scholarly journals A spatio-temporal geodatabase of mortalities due to respiratory tract diseases in Tehran, Iran between 2008 and 2018: a data note

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elahe Pishgar ◽  
Alireza Mohammadi ◽  
Nasser Bagheri ◽  
Behzad Kiani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Respiratory Tract Diseases ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The City

Abstract Objectives Respiratory tract diseases (RTDs) are among the top five leading causes of death worldwide. Mortality rates due to respiratory tract diseases (MRRTDs) follow a spatial pattern and this may suggest a potential link between environmental risk factors and MRRTDs. Spatial analysis of RTDs mortality data in an urban setting can provide new knowledge on spatial variation of potential risk factors for RTDs. This will enable health professionals and urban planners to design tailored interventions. We aim to release the datasets of MRRTDs in the city of Tehran, Iran, between 2008 and 2018. Data description The Research data include four datasets; (a) mortality dataset which includes records of deaths and their attributes (age, gender, date of death and district name where death occurred), (b) population data for 22 districts (age groups with 5 years interval and gender by each district). Furthermore, two spatial datasets about the city are introduced; (c) the digital boundaries of districts and (d) urban suburbs of Tehran.

scholarly journals Prevalence of diarrhoea, and associated risk factors, in children aged 0-5 years, at two hospitals in Umuahia, Abia, Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Adanma Florence Nwaoha ◽  
Camelita Chima Ohaeri ◽  
Ebube Charles Amaechi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
The Government ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
And Control

Diarrhoea is the second leading cause of infectious mor­bidity and mortality in children under five years of age. This study aimed at identifying the most common parasites and potential risk factors for diarrhoea among children 0-5 years attending Abia State Specialist hospital and Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia, in south east­ern Nigeria. We used 400 faecal samples from children with diarrhoea –and 200 without– in combination with hospital-based case control and a questionnaire Stool samples were processed with direct normal saline and formal-ether sedimentation method for parasitological stud­ies. More males than females were infected in nearly all age groups in both diarrhoeal and control groups (X2=23.04, df=1, P<0.05: X2=11.52, df=1, P<0.05 respectively). Amachara had more infections (X2=0.15, df=1, P< 0.05). January had the highest rate of infection (22.5%). Main clinical features were watery depositions over 3 times a day, diarrhoea lasting for days, fever, vomiting, and dehydration. Mothers learned about the problem through health workers, television and in medical centers. Risk correlated with mother’s education, occupation, latrine type, waste water disposal, hand washing, kitchen cleaning; sources and storage of water; and bottle milk (P< 0.05).Ignorance greatly con­tributed to the spread of parasitic disease in the area: the government should improve education and other strategies to alleviate the spread of the disease..

scholarly journals A spatial database of colorectal cancer patients and potential nutritional risk factors in an urban area in the Middle East

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neda Firouraghi ◽  
Nasser Bagheri ◽  
Fatemeh Kiani ◽  
Ladan Goshayeshi ◽  
Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Nutritional Risk ◽  
Research Report ◽  
The City

Abstract Objectives Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer across the world that multiple risk factors together contribute to CRC development. There is a limited research report on impact of nutritional risk factors and spatial variation of CRC risk. Geographical information system (GIS) can help researchers and policy makers to link the CRC incidence data with environmental risk factor and further spatial analysis generates new knowledge on spatial variation of CRC risk and explore the potential clusters in the pattern of incidence. This spatial analysis enables policymakers to develop tailored interventions. This study aims to release the datasets, which we have used to conduct a spatial analysis of CRC patients in the city of Mashhad, Iran between 2016 and 2017. Data description These data include five data files. The file CRCcases_Mashhad contains the geographical locations of 695 CRC cancer patients diagnosed between March 2016 and March 2017 in the city of Mashhad. The Mashhad_Neighborhoods file is the digital map of neighborhoods division of the city and their population by age groups. Furthermore, these files include contributor risk factors including average of daily red meat consumption, average of daily fiber intake, and average of body mass index for every of 142 neighborhoods of the city.

scholarly journals The Characteristics, Dynamics, and the Risk of Death in COVID-19 Positive Dialysis Patients in London, UK

