mohammed Elsayed Lotfy ◽  
Kiptoo Mark Kipngetich ◽  
Tomonobu Senjyu ◽  
Paras Mandal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Demand Response ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Load Demand ◽  
The Impact

Like in most developing countries, meeting the load demand and reduction in transmission grid bottlenecks remains a significant challenge for the power sector in Sierra Leone. In recent years, research attention has shifted to demand response (DR) programs geared towards improving the supply availability and quality of energy markets in developed countries. However, very few studies have discussed the implementation of suitable DR programs for developing countries, especially when utilizing renewable energy (RE) resources. In this paper, using the Freetown’s peak load demand data and the price elasticity concept, the interruptible demand response (DR) program has been considered for maximum demand index (MDI) customers. Economic analysis of the energy consumption, customer incentives, benefits, penalties and the impact on the load demand are analyzed, with optimally designed energy management for grid-integrated battery energy storage system (BESS) and photovoltaic (PV)-hybrid system using the genetic algorithm (GA). Five scenarios are considered to confirm the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed scheme. The results show the economic superiority of the proposed DR program’s approach for both customers and supplier benefits. Moreover, RE inclusion proved to be a practical approach over the project lifespan, compared to the diesel generation alternative.

scholarly journals Perbandingan Gambaran Foto Toraks Pasien TB-HIV Dua dan Enam Bulan Pengobatan Anti-Tuberkulosis + Anti-Retroviral

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-98
Author(s):  
Edi Yanuarto Hidayat ◽  
Nasirun Zulqarnain ◽  
Muchlis Achsan Udji Sofro
Keyword(s):  
Internal Medicine ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Chest Radiographs ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Latent Tb ◽  
Radiographic Improvement

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health issues and mostly located in developing countries. As cases of HIV/AIDS increase every year, it is estimated that TB cases also increase. TB is the leading cause of death in people with HIV and HIV infection, and became the biggest risk factor in the conversion of latent TB cases to become active TB. Radiographic manifestation of TB in AIDS patients depends on antiretroviral therapy (ART).Materials and Methods: This is an observational study which compares 2 and 6 months chest radiographs from TB-HIV patients with anti-TB drugs+ART in 24 adults patients with TB-HIV in the Internal Medicine Polyclinic and Ward at Dr. Kariadi Hospital and BKPM Semarang.Result: Most patients were male with 19 subjects (79.2%). The large stage group based on the proportion of AIDS cases is 20-29 years (45.84%). After 6 months of anti-TB drugs+ART there were radiographic improvement in consolidation, cavitation, lymphadenopathy and pleural e?usion. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test showed signifcant changes in consolidation and lymphadenopathy between 2 and 6 months of anti-TB drugs+ART, but no signifcant changes in cavity and pleural e?usion.Discussion: At 6 months chest radiographs examination, not all patients with anti-TB drugs+ART show radiographic improvement. Therefore, the decision to stop TB therapy in HIV patients in 6 months time seems inadequate.Conclusion: There are signifcant change between 2 and 6 months of anti-TB drugs+ART with radiographic improvement are consolidation and lymphadenopathy.

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