Kidney360 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (11) ◽  
pp. 1226-1243
Author(s):  
Dalvir Kular ◽  
Irina Chis Ster ◽  
Alexander Sarnowski ◽  
Eirini Lioudaki ◽  
Dandisonba C.B. Braide-Azikiwe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Performance Status ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Case Fatality Ratio ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Dialysis Vintage ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

BackgroundPatients on dialysis with frequent comorbidities, advanced age, and frailty, who visit treatment facilities frequently, are perhaps more prone to SARS-CoV-2 infection and related death—the risk factors and dynamics of which are unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the hospital outcomes in patients on dialysis infected with SARS-CoV-2.MethodsData on 224 patients on hemodialysis between February 29, 2020 and May 15, 2020 with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 were analyzed for outcomes and potential risk factors for death, using a competing risk-regression model assessed by subdistribution hazards ratio (SHR).ResultsCrude data analyses suggest an overall case-fatality ratio of 23% (95% CI, 17% to 28%) overall, but that varies across age groups from 11% (95% CI, 0.9% to 9.2%) in patients ≤50 years old and 32% (95% CI, 17% to 48%) in patients >80 years; with 60% of deaths occurring in the first 15 days and 80% within 21 days, indicating a rapid deterioration toward death after admission. Almost 90% of surviving patients were discharged within 28 days. Death was more likely than hospital discharge in patients who were more frail (WHO performance status, 3–4; SHR, 2.16 [95% CI, 1.25 to 3.74]; P=0.006), had ischemic heart disease (SHR, 2.28 [95% CI, 1.32 to 3.94]; P=0.003), cerebrovascular disease (SHR, 2.11 [95% CI, 1.20 to 3.72]; P=0.01), smoking history (SHR, 2.69 [95% CI, 1.33 to 5.45]; P=0.006), patients who were hospitalized (SHR, 10.26 [95% CI, 3.10 to 33.94]; P<0.001), and patients with high CRP (SHR, 1.35 [95% CI, 1.10 to 1.67]) and a high neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio (SHR, 1.03 [95% CI, 1.01 to 1.04], P<0.001). Our data did not support differences in the risk of death associated with sex, ethnicity, dialysis vintage, or other comorbidities. However, comparison with the entire dialysis population attending these hospitals, in which 13% were affected, revealed that patients who were non-White (62% versus 52% in all patients, P=0.001) and those with diabetes (54% versus 22%, P<0.001) were disproportionately affected.ConclusionsThis report discusses the outcomes of a large cohort of patients on dialysis. We found SARS-CoV-2 infection affected more patients with diabetes and those who were non-White, with a high case-fatality ratio, which increased significantly with age, frailty, smoking, increasing CRP, and neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio at presentation.

scholarly journals Risk factors associated with delay in diagnosis and mortality in patients with COVID-19 in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (suppl 2) ◽  
pp. 4131-4140
Author(s):  
Alexandre de Fátima Cobre ◽  
Beatriz Böger ◽  
Mariana Millan Fachi ◽  
Raquel de Oliveira Vilhena ◽  
Eric Luiz Domingos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Delay In Diagnosis ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Delays In Diagnosis ◽  
The City

Abstract We investigated the predictors of delay in the diagnosis and mortality of patients with COVID-19 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A cohort of 3,656 patients were evaluated (Feb-Apr 2020) and patients’ sociodemographic characteristics, and social development index (SDI) were used as determinant factors of diagnosis delays and mortality. Kaplan-Meier survival analyses, time-dependent Cox regression models, and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted. The median time from symptoms onset to diagnosis was eight days (interquartile range [IQR] 7.23-8.99 days). Half of the patients recovered during the evaluated period, and 8.3% died. Mortality rates were higher in men. Delays in diagnosis were associated with male gender (p = 0.015) and patients living in low SDI areas (p < 0.001). The age groups statistically associated with death were: 70-79 years, 80-89 years, and 90-99 years. Delays to diagnosis greater than eight days were also risk factors for death. Delays in diagnosis and risk factors for death from COVID-19 were associated with male gender, age under 60 years, and patients living in regions with lower SDI. Delays superior to eight days to diagnosis increased mortality rates.

scholarly journals Characteristics and Risk Factors for Hospitalization and Mortality among Persons with COVID-19 in Atlanta Metropolitan Area

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathaniel Chishinga ◽  
Neel R. Gandhi ◽  
Udodirim N. Onwubiko ◽  
Carson Telford ◽  
Juliana Prieto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Chronic Renal Disease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Southeast United States ◽  
Icu Admission ◽  
Multiple Risk Factors ◽  
All Cause Mortality

Background: We present data on risk factors for severe outcomes among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the southeast United States (U.S.). Objective: To determine risk factors associated with hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and mortality among patients with confirmed COVID-19. Design: A retrospective cohort study. Setting: Fulton County in Atlanta Metropolitan Area, Georgia, U.S. Patients: Community-based individuals of all ages that tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Measurements: Demographic characteristics, comorbid conditions, hospitalization, ICU admission, death (all-cause mortality), and severe COVID-19 disease, defined as a composite measure of hospitalization and death. Results: Between March 2 and May 31, 2020, we included 4322 individuals with various COVID-19 outcomes. In a multivariable logistic regression random-effects model, patients in age groups ≥45 years compared to those <25 years were associated with severe COVID-19. Males compared to females (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.4, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1-1.6), non-Hispanic blacks (aOR 1.9, 95%CI: 1.5-2.4) and Hispanics (aOR 1.7, 95%CI: 1.2-2.5) compared to non-Hispanic whites were associated with increased odds of severe COVID-19. Those with chronic renal disease (aOR 3.6, 95%CI: 2.2-5.8), neurologic disease (aOR 2.8, 95%CI: 1.8-4.3), diabetes (aOR 2.0, 95%CI: 1.5-2.7), chronic lung disease (aOR 1.7, 95%CI: 1.2-2.3), and ″other chronic diseases″ (aOR 1.8, 95%CI: 1.3-2.6) compared to those without these conditions were associated with increased odds of having severe COVID-19. Conclusions: Multiple risk factors for hospitalization, ICU admission, and death were observed in this cohort from an urban setting in the southeast U.S. Improved screening and early, intensive treatment for persons with identified risk factors is urgently needed to reduce COVID-19 related morbidity and mortality.

scholarly journals Statistical Analysis Aiming at Predicting Respiratory Tract Disease Hospital Admissions from Environmental Variables in the City of São Paulo

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micheline de Sousa Zanotti Stagliorio Coêlho ◽  
Fabio Luiz Teixeira Gonçalves ◽  
Maria do Rosário Dias de Oliveira Latorre
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Respiratory Tract Diseases ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
The Government ◽  
Tract Disease ◽  
The City

This study is aimed at creating a stochastic model, named Brazilian Climate and Health Model (BCHM), through Poisson regression, in order to predict the occurrence of hospital respiratory admissions (for children under thirteen years of age) as a function of air pollutants, meteorological variables, and thermal comfort indices (effective temperatures, ET). The data used in this study were obtained from the city of São Paulo, Brazil, between 1997 and 2000. The respiratory tract diseases were divided into three categories: URI (Upper Respiratory tract diseases), LRI (Lower Respiratory tract diseases), and IP (Influenza and Pneumonia). The overall results of URI, LRI, and IP show clear correlation withSO2and CO,PM10andO3, andPM10, respectively, and the ETw4 (Effective Temperature) for all the three disease groups. It is extremely important to warn the government of the most populated city in Brazil about the outcome of this study, providing it with valuable information in order to help it better manage its resources on behalf of the whole population of the city of Sao Paulo, especially those with low incomes.

scholarly journals Differences in healthcare visit frequency and type one year prior to stroke among young versus middle-aged adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandi L. Vollmer ◽  
Xing Chen ◽  
Erin R. Kulick ◽  
Mitchell S. V. Elkind ◽  
Amelia K. Boehme
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
Healthcare Utilization ◽  
Preventive Care ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Emergency Department Visits ◽  
The Us ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
One Year ◽  
Middle Aged Adults

Abstract Background The incidence and prevalence of stroke among the young are increasing in the US. Data on healthcare utilization prior to stroke is limited. We hypothesized those < 45 years were less likely than those 45–65 years old to utilize healthcare in the 1 year prior to stroke. Methods Patients 18–65 years old who had a stroke between 2008 and 2013 in MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters Databases were included. We used descriptive statistics and logistic regression to examine healthcare utilization and risk factors between age groups 18–44 and 45–65 years. Healthcare utilization was categorized by visit type (no visits, inpatient visits only, emergency department visits only, outpatient patient visits only, or a combination of inpatient, outpatient or emergency department visits) during the year prior to stroke hospitalization. Results Of those 18–44 years old, 14.1% had no visits in the year prior to stroke compared to 11.2% of individuals aged 45–65 [OR = 1.30 (95% CI 1.25,1.35)]. Patients 18–44 years old had higher odds of having preventive care procedures associated with an outpatient visit and lower odds of having cardiovascular procedures compared to patients aged 45–65 years. Of stroke patients aged 18–45 and 45–65 years, 16.8 and 13.2% respectively had no known risk for stroke. Conclusions Patients aged 45–65 were less commonly seeking preventive care and appeared to be seeking care to manage existing conditions more than patients aged 18–44 years. However, as greater than 10% of both age groups had no prior risk, further exploration of potential risk factors is needed.

scholarly journals HEV prevalence and potential risk factors in a large multi-ethnic youth cohort in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huixia Li ◽  
Yinxia Zhang ◽  
Zhongren Ma ◽  
Zewen Liu ◽  
Aqsa Ikram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
Ethnic Populations ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Youth Population ◽  
Commercial Enzyme Immunoassay

Abstract Background This cohort study was designed to investigate the prevalence of and potential risk factors of HEV infection in a large multi-ethnic youth cohort in China. Methods Blood samples were collected from participants (n = 6269) and serum was isolated. All serum samples were tested for anti-HEV IgG, anti-HEV IgM antibodies using commercial enzyme immunoassay kits (Wantai Biological Pharmacy Enterprise, Beijing, China). Results The overall rate of anti-HEV IgG and anti-HEV IgM prevalence was 4.78% and 0.14%, 0.03% were positive for both anti-HEV IgG and anti-HEV IgM antibodies. Anti-HEV IgG positivity is significantly higher in females (5.27%) compared to males (4.14%) (P = 0.028). Anti-HEV IgG prevalence is significantly (P = 0.0001) higher in Dong (17.57%), Miao (12.23%), Yi (11.04%), Gelao (9.76%), and Bai (10.00%) compared to other ethnic groups. It is significantly higher in Guizhou (11.4%), Sichuan (10.1%), Yunnan (9.3%), and Guangxi (6.9%) than that other province. We found that ethnicity and provincial background are significantly associated with HEV infection in this cohort. Conclusion This study provides comprehensive information on HEV prevalence in multi-ethnic populations in China. However, our study only focused on a youth population from different provinces of China. Future studies are recommended to investigate HEV prevalence in other age groups of the ethnic populations.

scholarly journals Study of clinical profile of acute lower respiratory tract infection in children aged 2 months to 5 years

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1322
Author(s):  
Dhivyanarayani M. ◽  
Raju V. ◽  
Jeyachandran P.
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Nutritional Risk ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Acute respiratory infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in under-five chil-dren in developing countries. Hence, the present study was undertaken to study the various risk factors, clinical profile and outcome of acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRI) in children aged 2 months to 5 years. To study the risk factors associated with ALRI in these children. To ascertain the association of the various cultural practices prevalent in this area with ALRI.Methods: 100 ALRI cases fulfilling WHO criteria for pneumonia, in the age group of 2 months to 5 years were evaluated for potential risk factors, clinical profile and outcome as per a predesigned proforma in a rural medical college.Results: Socio-demographic risk factors like parental illiteracy, overcrowding, partial immunization and low socioeconomic status were potential risk factors; similarly, nutritional risk factors like early and late weaning, anemia, and malnutrition were associated with ALRI. Significant environmental risk factors were the use of biomass fuels, inadequate ventilation at home, and lack of separate kitchen.Conclusions: The present study has identified various socio-demographic, nutritional and environmental risk factors for ALRI which can be tackled by effective health education of the community and effective training of peripheral health personnel.

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